scholarly journals Feeding habits of Holothuria (Stauropora) fuscocinerea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in a Mexican Pacific reef

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
Brenda Maya-Alvarado ◽  
Laura-Georgina Calva-Benítez ◽  
Rebeca Granja-Fernández ◽  
Jessica Pérez-López ◽  
Andrés López-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Percentage Similarity ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The importance of holothuroids in marine ecosystems is related to their feeding activities, which have been little studied in the eastern Pacific. Objective: To describe the feeding habits of the sea cucumber Holothuria (Stauropora) fuscocinerea and their bioturbation potential in La Entrega reef, México. Methods: The population size of H. (Stauropora) fuscocinerea was determined by means of four 20 x 4 m (320 m2) band transects, while the available sediment for the sea cucumbers and their feces were characterized in three stations (A-C) via granulometry and quantification of organic carbon and organic matter. Excretion rate was determined every 4 hr over a 24 hr period and the relationship between sea cucumber length and biomass and the excretion rate evaluated. Results: According to non-parametric permutation, ordination and percentage similarity analyses, sea cucumber feces mostly comprised a large proportion of small grains compared to the available sediment, indicating that H. (Stauropora) fuscocinerea is selective on grain size. Preliminary bioturbation potential of the species may reach up to 8.71 ± 0.17 kg day of sediment in the study area. Conclusion: The spatial distribution of H. (Stauropora) fuscocinerea in the study area is a product of its selective feeding activity, evidencing the preliminary importance of the species in the trophic dynamics of La Entrega reef.

scholarly journals Feeding of Pellona flavipinnis (Clupeiformes, Pristigasteridae)in a Central Amazonian floodplain

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra S. Moreira-Hara ◽  
Jansen A. S. Zuanon ◽  
Sidineia A. Amadio
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
High Water ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
High Water Period ◽  
Hydrological Cycles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Floodplain Area

The feeding habits of Pellona flavipinnis (Valenciennes, 1836) at Catalão, a floodplain area on the Brazilian Central Amazon was studied. Data was obtained during three hydrological cycles, between September 1999 and September 2003. Diet composition, daily and seasonal variation in the feeding activity and the relationship between predator's size and its prey were analyzed. Almost 80% of the food consumed has autochthonous origin and diet was composed basically by insects and fish. Juvenile fish predominated in the stomach contents of all size classes but there was no significant relationship between predator's size and its prey. Pellona flavipinnis may be considered a carnivorous species which feeds mainly on juvenile (young-of-the-year) specimens of other fish. More intense feeding activity occurred at night and in the high water period.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the diet composition and its relation to morphological characteristics in Achirus mazatlanus and Syacium ovale (Pleuronectiformes: Osteichthyes) from a Mexican Pacific coastal lagoon

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Carolina Padilla-Gutierrez ◽  
Gaspar González-Sansón ◽  
Consuelo María Aguilar-Betancourt ◽  
Juan Ramón Flores-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Foraging Theory ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Food Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to investigate differences in diet composition between Achirus mazatlanus and Syacium ovale, two flatfishes inhabiting in a tropical coastal lagoon and to investigate the relationship of their feeding habits to size, body morphometry and mouths characteristics. Fish were collected during sampling trips conducted regularly from 2011 to 2016 using several types of fishing gear. Total number of analyzed stomachs with some food content was 328 for Achirus mazatlanus from 1.4 to 21.3 cm total length (TL) and 203 for Syacium ovale with 1.3 to 24.0 cm TL. Results indicate that both species share a general diet based on benthic invertebrates and fishes but S. ovale has a more piscivorous habit, which can be explained by a more slender body shape and larger teeth, characteristics which increase prey fish catching performance. Important changes in composition of food categories related to size were not found for any species, but larger fish of both species eat larger ranges of prey sizes, and this ontogenetic change is consistent with recent developments on optimal foraging theory.

Bionomic of Anopheles sp. in Merauke District, Papua

SCISCITATIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Rahardjo ◽  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita ◽  
Marlen Aviati Sarah Pepiana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Habitual Behavior

Malaria is known as an endemic disease that often causes death in Indonesia, especially in Papua. The malaria cases control in Papua has not been carried on based on data studies, therefore bionomic of Anopheles sp is important to be studied. Bionomics data are consisted of breeding places, resting places and feeding habits are from direct observation. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted to gain information about respondent behavior. Descriptive and qualitative data were then analyzed. The breeding places of Anopheles sp. were mostly found in swampy areas. Based on the feeding habit, the feeding activity of Anopheles sp. inside the house has only one biting peak at 23.00-02.00 WIT, while outside the house, biting peaks occurred at 21.00-22.00 WIT and 00.00-01.00 WIT. Resting place data shown that Anopheles sp. mostly found in piles of clothes and shoe racks. Recorded factors that affect mosquitos bionomics are temperature, humidity, salinity, pH, community behavior, and the presence of livestock. Environmental factors (temperature, humidity, salinity, and pH), habitual behavior of host (3M action, the habit of using insect repellent, mosquito repellent, and mosquito nets), the presence of livestock, and the type of bait blood type affect mosquito activity.

