scholarly journals Producción y calidad de la biomasa de morera (Morus alba) cosechada en diferentes modalidades de poda.

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Carlos Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
Pruning Techniques ◽  
Stem Production

A plantation established in 1993 with 60 cm, 90 cm and 120 cm between rows, was harvested 60 cm above the ground, 26 times at different pruning intervals between 56 and 112 days. Three pruning techniques were used: control, semi-clean and completely clean. Every 84th day of growth, the shoots were harvested and the total content of dry material, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and ash were analyzed. The semiclean pruning caused a 10% loss in the production of dry leaf material per hectare and a 13% in the stem yield, compared to the control. The joint harvest of leaves and stems decreased 11%. The completely clean pruning caused a 32% decline in the yield of dry material in the leaves per hectare and 36% in stem production, compared to the control. The total yield decreased 33%. The nutritional quality of the shoots, leaves and stems was similar among the different pruning techniques.

scholarly journals Improvement of Nutritional Quality of Some Oilseed Meals Through Solid-State Fermentation Using Aspergillus niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Aydın Altop ◽  
Emrah Güngör ◽  
Güray Erener
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Kernel Meal

This study aimed to investigate the effect of solid-state fermentation on the nutritional composition of cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower meal (SFM) and hazelnut kernel meal (HKM). In this study, each feedstuff was divided into two treatment groups (unfermented and fermented) with five replicates. Nutritional changes in the feedstuffs were determined by analyzing crude protein, ether extract, ash, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber contents. Solid-state fermentation had effects on the nutritional composition in all feedstuffs. The best improvement in nutritional quality was obtained from the HKM with increasing the crude protein and decreasing the structural carbohydrates content. Fermented HKM can be considered as an alternative protein feed for soybean meal considering the nutritional composition.

scholarly journals Dry Mass Yield and Bromatological Composition of the Forage of Cynodon dactylon cv. Vaquero Submitted to Crescent Doses of Nitrogen, Applied as Swine Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
João Paulo Fonesi de Carvalho ◽  
Magno Daniel Porfirio ◽  
Tauane Santos Brito ◽  
Bruna Broti Rissato ◽  
Nelson Massaru Fukumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Swine Waste

The present had as its objective to evaluate the response of dry mass total yield, and bromatological composition of the forage, submitted to different nitrogen doses, applied as swine waste in the pasture of Cynodon dactylon cv. ‘Vaquero’. The study was developed during the period of November 2017 until March 2018, in the experimental area of the ‘Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná’, campus Toledo, located in the western region of Paraná, under latitude 24º43′13″ S and longitude 53º47′01″ W. The experimental design adopted was of randomized blocks with six treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1) constituted by crescent doses of nitrogen as swine waste, with five replicates, totalizing 30 experimental plots. It was studied the dry mass yield (kg ha-1), crude protein (CP), dry mass (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), insoluble nitrogen in neutral detergent (NDIN), insoluble nitrogen in acid detergent (ADIN), lignin, ether extract (EE) and mineral matter (MM). It was verified that the N doses influenced in the dry mass yield of the forage, because it reached a productivity of 4520.57 kg ha-1 in the dry mass. The highest crude protein content of ‘Vaquero’ was obtained with the dose of 250 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, in which was observed a content of 13.72 g kg-1 of CP in the dry mass. The different nitrogen doses, applied as swine waste in the pasture of grass ‘Vaquero’, have an influence in the bromatological composition and in the dry mass yield, causing an increase in the forage contents of crude protein (CP), dry mass (DM), ether extract (EE), in forage produced under four cutting periods. The increase in the nitrogen doses improves the nutritional quality of grass ‘Vaquero’, once it causes decreases in the NDF and ADF content and increases in the CP and DM content.

scholarly journals Proximate and Nutritional Composition of Stored Bulb Onions as Affected by Harvest and Postharvest Treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Irene N. Kiura ◽  
Bernard M. Gichimu ◽  
Felix Rotich
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Harvesting Stage

