Scolytinae y Platypodinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) de dos áreas de conservación en Tabasco, México

The Scolytinae and Platypodinae are group of widely distributed tropical insects that are capable of using a wide range of hosts. The study of diversity associated with conservation sites allows estimating the richness and abundance of species, their population dynamics as well as understanding the population behavior over time. The species richness and abundance of Scolytinae and Platypodinae was studied in the Chontalpa Ecological Reserve (REC) and the José Narciso Rovirosa Botanical Garden (JBU) in Tabasco, Mexico. Insects were captured with ethyl alcohol traps. A total of 7 057 specimens belonging to 46 species and 26 genera were collected and identified; 42 species from 23 genera belong to Scolytinae and four species from three genera to Platypodinae. The species Bothrosternus foveatus (Blackman, 1943); Dendroterus luteolus (Schedl, 1951); Dendrocranulus guatemalensis (Hopkins, 1915); Micracis swainei (Blackman, 1920); Pseudothysanoes tenellus (Wood, 1971) y Ambrosiodmus obliquus (Leconte, 1878) are new records for the state of Tabasco. The species Corthylus papulans Eichhoff, 1869 with 2 509 specimens (35.55); Xyleborus volvulus (Fabricius, 1775) with 1 435 (20.33); and Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868 with 1 061 (15.03) were the most common species, representing 70.9 % of total. The population dynamics of these insects showed its highest peak during February and March with 2 728 specimens in JBU and December with 322 in REC of year 2010.

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Ecological Distribution of Protosteloid Amoebae in New Zealand

10.7287/peerj.preprints.136v1 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Geoffrey Zahn ◽

Stephen L. Stevenson ◽

Frederick W. Spiegel

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

New Zealand ◽

General Pattern ◽

Common Species ◽

Ecological Distribution ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Wide Range ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Study Sites

During the period of March 2004 to December 2007, samples of aerial litter (dead but still attached plant parts) and ground litter were collected from study sites representing a wide range of latitudes (34° S to 50° S) and a variety of different types of habitats throughout New Zealand (including Stewart Island and the Auckland Islands). The objective was to survey the assemblages of protosteloid amoebae present in this region of the world. Twenty-nine described species of protosteloid amoebae were recorded, along with the heterolobesean acrasid, Acrasis rosea. Of the species recovered, Protostelium mycophaga was by far the most abundant and was found in more than half of all samples. Most species were found in fewer than 10% of the samples collected. Seven abundant or common species were found to display significant preferences for aerial litter or ground litter microhabitats. There was some evidence of a general pattern of a decrease in species richness and diversity with increasing latitude and precipitation and elevation.

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Community and infracommunities of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus (Hemiodontidae) from Jari River basin, a tributary of Amazon River (Brazil)

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612021090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Odonei Moia Almeida ◽

Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira ◽

Marcos Tavares-Dias

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

River Basin ◽

Parasite Community ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Amazon River ◽

Metazoan Parasites ◽

Random Dispersion ◽

Northern Brazil ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Over Time

Abstract Parasites are an important part of biodiversity, and knowledge of species and their relationship with their hosts helps in monitoring an ecosystem over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the fauna of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus from the Jari River, in the eastern Amazon region, northern Brazil. Of the fish examined, 96.7% were parasitized by one or more species, and a total of 336 parasites such as Dactylogyridae gen. sp.1, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.2, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.3, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.4, Gyrodactilydae gen. sp., Urocleidoides sp.1, Urocleidoides sp.2, Urocleidoides sp.3, metacercariae of Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Contracaecum sp., Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. The parasite community showed low Brillouin diversity (0.58 ± 0.29), low evenness (0.44 ± 0.21) and low species richness (7.40 ± 3.83). There was a predominance of ectoparasites, mainly monogeneans and digeneans. The parasites showed an aggregate dispersion, except for P. (S.) inopinatus, which had a random dispersion. The size of the hosts had no effect on diversity, species richness and abundance of parasites, but other factors structured the parasite community. This is the first study on the parasite community and infracommunities in H. unimaculatus.

