scholarly journals A fjord-like tropical ecosystem, Pacific coast of Costa Rica: overview of research in Golfo Dulce

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Vargas-Zamora ◽  
Eddy Gómez-Ramírez ◽  
Álvaro Morales-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Tropical Ecosystem ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
New Research

Introduction: Coastal ecosystems worldwide are under the influence of local, regional and global stressors, such as pollution, eutrophication and climate change. Golfo Dulce is a relatively pristine and accessible deep tropical ecosystem that provides opportunities for comparative and collaborative research. Objective: To summarize published reports on past research conducted in this ecosystem, identify topics for further study, and suggest new research issues. Methods: A search was made on the web for reports based on research conducted in Golfo Dulce and published in scientific journals. Reports focusing on environmental parameters and on the biota were included. Results: A total of 123 studies that include data from Golfo Dulce are cited. The four topics more frequently addressed were reports based on the results of the R/V Victor Hensen expedition (1993-1994) and follow-up work on microbiology, studies on water parameters, research on vertebrates, and zooplankton studies. The reports focusing on vertical profiles of oxygen and temperature are discussed in detail, followed by those on the biota. Conclusions: Golfo Dulce has low oxygen concentrations below 50 m and is frequently anoxic at the 200 m deep basin with occasional formation of H2S. However, the ecosystem contains a relatively high diversity of identified organisms, from bacteria to whales. Of particular relevance for future studies are multidisciplinary surveys aiming at obtaining data on primary productivity, the diversity and biomass of the main groups of planktonic, demersal and benthic organisms, and the frequency and magnitude of the influx of deep offshore waters over the sill into the basin. These data, as well as the information gathered in the past, are essential for updating the trophic model developed more than 25 years ago and in support of new predictive models on the functioning of the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Giving a Voice to Students with Disabilities to Design Library Experiences: An Ethnographic Study

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Monica Cerdan Chiscano
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Research Project

Although librarians generally display an inclusive management style, barriers to students with disabilities remain widespread. Against this backdrop, a collaborative research project called Inclusive Library was launched in 2019 in Catalonia, Spain. This study empirically tests how involving students with disabilities in the experience design process can lead to new improvements in users’ library experience. A mix of qualitative techniques, namely focus groups, ethnographic techniques and post-experience surveys, were used to gain insights from the 20 libraries and 20 students with disabilities collaborating in the project. Based on the participants’ voices and follow-up experiences, the study makes several suggestions on how libraries can improve their accessibility. Results indicate that ensuring proper resource allocation for accessibility improves students with disabilities’ library experience. Recommendations for library managers are also provided.

scholarly journals Live (Rose Bengal stained) foraminiferal faunas from the northern Arabian Sea: faunal succession within and below the OMZ

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Caulle ◽  
K. A. Koho ◽  
M. Mojtahid ◽  
G. J. Reichart ◽  
F. J. Jorissen
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Organic Input ◽  
The Core ◽  
Northern Arabian Sea ◽  
Transitional Group ◽  
Faunal Succession ◽  
Epistominella Exigua

Abstract. Live (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera from the Murray Ridge, within and below the northern Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), were studied in order to determine the relationship between faunal composition, bottom water oxygenation (BWO), pore water chemistry and organic matter (organic carbon and phytopigment) distribution. A series of multicores were recovered from a ten-station oxygen (BWO: 2–78 μM) and bathymetric (885–3010 m depth) transect during the winter monsoon in January 2009. Foraminifera were investigated from three different size fractions (63–125 μm, 125–150 μm and >150 μm). The larger foraminifera (>125 μm) were strongly dominated by agglutinated species (e.g. Reophax spp.). In contrast, in the 63–125 μm fraction, calcareous taxa were more abundant, especially in the core of the OMZ. On the basis of a principal components analysis, three foraminiferal groups were identified and correlated to the environmental parameters by canonical correspondence analysis. The faunas from the shallowest stations, in the core of the OMZ (BWO: 2 μM), were composed of "low oxygen" species, typical of the Arabian Sea OMZ (e.g. Rotaliatinopsis semiinvoluta, Praeglobobulimina sp., Bulimina exilis, Uvigerina peregrina type parva). These taxa are adapted to the very low BWO conditions and to high phytodetritus supplies. The transitional group, typical for the lower part of the OMZ (BWO: 5–16 μM), is composed of species that are tolerant as well to low-oxygen concentrations, but may be less critical with respect to organic supplies (e.g. Globocassidulina subglobosa, Ehrenbergina trigona). Below the OMZ (BWO: 26–78 μM), where food availability is more limited and becomes increasingly restricted to surficial sediments, cosmopolitan calcareous taxa were present, such as Bulimina aculeata, Melonis barleeanus, Uvigerina peregrina and Epistominella exigua. Miliolids were uniquely observed in this last zone, reflecting the higher BWO and/or lower organic input. At these deeper sites, the faunas exhibit a clear succession of superficial, intermediate and deep infaunal microhabitats, which can be linked to the deeper oxygen and nitrate penetration into the sediment.

