scholarly journals The Historical Landscape: Evoking the Past in a Landscape for the Future in the Cheonggyecheon Reconstruction in South Korea

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Eyun Jennifer Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metropolitan Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Park Design ◽  
The City

As cities become increasingly de-industrialized and emphasize building a sustainable future, we have seen an increase in the design of large-scale landscapes being incorporated into the urban fabric. The reconstruction of the Cheonggyecheon stream and park in Seoul, South Korea, is an example of this phenomenon. Since its completion in 2005, the city of Seoul has promoted the project as a restoration of its history and recreation of a collective memory of the site and historic stream from its geographic origins. However, this narrative of historic rebirth of a stream raises questions of authenticity, the selective emphasis of one history over another, and how this transformation of Seoul’s built environment may change the identity of the city’s culture and society. Using a mixture of direct observations of the park design, activities, and events held at the site, and interviews with project designers and former Seoul Metropolitan Government staff who worked on the project and Cheonggyecheon park visitors, this research examines the reconstruction of the Cheonggyecheon as simultaneously a recovery of and break with the past, and the representation of Seoul’s history, memory, and culture as performative functions of the design of the landscape and its activities. In the process, this new landscape offers a rewriting of the past and memory of the city as it redefines the identity of the city for its present and future.

scholarly journals Zona oeste da cidade do rio de janeiro: Entre o rural e o urbano

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Amália Silva Alves de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The City ◽  
Collective Representations

A Zona Oeste da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil) se constituiu entre o rural e o urbano. Seu processo de integração econômico, social, político, cultural e ambiental foi construído em torno da ideia de natureza e da vocação agrícola, ainda não completamente apagada da memória social.  Diante do presente e do passado da Zona Oeste, observa-se a tensão entre duas identidades construídas a partir de referenciais relacionados ao urbano e ao rural. Desta forma, a proposta do presente trabalho incide sobre análise do processo histórico que fornece as bases memoriais onde se assentam as representações coletivas acerca das categorias rural e urbano constituinte da identidade dos moradores da referida região. A pesquisa que subsidia aqui exposta resulta do projeto “Visite seu bairro” que está sendo desenvolvido desde 2010 e do projeto “Zona Oeste Revisitada: memória, patrimônio e turismo”, este último financiado através de recursos públicos oriundos do Edital FAPERJ Nº 42/2014.Palavras-chave: Zona Oeste. Rural. Urbano. Representações Coletivas. Memória Coletiva.West zone of the city of rio de janeiro: Between rural and urbanAbstractThe ZonaOeste of the City of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) was constituted between the rural and the urban. Its process of economic, social, political, cultural and environmental integration was built around the idea of nature and the agricultural vocation, not yet completely erased from social memory. In view of the present and the past of the ZonaOeste, one can observe the tension between two identities built from references related to urban and rural. In this way, the proposal of the present work focuses on analysis of the historical process that provides the memorandum bases where the collective representations are based on the rural and urban categories constituting the identity of the inhabitants of that region. The research that subsidizes here is a result of the project "Visit your neighborhood" that has been developed since 2010 and the project "ZonaOeste Revisited: memory, heritage and tourism", the latter financed through public funds from FAPERJ Edict No. 42/2014 .Keywords: ZonaOeste. Rural. Urban. Collective Representations. Collective Memory. 

Compiling a chemistry database from Antarctic ice cores records spanning the past 2000 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Vladimirova ◽  
Elizabeth Thomas ◽  
on behalf of CLIVASH2k
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Past 2000 Years

<p>Trends in sea ice extent and atmospheric circulation around Antarctica have exhibited large variability over recent decades. Direct observations such as satellite data cover the past four decades only. Thus, a comparison with paleoclimate archives is essential to understand the natural and anthropogenic components of these recent changes. We have initiated a data call within CLIVASH2k community (http://pastglobalchanges.org/science/wg/2k-network/projects/clivash) to collect all available sodium (Na+) and sulfate (SO42-) concentration and fluxes from Antarctic ice cores. We aim to improve our understanding of large-scale sea-ice variability and atmospheric circulation over the past 2000 years. In this respect, ice cores are a unique archive.</p><p>Here we present the new database, which builds on previous efforts by the PAGES community in gathering snow accumulation (Thomas et al. 2017) and stable water isotope data (Stenni et al. 2017).  To date, 88 published and 14 unpublished records have been submitted, 10 of which span the full 2000 years. The data, especially 2000 years-long records are equally distributed over the Antarctic continent and all coastal regions are well represented.  The new data will allow us to investigate interannual and decadal-to-centennial scale variability in sea ice extent and atmospheric circulation and its regional differences over the past 2000 years.</p>