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Bat assemblages in conservation areas of a metropolitan region in Southeastern Brazil, including an important karst habitat

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842013000200011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 309-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

SA Talamoni ◽

DA Coelho ◽

LH Dias-Silva ◽

AS Amaral

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Common Species ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Karst Area ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Vegetation Transition

Species richness and abundance of bats were studied in four nature reserves, including a karst area which has many potential rocky shelters for bats, such as caves and rock crevices. The reserves were located in the greater Belo Horizonte metropolitan area, one of the most populated regions of Brazil, within the Atlantic Forest, and Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) ecological domains. Bats were sampled using mist-nets and, in the karst area, also by active searches in shelters. A total of 1,599 bats were captured representing 30 species belonging to four families. There was little similarity among the four chiropteran faunas. The greatest species richness was found in the karst area with 22 species recorded whereas richness estimates in the other areas indicated the need for further studies. Two hundred and sixty-five individuals of 14 species were captured from 56 shelters. Most of the shelters were frequently used for diurnal roosts, and all the bats found belonged to the Phyllostomidae, with the exception of Myotis nigricans (Vespertilionidae), Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Molossidae) and Peropteryx macrotis (Emballonuridae). The sanguinivorous Desmodus rotundus was the most common species in the shelters. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of maintaining multiple protected areas to ensure a representative fauna of bats in a region characterized by a vegetation transition zone and with intense economic activity and high environmental impact. This study also demonstrates the importance of rock shelters for maintaining local bat richness and the importance of active searches for bats in their diurnal roosts for a more thorough sampling of the bat fauna at a given locality.

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Small mammal populations of an agroecosystem in the Atlantic Forest domain, southeastern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842007000100025 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 179-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

PS. D’Andrea ◽

R. Gentile ◽

LS. Maroja ◽

FA. Fernandes ◽

R. Coura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Species Richness ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Small Mammal ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Common Species ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Small Mammal Community ◽

Population Sizes ◽

Didelphis Aurita

This study reports 2 years of the population dynamics and reproduction of a small mammal community using the removal method. The study was conducted in a rural area of the Atlantic Forest, in Sumidouro, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The population sizes, age structure and reproduction were studied for the four most common species in the study area. The overall diversity was 1.67 and ranged between 0.8 to 1.67. The species richness was 13 considering the whole study. The most abundant species were the rodents Nectomys squamipes (n = 133), Akodon cursor (n = 74), Oligoryzomys nigripes (n = 25) and the marsupials Didelphis aurita (n = 58) and Philander frenatus (n = 50). Seven other rodents were captured once: Necromys lasiurus, Akodon montensis, Sooretamys angouya, Oecomys catherine, Oxymycterus judex, Euryzygomatomys spinosus and Trinomys iheringi. There were higher peaks for diversity and species richness during the winter (dry) months, probably due to higher food availability. The marsupials had a seasonal reproduction with highest population sizes at the end of the rainy seasons. Nectomys squamipes reproduced mostly during rainy periods. Akodon cursor reproduced predominantly in the winter with the highest population peaks occurring during this season. The analysis of the population dynamics of the rodent species indicated that no species behaved as an agricultural pest, probably due to the heterogeneous landscape of high rotativity of vegetable cultivation. Rodent populations were more susceptible to the removal procedure than marsupial ones.