Research Approaches in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharrenos Bratitsis ◽  
Stavros Demetriadis
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Online Distance Education ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
How People Learn ◽  
Online Distance ◽  
New Research

Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is concerned with how people learn when working and interacting in groups with the assistance of ICTs. The field involves collaboration, computer mediation, online – distance education which raises interesting theoretical considerations regarding the actual studying of learning within CSCL settings. Being a rather interdisciplinary research field in nature, it has a long history of controversy about its theory, methods, and definition. In this editorial, through a quick review of the literature the diversity of issues examined under the CSCL research field becomes obvious. Moreover, an attempt to categorize these research issues is made. In this vein, the four interesting contributions of this Special Issue, regarding theoretical perspectives and issues of research of the field, are introduced. They comply with the distinguished categories, but they open new research borders as well.

scholarly journals Live foraminiferal faunas (Rose Bengal stained) from the northern Arabian Sea: links with bottom-water oxygenation

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 15257-15304 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Caulle ◽  
K. A. Koho ◽  
M. Mojtahid ◽  
G. J. Reichart ◽  
F. J. Jorissen
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
The Core ◽  
Northern Arabian Sea ◽  
Transitional Group ◽  
Epistominella Exigua

Abstract. Live (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera from the Murray Ridge, within and below the northern Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ), were studied in order to determine the relationship between faunal composition, bottom-water oxygenation (BWO), pore-water chemistry and organic matter (organic carbon and phytopigment) distribution. A series of multicores were recovered from a ten-station oxygen (BWO: 2–78 μM) and bathymetric (885–3010 m depth) transect during the winter monsoon in January 2009. Foraminifera were investigated from three different size fractions (63–125 μm, 125–150 μm and > 150 μm). The larger foraminifera (> 125 μm) were strongly dominated by agglutinated species (e.g. Reophax spp.). In contrast, in the 63–125 μm fraction, calcareous taxa were more abundant, especially in the core of the OMZ, suggesting an opportunistic behaviour. On the basis of a Principal Component Analysis, three foraminiferal groups were identified, reflecting the environmental parameters along the study transect. The faunas from the shallowest stations, in the core of the OMZ (BWO: 2 μM), were composed of "low oxygen" species, typical of the Arabian Sea OMZ (e.g., Rotaliatinopsis semiinvoluta, Praeglobobulimina spp. , Bulimina exilis, Uvigerina peregrina typeparva). These taxa are adapted to the very low BWO conditions and to high phytodetritus supplies. The transitional group, typical for the lower part of the OMZ (BWO: 5–16 μM), is composed of more cosmopolitan taxa tolerant to low-oxygen concentrations (Globocassidulina subglobosa, Ehrenbergina trigona). Below the OMZ (BWO: 26–78 μM), where food availability is more limited and becomes increasingly restricted to surficial sediments, more cosmopolitan calcareous taxa were present, such as Bulimina aculeata, Melonis barleeanus, Uvigerina peregrina and Epistominella exigua. Miliolids were uniquely observed in this last group, reflecting the higher BWO. At these deeper sites, the faunas exhibit a clear depth succession of superficial, intermediate and deep-infaunal microhabitats, because of the deeper oxygen and nitrate penetration into the sediment.

Different Approaches to Economic and Social Changes: New Research Issues, Sources and Results

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional Committee ◽  
New Research ◽  
High Level ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This series was launched in 2021 by the Working Group of Economic and Social History of the Pécs Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to present research conducted within its framework. The foreign language edition is meant to be a contribution to the internationalization of research made in Hungary. The Working Group has made every effort since the publication of the first two volumes to allow its members, and also their Ph.D. students, to publish their findings more easily and in larger volume, providing at the same time an opportunity for other professionals in the region of South Transdanubia to publish their researches. The majority of the studies in this book, similarly to the first volume of the series, are about the history of the region, but some of the papers go beyond this theme. The diversity of the papers created an inspiring environment for the authors, which in turn has greatly stimulated the already existing professional cooperation among them. Both the editors and the authors find it very important to popularise the economic and social history of the region as broadly as possible, in line with the ambitions of the Pécs Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In addition, this book also promotes the cooperation among generations of researchers; it is not only the young that enjoy the support of their senior colleagues but the ideas and momentum of the younger generation also keep the activity of the Working Group at a high level. It is due to the well-functioning generational discussions, among other things, that several young researchers earned their Ph.D. degree in 2021. The framework of the studies in the broader sense is the economic and social history of Hungary and Europe in the 18th – 20th centuries. The papers in this volume also provide information about the development and current phases of the different pieces of research. Several papers are sequels to publications released in 2021 from a chronological or thematic aspect, however the book contains brand new topics as well. Great significance is attributed to the fact that several renowned international members of the research network of the Working Group were also persuaded to publish. The results of some ongoing Ph.D. research are also presented. The high number of young authors is a proof that the professional interest in economic and social history is not decreasing at all. We do hope that this book will contribute to the maintenance of this trend.