Political Memoirs and Collective Memory in South Korea- Turning Points in the Autobiographical Writings of Kim Taejung and No Muhyŏn

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Natalia Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Korean History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Wide Range

Emerging as an independent nation in 1948, South Korea went through a difficult phase of political development shifting from a martial and authoritarian regime toward a liberal–democratic one. The April Revolution in 1960, the May 16 coup in 1961, the October Yusin in 1972, the Kwangju Uprising in 1980, and the June Democratic Uprising are the turning points of South Korean history which changed the political landscape of the state and extensively influenced its future. The successful democratic transition has provided substantial grounds for various interpretations of the critical moments in the contemporary history of Korea. Although the official historical discourse has become more democratic and critical in recent times, it still leans towards conservatism. The collective memory of important historical events has been continuously constructed by a wide range of educational tools, cultural products, and governmental programs in South Korea. The collective memory comprises individual memories of the past, but these individual memories are subordinate to the collective memory because they are subject to generalization and objectification, which result in the adoption of commonly shared views of the past. There are different sources through which the interdependence of collective memory and individual memories can be studied. One of them is an autobiography.

Urban Archaeology in Cyrenaica 1969-1989: the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Productive Research ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

During the past two decades all the major cities of Cyrenaica have seen new fieldwork, and much has been achieved. The Department of Antiquities has been active, particularly in the increasingly important area of rescue archaeology. Its resolute and skilful efforts have included very important work at Shahat (Cyrene) (Walker (in Walda and Walker), this volume) and at Benghazi (Berenice). At the latter city, one of the least known in Cyrenaica, the Department's excavations at Sidi Khrebish demonstrated the rich archaeological potential of the site and led to the large-scale campaigns of 1971-5, in which the Society for Libyan Studies was deeply involved.Generous support has also been extended to British teams at Euesperides (Berenice's predecessor), Driana (Hadrianopolis), Tocra (Tauchira) and Tolmeita (Ptolemais); to the Italian Mission, whose work at Cyrene has proceeded throughout the period; to the major American investigation of the extra-mural Demeter sanctuary at the same site; and to the French Mission, which has conducted annual campaigns at Susa (Apollonia) since 1976. There has also been productive research into the minor towns.Perhaps the outstanding feature of the period under review, however, has been publication. No less than thirteen major site reports (see bibliography under Apollonia, Berenice, Cirene, Cyrene and Tocra), several works of synthesis (Goodchild 1971; Huskinson 1975; Rosenbaum and Ward-Perkins 1980; Stucchi 1975), collected papers (Goodchild 1976) and a profusion of shorter studies in journals, conference proceedings (Barker, Lloyd and Reynolds 1985; Gadallah 1971; Stucchi and Luni 1987) and exhibition publications (Missione Italiana 1987) have appeared — a very rich harvest. Many of course, had their genesis in earlier research, particularly during the fecund years of Richard Goodchild's controllership. Amongst much else, this saw Boardman and Hayes' exemplary Tocra project, which in its use of quantification, scientific analysis and other techniques anticipated later British and American work; the University of Michigan's extensive research at Apollonia; and the inauguration of the Italian Mission, under S. Stucchi, to Cyrene (Stucchi 1967), whose work on the architectural development, art and anastylosis of the city continues to make an outstanding contribution to our appreciation of Libya's archaeology and cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Pamćenje hrvatskog društva na primjeru Vukovara – “grada heroja”

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Zanki
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The City