Productivity of bulb onions (Allium cepa L.) is largely constrained by postharvest losses. There are several postharvest strategies applicable to onions, but they are mostly applied singularly and therefore their combined effects have not been well studied. This study was set out to evaluate the effects of harvesting stage, curing period, and time of topping on postharvest quality of stored red bulb onions. The study was carried out in Yatta Subcounty, Machakos County, Kenya. The experimental design was split-split plot laid out in a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of harvesting stage (25%, 50%, and 75% top fall), curing period (none, 1 week, and 2 weeks after harvesting), and time of topping (before and after curing). All the treatments were replicated three times. After 3 months of storage, the bulbs were analyzed for proximate and nutritional composition. Bulbs that were harvested at 75% top fall and cured for one or two weeks before topping retained higher moisture content, bulb weight, crude protein, vitamin C, zinc, potassium, calcium, and iron but lower sodium content after three-month storage. These practices are therefore recommended for maintaining the nutritional quality of bulb onions after harvesting.

Comparison of Fall-Applied Pronamide with Spring-Applied Sethoxydim for Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles D. Leroux ◽  
Robert G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Established stands of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) at two field locations were treated at one date in the fall with pronamide [3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynil) benzamide] at 0.8 and 1.6 kg ai/ha and at two dates in the spring with sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} at 0.3 and 0.6 kg ai/ha for the control of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. # AGRRE]. Herbicide efficacy was compared by measuring botanical and chemical composition and yield of forage. Both chemicals suppressed quackgrass in first-cutting herbage. While sethoxydim at the higher rate was equivalent to pronamide for increasing the proportion of alfalfa in forage, pronamide was superior for increasing seasonal total yield. Late postemergence applications of sethoxydim were more effective for quackgrass regrowth control than earlier spring applications. Controlling quackgrass in late spring resulted in lower crude protein (CP) content in first-cutting forage than did controlling it in fall. Alfalfa competing with untreated quackgrass had a lower CP content than where quackgrass was controlled with herbicides. All herbicide treatments reduced the neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) of the herbage. As measured by the acid-detergent fiber (ADF) concentration of alfalfa, sethoxydim slightly retarded spring growth of the legume.

scholarly journals The Productivity and Quality of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in Romanian Forest Steppe

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai STAVARACHE ◽  
Costel SAMUIL ◽  
Constantin I. POPOVICI ◽  
Doina TARCĂU ◽  
Vasile VÂNTU
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Parameter Values

Alternative use of alfalfa, for various purposes, including the production of biofuels or food supplement for human alimentation, is a study topic still in its early stages of research. Studying and understanding the biology of alfalfa and the factors with a major influence on it are very important activities. The productivity and quality of alfalfa are two indicators that help determine, in addition to economic value, the way in which alfalfa can be used. Evolution of alfalfa yield and quality depends on many factors, such as the growth stage of alfalfa plants at harvesting. It was observed over three years of vegetation the influence of alfalfa plant growth stage at harvest on plant height, leaves/stems ratio, production of leaves, stems and whole plant (DM - dry matter) per hectare and on quality indicators (CP - crude protein, NDF - neutral detergent fiber and ADF - acid detergent fiber). The results showed that, with the advancement of phenological phases, from early bud stage to complete flowering, the total biomass output raised from 2.79 Mg·ha-1 to 4.60 Mg·ha-1, the neutral detergent fiber raised from 48.4-50.6% to 62.0-67.7%, while crude protein content decreased from 21.2-24.0% to 13.3-16.5%. The parameter values were correlated with alfalfa growth stage during the harvesting (significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels).