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Distribution of Shrimp and Fish By-Catch Assemblages in the Canadian Eastern Arctic in Relation to Water Circulation

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f90-196 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 1710-1723 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Christiane Hudon

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

General Circulation ◽

Common Species ◽

Water Masses ◽

The Arctic ◽

Labrador Sea ◽

Pink Shrimp ◽

Greenland Halibut ◽

By Catch ◽

Species Richness And Abundance

In the Canadian eastern Arctic, the catches of common species of decapods and fish in bottom trawls reveal a continuum of increasing species richness and abundance in an easterly direction through Hudson Strait. Species richness is greatest in Ungava Bay, where Arctic and Labrador Sea components of the fauna coexist. Over the study area, species could be divided in three associations corresponding to the origin of the predominant water masses: Arctic cod, cottids, zoarcids, and liparids predominate in the Arctic waters of western and central Hudson Strait; Greenland halibut, roughhead grenadier, and three-beard rockling are characteristic of the northern Labrador Sea; pandalid shrimp are abundant in areas of deep (> 300 m), intensely mixed waters near the mouth of Hudson Strait. Pink shrimp (Pandalus borealis) predominates in Davis Strait–Labrador Sea, whereas it is replaced by the striped pink shrimp (P. montagui) in eastern Hudson Strait, reflecting environmental optima in subarctic and Arctic dominated waters, respectively. The yearly catches of striped pink shrimp are highly variable, possibly related to mixing intensity in eastern Hudson Strait. In Canadian Arctic waters, species richness, distribution, and abundance are related to temperature, salinity, mixing, and general circulation of water masses.

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Hawkmoth fauna (Sphingidae, Lepidoptera) in a semi-deciduous rainforest remnant: composition, temporal fluctuations, and new records for northeastern Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652013000300017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 1177-1188 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

LUIS M. PRIMO ◽

JOSE A. DUARTE ◽

ISABEL C. MACHADO

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

New Records ◽

Fragment Size ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

First Time ◽

Insect Group ◽

Group Species

We carried out a qualitative and quantitative inventory of the hawkmoth fauna (Sphingidae) of an area of semi-deciduous seasonal rainforest in the state of Pernambuco (Tapacurá Ecological Station), northeastern Brazil. Hawkmoths were sampled monthly from October 2004 to February 2007 (27 months). We recorded 31 species from 16 genera, three tribes, and three families. Macroglossinae was the most abundant subfamily and represented ca. 71% of all species. Out of the 277 individuals collected, 88.4% were males. Five new records were made for northeastern Brazil: Enyo gorgon (Cramer, 1777), Perigonia stulta (Herrich-Schäffer, [1854]), Eupyrrhoglossum sagra (Poey, 1832), Nyceryx coffaeae (Walker, 1856) and Xylophanes chiron (Drury, 1773). Eight further species were recorded for the first time for the Pernambuco Endemism Center, showing the important role played by Tapacurá Station in preserving the biodiversity of this insect group. Species richness and abundance were directly related to rainfall: about 70% of all individuals were captured during the rainy season. Changes in Sphingidae populations may, however, be caused by other factors that directly affect either larvae and adults of those insects, such as matrix effect and forest fragment size, which influence migration processes and the presence of predators.

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Assessing agri-environmental schemes for semi-natural grasslands during a 5-year period: can we see positive effects for vascular plants and pollinators?

Biodiversity and Conservation ◽

10.1007/s10531-019-01861-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (14) ◽

pp. 3989-4005 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Åke Berg ◽

Erik Cronvall ◽

Åsa Eriksson ◽

Anders Glimskär ◽

Matthew Hiron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

Grazing Intensity ◽

Landscape Composition ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Vegetation Height ◽

Natural Grasslands ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Over Time