Remembering in Croatian society as exemplified by the “hero city” Vukovar The article concerns forms of maintaining memory in Croatian society. Its starting point is the term sites of memory (lieux de mémoire), introduced by Pierre Nora, who defines them as characteristic and symbolic elements that ensure the presence of the past in the present. After the Croatian War of Independence, sites of memory became a foundation for building a new, partly modified Croatian identity. This raises the question about the role the politics of remembering has had in the Croatian collective identity and the purposes for which it has been formed.The analysis is based on the most popular place of memory – the fall of Vukovar. In Croatian consciousness, Vukovar is a “hero city,” a symbol of the valiant fight against the Great Serbian aggressor during the War. Its fall is an important element of the conflict that is still ongoing between Croats and Serbs, both regionally (in the city) and more broadly (throughout Croatia). In her analysis, the author was trying to see the influence of sites of memory not only on the group which created them but in a wider context as well.The more general aim was to study the discourse of memory and attempt to determine, with reference to specific examples, whether the Croats’ collective memory is a factor of integration or conflict. Pamięć społeczeństwa chorwackiego na przykładzie Vukovaru – „miasta-bohatera”Artykuł dotyczy form pamięci w społeczeństwie chorwackim. Punktem wyjścia stało się pojęcie miejsc pamięci, które autor, Pierre Nora, zdefiniował jako charakterystyczne i symboliczne elementy zapewniające obecność przeszłości w teraźniejszości. Po wojnie ojczyźnianej stały się one podstawą do tworzenia się nowej, zmodyfikowanej tożsamości chorwackiej. Rodzi to pytanie – jaką rolę pełni polityka pamięci w chorwackiej tożsamości zbiorowej i dla jakich celów jest formowana.Analiza opiera się na najpopularniejszym miejscu pamięci – upadku Vukovaru. Vukovar jest w świadomości Chorwatów „miastem bohaterem”, symbolem heroicznej walki z wielkoserbskim agresorem podczas wojny. Jest też ważnym elementem wciąż istniejącego konfliktu między Chorwatami i Serbami w perspektywie wąskiej (w mieście) i szerokiej (obie narodowości w Chorwacji).Autorka starała się zauważyć nie tylko wpływ miejsc pamięci na grupę, w której powstały, lecz także ich szerszy kontekst. Celem była analiza problemu pamięci i próba określenia w odniesieniu do konkretnych przykładów, czy chorwacka pamięć zbiorowa jest czynnikiem integracji czy konfliktu.

scholarly journals The Glory of Semarang Coastal City in the Past, Multi-Ethnic Merchants and Dutch Commerce

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Siti Rukayah ◽  
Muhammad Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Watershed Services ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

In The Image of the City, Lynch describes how individuals perceive and recall features in urban spaces. Lynch's approach is categorized by paths, nodes, edges, districts, and landmarks – giving shape to individuals' mental representation of the city. Recently, to test that theory on a large-scale city requires high accuracy to understand a city. So, it requires tools such as computational techniques using the GIS system. The cities of the 14th-18th centuries were not as complicated as the ones Lynch was dealing with in the 1960s. How do you reveal the image of the city? The image of the city in the past had not been explored yet. To explore the glory of Semarang city, Central Java, Indonesia, as Venetia van Java, which has the sugar industry in Asia, and the first railway track in Indonesia, you can still use hand-drawn sketches to reconstruct the image of the old city. Old data such as maps, photographs, and videos are integrated to reconstruct the image of the city in the past. Recently, the name of port of Semarang, Tanjung Emas– cape of gold – implies the glory of Semarang. The Semarang seaport played an important role in the pre-colonial and colonial eras. The architectural heritage at the two-river estuary of the Semarang coast uncovers the history of naming it the ‘cape of gold’. The river serves as roads and train lines, as the path is important as a tool to evaluate the city transportation facilities for urban planners, watershed services, and urban conservation.

scholarly journals «Memory of the city» and «memory in the city»: the heuristic resources of the waven concept of E. Toffler

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Nadiya Mikhno
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
The City

In the article the possibility of application of the futures concept E. Toffler to explain changes in commemorating the objects and practices of the modern urban environment. The theoretical justification of the concept of "space" as one of the central categories of science, and it kind of "social space", that is, of course, the object of the social sciences and humanities, primarily sociological analysis. The proposed explanatory scheme the ratio of physical and social space. Provides an overview of the concept of "urban space" as a specific education between physical and social space. Attention is drawn to the possibility of using a semiotic approach to the identified issues within the urban space. Based on the semiotic approach identified the need in our study to consider certain points in urban space, which are able to perform the function of historical and social translation of the past – "places of memory", and their General set – «landscapes of memory». Moreover that «landscapes of memory» and a separate "places of memory" of urban space is a resource mapping of the historical and social memory in the city. For clarity, the conceptual-categorylink research system, a distinction between "social" and "historical" memory. Outline the General provisions of the wave concept E. Toffler, namely the explanation of the three "waves" which are defined by the author as a large-scale global process of social dynamics. Recorded discussion of memory through the circuit of the wave of change in society. For memory analysis in contemporary urban space using wave concept of E. Toffler made the distinction between the concepts "memory" and "memory in the city", which differ in the locality translocase images of the past: the particular city or events and personalities outside the city. The study carried out analysis of the characteristics of the existence of «places of memory» and related commemorative practices in the contemporary and divergent of the future city, based on the idea regarding relationship E. Toffler’s "Second wave" and "Third wave" in modern society.