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of massai grass fertilized with phosphorus and nitrogen and its influence on intake and weight gain of sheep under rotational grazing on quartzipsamment soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Thais Valéria Souza Silva ◽  
Luciano Fernandes Sousa ◽  
Antônio Clementino dos Santos ◽  
Ana Cristina Holanda Ferreira ◽  
Rebeca Rocha Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of phosphate and nitrogen fertilization on aspects of forage composition and ruminal fermentation were separately evaluated pre- and post-grazing, in addition to the dry matter intake and weight gain of sheep grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai under a rotational system on Quartzipsamment soil. The aim was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with different levels of phosphorous (50 and 200 kg P2O5/ha) and nitrogen (100 and 400 kg N/ha) compared to unfertilized control soil. The experiment was conducted at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a factorial 2 × 2 design. The study area consisted of 32 paddocks (301 m²), each of which had previously been sown with Panicum maximum cv. Massai. The experimental area was managed under intermittent stocking with a variable stocking rate. Twenty-eight crossbreed sheep were used for grazing management. Evaluations were made before and after grazing, including forage evaluation and measurement of ruminal degradability and intake (using titanium dioxide as the external marker). Regarding the forage composition, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the control and fertilizer treatments for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, crude protein, lignin and phosphorous content. Fertilization was found to alter the nutritional quality of Panicum maximum cv. Massai grass. Among the nutritional aspects evaluated, fertilization influenced NDF, grass digestibility and dry matter intake. The forage composition of Massai grass is improved by fertilization with nitrogen at 100 kg N/ha and phosphate up to 50 kg P2O5/ha, which represents a relevant management practice for increasing quantity and quality.

Total Alkaloid, Crude Protein, and Fiber Concentrations in Velvet Lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus) Following Herbicide Application

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
M. Coburn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Total alkaloid concentration, percentage water, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber in velvet lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus Dougl. # LUPLE) were monitored for 3 weeks following application of herbicides registered or soon to be registered for rangeland use. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), and clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) caused some signs of epinasty but did not kill velvet lupine. Total alkaloid concentration and nutrient quality of velvet lupine leaves treated with these herbicides was not significantly different from untreated plants. Esters of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid} killed most velvet lupine plants and caused a subsequent decrease in total alkaloid concentration, crude protein, and water content as the plants desiccated. Herbicides that effectively killed velvet lupine decreased alkaloid levels, thus lowering the potential for increased livestock poisoning.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of cactus pear cladodes under different fertilization and harvesting managements

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Gil Mario Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Marcos Neves Lopes ◽  
Theyson Duarte Maranhão ◽  
Dhones Rodrigues de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of combined phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization and of harvesting frequency on the chemical composition of 'Gigante' cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes. The experiment was carried out in two municipalities, Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Fertilization with nitrogen (urea) and phosphorus (single superphosphate) was done with nine doses, respectively: 10 and 70, 70 and 10, 70 and 70, 70 and 130, 100 and 100, 130 and 70, 130 and 130, 130 and 190, and 190 and 130 kg ha-1 per year, besides 100 kg ha-1 N and P2O5 per year as the control. The harvesting frequencies evaluated were annual and biannual. A randomized complete block design was adopted, in split plot, with four replicates. The effect of fertilization on the contents of total dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, and total carbohydrates in the cladodes varies with harvesting frequency and site. Regarding harvesting frequency, there were higher contents of organic matter, total carbohydrates, and neutral detergent fiber, but lower contents of crude protein for the biannual harvesting in both municipalities. Annual harvesting improves the nutritional quality of primary and secondary cladodes in the municipality of Quixadá and of secondary and tertiary cladodes in Tejuçuoca.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

Determination of Quality and Chemical Composition of Silages Obtained from Narbonne Vetch (Vicia narbonensis) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizamettin Turan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicia Narbonensis ◽  
Feed Value

Research was conducted to determine the quality and chemical composition of silages obtained by mixing in different ratios of narbonne vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in rabi season of 2017-2018 in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In the study we studied the pure sowings of barley and narbonne vetch and their mixtures (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80% of narbonne vetch (N) + 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20% of barley (B). The values of ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), DDM (digestible dry matter), DMI (dry matter intake), DM (dry matter), CP (crude protein) and RFV (relative feed value) of silages of analyzed were respectively 33.38, 33.73, 62.89, 3.57, 24.69, 15.50%, 174.64. We also founded that LA (lactic acid), AA (acetic acid), BA (butyric acid), PA (propionic acid) and Ca, P, Mg, K and pH of silages investigated were respectively 1.60, 0.57, 0.42, 0.06, 1.17, 0.53, 0.25, 3.51% and 3.80. Our results shows that silages with high narbonne vetch were higher quality values for CP, ADF, NDF, DM, RFV, DDM, DMI, Ca, Mg, LA which determined chemical composition and feeding quality of silages. As a result, it is suggested that mixture silages with narbonne vetch (80%) and the barley ratio (20%) have important advantages for some properties of silages.

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