Abstract An important function of agri-environmental schemes (AES) is to change management of pastures to better conserve biodiversity. However, the effects of most AES on biodiversity are poorly understood, especially when it comes to effects of AES management over time. The main aim of this study is to investigate if the species richness and abundance of grassland specialists of vascular plants and two important insect pollinator groups (bumblebees and butterflies) differ over time (5 years) in pastures with AES management (two value levels; general values and special values) and pastures without AES management. We also investigate if local vegetation characteristics and landscape composition relate to species richness in semi-natural grasslands. Using data from more than 400 sites we found that species richness of vascular plants (grassland specialists) was higher in pastures with AES management (for special and general values) compared to those without AES, which implies that these schemes do have value of the conservation of plant diversity. However, species richness and abundance of butterflies (grassland specialists) and bumblebees (all species) did not differ significantly among the three AES categories. We found no evidence that the type of AES management caused any changes in species richness of plants, butterflies or bumblebees during the 5 year period of our investigation. It appears that AES management that encourages uniform and minimum levels of grazing can have both positive and negative effects on biodiversity. For example, pollinators may benefit from a lower grazing intensity that could increase flower richness and heterogeneity in vegetation height. However, low grazing intensity may lead to increased cover of trees and shrubs, which can have negative effects for both insect pollinators and vascular plants. The effects of landscape composition were weak and only species richness of bumble bees were associated with landscape composition. Designing management regimes to maintain suitably heterogeneous vegetation layer, and continued long-term monitoring of biodiversity will be critical for safeguarding culturally and functionally important semi-natural grasslands.

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Diversity and distribution of groundwater fauna in a calcrete aquifer: does sampling method influence the story?

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is07058 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Adam Allford ◽

Steven J. B. Cooper ◽

William F. Humphreys ◽

Andrew D. Austin

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Species Richness ◽

Community Structure ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Sampling Bias ◽

Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽

Discrete Interval ◽

Current Sampling ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Western Australian

There has been an increase in the number of studies examining the spatial and temporal patterns in species richness, community structure and population dynamics of groundwater organisms. These studies have raised the issue of uncertainty about the comparability of different sampling methods, and questions of whether sampling bias may exist. Recently, a diverse subterranean fauna was discovered in calcrete (carbonate) aquifers of the Yilgarn Region of central Western Australia. Little is known about the community structure and population dynamics in these aquifers. One important issue is whether current sampling methods adequately sample the species richness and abundance of the fauna to allow for comparative studies. Here we investigate the effectiveness of three sampling methods: haul net sampling, pumping with a 12-V impeller pump, and a discrete interval sampler. The methods were trialled over 16 months with >250 samples taken from 55 uncased bore holes. No significant taxonomic bias was detected across the sampling methods. However, sampling using a haul net was found to be the most efficient method for capturing the available taxa per unit time when sampling bores are less than 10 m deep, with pumping being the least efficient. These results are discussed in relation to the problems of studying stygofauna in Western Australian calcrete aquifers, and of groundwater faunas more generally.

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Island species-area relationships in the Andaman islands emerge because rarer species are disproportionately favored on larger islands

10.1101/857672 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Leana D. Gooriah ◽

Priya Davidar ◽

Jonathan M. Chase

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Common Species ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Island Species ◽

Total Species Richness ◽

Species Area ◽

Using Data ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Total Species

AbstractThe Island Species-Area relationship (ISAR) describes how the number of species increases with increasing size of an island (or island-like habitat), and is of fundamental importance in island biogeography and conservation. Here, we use a framework based on individual-based rarefactions to infer whether ISARs result from random sampling, or whether some process are acting beyond sampling (e.g., disproportionate effects and/or habitat heterogeneity). Using data on total and relative abundances of four taxa (birds, butterflies, amphibians and reptiles) across the Andamans and Nicobar archipelago, we examine how different metrics of biodiversity (total species richness, rarefied species richness, and abundance-weighted effective numbers of species emphasizing common species) vary with island area. Total species richness increased for all taxa, as did rarefied species richness for a given sampling effort. This indicates that the ISAR did not result because of random sampling, but that instead, species were disproportionately favored on larger islands. This disproportionate effect was primarily due to changes in the abundance of rarer species, because there was no effect on the abundance-weighted diversity measure for all taxa except butterflies. Furthermore, for the two taxa for which we had plot-level data (lizards and frogs), within-island β -diversity did not increase with island size, suggesting that heterogeneity effects were unlikely to be driving these ISARS. Overall, our results indicate that the ISAR of these taxa is most likely because rarer species are more likely to survive and persist beyond that which would have been expected by random sampling alone, and emphasizes the role of these larger islands in the preservation and conservation of species.

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