Encephalization in Chiroptera

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Pirlot ◽  
Heinz Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Median Position ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The brain weights of 51 species of Chiroptera belonging to 10 families were compared using the allometry formula and based on the brain weights of some of the most primitive recent Insectivores. Estimates for the degree of encephalization of the various systematic and dietary groups of bats were given in the form of progression indices. A certain amount of between-group overlap was observed.The lowest encephalized group is formed by the Emballonuridae, Molossidae, Vespertilionidae, Rhinolophidae, and Hipposideridae; a median position is occupied by the Nycteridae and Phyllostomatidae; and the highest position by the Desmodontidae and Pteropidae. The Noctilionidae are present in the lowest as well as in the highest groups in relation to differences in feeding habits of the various species. The following ascending order of encephalization was found: insect-eating forms, nectar feeders, frugivorous Microchiroptera, piscivorous species, bloodsuckers, and frugivorous Megachiroptera.The encephalization indices for the Chiroptera do not exceed the upper limit attained by progressive Insectivores while they reach to some extent into the lowest zone of the Prosimians.Before one can ascertain the true nature of the relationship between systematic and dietary groups and encephalization, a detailed investigation of the brain structures in various species must be carried out; this is now being done.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the brains in pleuronectidae

1937 ◽  
Vol 122 (828) ◽  
pp. 308-343 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
The Family ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Part I. The Medulla Oblongata, And Its Variations Acoording To Diet And Feeding Habits In previous communications to this Society the relationship of the habits of feeding and diet to the form and pattern of the medulla oblongata has been described in the cyprinoids, clupeids, and gadoids (Evans, 1931, 1932, 1935). This research takes up a similar study of the brain of the Pleuronectidae. The expense has been borne by a grant from the Royal Society for which the author tenders his grateful thanks. It has seemed to be desirable to extend the observations to the fore- and mid-brain, as in some members of the family these present a very marked development. In order to elucidate some of the problems that arise I have also studied the brain of the eel, and some interesting conclusions have resulted. We find, as a result of examination by the naked eye and of serial sections, that we can divide the following species into four groups as follows: I. The sole, Solea vulgaris .

Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Random Forest Models ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Diurnal Species ◽  
Tracking Period

<em>Abstract.</em>—Understanding the diel activity of a species can shed light on potential interactions with other species and inform management practices. To understand the diel activity of Northern Snakehead <em>Channa argus</em>, feeding habits and movement patterns were observed. Two hundred seventy-three Northern Snakehead were captured by boat electrofishing during May and June of 2007 and 2008. Their gut contents were extracted and preserved. The level of digestion of each prey item was estimated from fresh (1) to >50% digested (4) or empty (5). Random forest models were used to predict feeding activity based on time of day, tide level, date, water temperature, fish total length, and sex. Diel movement patterns were assessed by implanting Northern Snakehead with radio transmitters and monitoring them every 1.5 h for 24 h in both March and July 2007. Movement rates were compared between March and July and among four daily time periods. Independent variables accounted for only 6% of the variation in feeding activity; however, temporal feeding patterns were apparent. No fresh items were observed in guts between 12:30 and 7:30 am, and the proportion of empty stomachs increased at the end of May coinciding with the onset of spawning. Overall, fish moved greater distances during the July tracking period compared to March. Fish showed a greater propensity to move during daylight hours than at night during the March tracking period. A similar but nonsignificant (<EM>P </EM>> 0.05) pattern was observed in July. Movement and feeding data both indicated greater activity during daylight hours than at night, suggesting that Northern Snakehead is a diurnal species. Based on our preliminary findings, we hypothesize that a) diurnal species are more susceptible than nocturnal species to predation by Northern Snakehead and b) Northern Snakehead are more likely to compete for food with diurnal than nocturnal predators.

scholarly journals Trophic niche breadth of pond zooplankton species using stable isotope analysis and the relationship with the abiotic and biotic factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 180917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Doi ◽  
Kwang-Hyeon Chang ◽  
Shin-ichi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Ecosystem Size ◽  
The Relationship

Zooplankton species have different feeding habits, but the diversity of their food resources and the factors governing them are still largely unknown. We here estimated the differences in the trophic niche breadths of dominant zooplankton species in ponds, using stable isotopes. To understand the differences in trophic niches of different zooplankton species, we measured the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and calculated the nearest-neighbour distance (NND), and standard deviation of NND (SDNND) of the bi-plot space of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in pond zooplankton. We tested the relationship between the NND/SDNND and environmental factors, as well as the zooplankton biomass, using generalized linear models (GLMs). For cladocerans, including Bosmina, Ceriodaphnia and Daphnia, the NNDs were significantly correlated with the biomass, pond morphology (volume and depth), total phosphorous (TP) and fish presence. For copepod species, including Eodiaptomus and cyclopoids, NNDs were significantly correlated with pond morphology, TP and fish presence, but not with biomass. In GLMs of SDNND, significant correlated factors were less than those for NND, and for some species, pond morphology and TP were significantly correlated with SDNND. Here, we found that the NND and SDNND of zooplankton species were related to various factors, including their biomass, predator presence, pond size and water quality. For cladocerans, biomass may be supported by trophic niche breadth, probably because of the consequences of resource competition. Also, predation and ecosystem size may influence trophic niche breadth due to changes in zooplankton behaviours.

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