scholarly journals One-year outcomes in a multicentre cohort study of incident rare diffuse parenchymal lung disease in children (ChILD)

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Cunningham ◽  
Catriona Graham ◽  
Morag MacLean ◽  
Paul Aurora ◽  
Michael Ashworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Child Survivors ◽  
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease ◽  
Multicentre Cohort Study ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time

We performed a prospective, observational, cohort study of children newly diagnosed with children’s interstitial lung disease (ChILD), with structured follow-up at 4, 8, 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months. 127 children, median age 0.9 (IQR 0.3–7.9) years had dyspnoea (68%, 69/102), tachypnoea (75%, 77/103) and low oxygen saturation (SpO2) median 92% (IQR 88–96). Death (n=20, 16%) was the most common in those <6 months of age with SpO2<94% and developmental/surfactant disorders. We report for the first time that ChILD survivors improved multiple clinical parameters within 8–12 weeks of diagnosis. These data can inform family discussions and support clinical trial measurements.

A Survey of Distance Education Challenges and Technologies

2007 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Shih ◽  
Jason C. Hung ◽  
Jianhua Ma ◽  
Qun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Virtual University ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Educational Professionals ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
E Learning ◽  
New Research

Distance education, e-learning, and virtual university are similar terms for a trend of modern education. It is an integration of information technologies, computer hardware systems, and communication tools to support educational professionals in remote teaching. This chapter presents an overview of distance education from the perspective of policy, people, and technology. A number of questions frequently asked in distance learning panel discussions are presented, with the suggested answers from the authors. The survey presented in this chapter includes communication, intelligent, and educational technologies of distance education. Readers of this chapter are academic researchers and engineers who are interested in new research issues of distance education, as well as educators and general participants who are seeking for new solutions.

scholarly journals Designing Collaborative Research: The Exploration of Common Purposes to Foster the Generation of Cross-Disciplinary Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2219-2228
Author(s):  
Juliette Brun ◽  
Chloé Salembier ◽  
Benjamin Loubet ◽  
Alexandra Jullien
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
New Research ◽  
Innovation Processes

AbstractDespite the increasing demand to develop cross-disciplinary research projects, designing collaborative research still prove to be difficult due to both scientific specialization and organizational issues. In this paper, we explore how innovative design dynamics can be developed between researchers to collectively build research projects that could become common purposes for collaboration. This work relies on a case study led with the newly formed Eco&Phy research team, who applied an innovative design process to initiate collaboration and design its scientific agenda for the next 5 years. This process was built based on both KCP and matching-building methodologies: it included an initialization phase, during which the team strategically chose topics to be explored, and exploration phases, during which researchers collectively developed new knowledge and concepts to build cross-disciplinary projects. At the end of the design process, the team had developed two new research lines that were integrated in its official agenda. In conclusion, the article discusses the relevance of design approaches to develop original collaborative research through dedicated innovation processes.

scholarly journals Biogeochemistry of the North Atlantic during oceanic anoxic event 2: role of changes in ocean circulation and phosphorus input

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ruvalcaba Baroni ◽  
R. P. M. Topper ◽  
N. A. G. M. van Helmond ◽  
H. Brinkhuis ◽  
C. P. Slomp
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract. The geological record provides evidence for the periodic occurrence of water column anoxia and formation of organic-rich deposits in the North Atlantic Ocean during the mid-Cretaceous (hereafter called the proto-North Atlantic). Both changes in primary productivity and oceanic circulation likely played a role in the development of the low-oxygen conditions. Several studies suggest that an increased input of phosphorus from land initiated oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). Other proposed mechanisms invoke a vigorous upwelling system and an ocean circulation pattern that acted as a trap for nutrients from the Pacific Ocean. Here, we use a detailed biogeochemical box model for the proto-North Atlantic to analyse under what conditions anoxia could have developed during OAE2 (94 Ma). The model explicitly describes the coupled water, carbon, oxygen and phosphorus cycles for the deep basin and continental shelves. In our simulations, we assume the vigorous water circulation from a recent regional ocean model study. Our model results for pre-OAE2 and OAE2 conditions are compared to sediment records of organic carbon and proxies for photic zone euxinia and bottom water redox conditions (e.g. isorenieratane, carbon/phosphorus ratios). Our results show that a strongly elevated input of phosphorus from rivers and the Pacific Ocean relative to pre-OAE2 conditions is a requirement for the widespread development of low oxygen in the proto-North Atlantic during OAE2. Moreover, anoxia in the proto-North Atlantic is shown to be greatly influenced by the oxygen concentration of Pacific bottom waters. In our model, primary productivity increased significantly upon the transition from pre-OAE2 to OAE2 conditions. Our model captures the regional trends in anoxia as deduced from observations, with euxinia spreading to the northern and eastern shelves but with the most intense euxinia occurring along the southern coast. However, anoxia in the central deep basin is difficult to achieve in the model. This suggests that the ocean circulation used in the model may be too vigorous and/or that anoxia in the proto-North Atlantic was less widespread than previously thought.

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