Transitional Justice. I conti con il passato

2009 ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Pier Paolo Portinaro
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Truth Commissions ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Rights Abuse

- Transitional justice refers to the admission of wrongdoing, the recognition of its effects and the acceptance of responsibility for those effects. It provides an alternative to vengeance and a measure of accountability for the perpetrators and justice for the victims by establishing truth. The article considers the different ways of taking account of the past (from direct retaliation to amnesty, from prosecution of perpetrators responsible for large-scale state brutality to public discussion about human rights abuse and shaping of collective memory) and focuses the emergence of the paradigma of restorative justice. In amending tragic historical immoralities, restitution, reparation, apology, and reconciliation replace a universal comprehensive standard of criminal justice with a negotiated justice among opposing parties in specific cases. Drawing on the discussion of some recent studies (Teitel, Elster, Barkan, Frei, Koenig) concerning the role of criminal trials, lustration policies and truth commissions in democratic transitions, the article attempts to outline even broader conclusions about a theory of transitional justice.

Krzesiny i Kreising – między pamiętaniem a pomijaniem. Polskie miasteczko wobec historii, pamięci i rywalizacji w cierpieniu

2014 ◽  
pp. 443-461
Author(s):  
Danijel Matijevic ◽  
Jan Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labor Camp ◽  
The City

The area around Krzesiny, located near the city of Poznań, Poland, witnessed several dark events during World War II: Germans oppressed the local population, culminating in a terrorizing action dubbed “akcja krzesińska;” also, a forced labor camp, named “Kreising,” was built near the township, housing mainly Jews. After the war, the suffering in Krzesiny was remembered, but selectively – “akcja” and other forms of Polish suffering were commemorated, while the camp was not. By exploring the “lieux de mémoire” in Krzesiny – dynamics of memory in a small township in Poland – this paper uses localized research to address the issue of gaps in collective memory and commemoration. We briefly look at the relevant history, Polish memory regarding wartime events in Krzesiny, and the postwar dynamics of collective memory. Discussing the latter, we identify a new phenomenon at work, one which we dub “collective disregard” – group neglect of the past of the “Other” that occurs without clear intent. We argue that “collective disregard” is an issue that naturally occurs in the dynamics of memory. By making a deliberate investment in balanced remembrance and commemoration, societies can counter the tendencies of “disregard” and curb the controversies of competitive victimization claims, also called “competitive martyrdom”.

scholarly journals Official and Vernacular Public History: Historical Anniversaries and Commemorations in Newcastle, NSW

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Public History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Permanent Establishment ◽  
Heritage Politics ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

The city of Newcastle commemorated two bicentenaries within the space of seven years. In 2004, the city marked 200 years since the permanent establishment of the settlement on 30 March 1804. But 2004 was not the city’s first bicentennial. In 1997, Newcastle celebrated the 1797 journey of Lieutenant John Shortland, who named and sketched the Hunter River and brought back samples of coal to Sydney. These anniversaries, and earlier ones such as Newcastle’s centennial in 1897 and its sesqui-centennial in 1947, were crucial moments of history making in the public sphere. History was evoked to celebrate progress, encourage civic loyalty and, more recently, to emphasise the city’s transition into a post-industrial era. This article will explore the way in which commemorative dates in Newcastle’s history were interpreted, utilised and presented to the general public. It will examine how history, heritage, politics and policy come together to use the past in a public way. Utilising US historian John Bodnar’s terms, the shift in the themes and tenor of public history in Newcastle over this period has been from an ‘official’ to a more ‘vernacular’ style. Official public history emphasised unitary notions of progress while vernacular styles presented more diverse and occasionally more critical versions of public history. By the time of the 2004 commemorative events there was more scope for active popular participation. Newcastle public history was being nourished by community groups often with conflicting notions of public history, generating a multivalent, multilayered sense of the past, though older themes persisted with remarkable durability. In a city where ‘history’ has such an ambivalent position, large-scale historical commemorations make for intriguing analysis. After a review of the principal themes in the Newcastle commemorations of 1897, 1947, and 1997, I consider the 2004 ‘Newcastle 200’ programme. In particular, I will be considering my own movement from an apparently objective historical analyst of the earlier commemorative events to a participant in the history-making process in the 2004 program.

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