scholarly journals Feeding of Pellona flavipinnis (Clupeiformes, Pristigasteridae)in a Central Amazonian floodplain

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra S. Moreira-Hara ◽  
Jansen A. S. Zuanon ◽  
Sidineia A. Amadio
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
High Water ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
High Water Period ◽  
Hydrological Cycles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Floodplain Area

The feeding habits of Pellona flavipinnis (Valenciennes, 1836) at Catalão, a floodplain area on the Brazilian Central Amazon was studied. Data was obtained during three hydrological cycles, between September 1999 and September 2003. Diet composition, daily and seasonal variation in the feeding activity and the relationship between predator's size and its prey were analyzed. Almost 80% of the food consumed has autochthonous origin and diet was composed basically by insects and fish. Juvenile fish predominated in the stomach contents of all size classes but there was no significant relationship between predator's size and its prey. Pellona flavipinnis may be considered a carnivorous species which feeds mainly on juvenile (young-of-the-year) specimens of other fish. More intense feeding activity occurred at night and in the high water period.

scholarly journals Food Plants Eaten by Amazonian Manatees (Trichechus inunguis, Mammalia : Sirenia)

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioni G. Colares ◽  
Elton P. Colares
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
High Water ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Reference Collection ◽  
High Water Period ◽  
Echinochloa Polystachya ◽  
Paspalum Repens

To determine the feeding habits of the Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis in some Central Amazonian rivers and lakes, we compared plant epidermis found in the stomach contents and/or faeces of animals with a reference collection of plants present in the studied areas. Twenty five samples from digestive tracts of animals found dead and 25 faeces samples found floating were analyzed. From these samples, 24 aquatic macrophytes were identified. The Gramineae family was identified in 96% of the samples, Paspalum repens and Echinochloa polystachya being the most abundant in the samples. The second most frequent family was the Pontederiaceae primarily Eichhornia crassipes. During the high water period, the animals showed a more selective diet (eight identified species). In the low water period, when food was more scarce, the animals showed a larger diversity of species in their diet (21 species of plants). Differences in the diet among the two studied areas reflected the physiographics characteristics of the region. Amazonian manatees fed mostly on emergent plants.

Feeding of tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae) in the north-east Mediterranean

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Stagioni ◽  
Stefano Montanini ◽  
Maria Vallisneri
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Prey

The stomach contents of 1096 specimens of Chelidonichthys lucerna were examined in order to analyse their diet composition according to fish size, sex, depth and season. Sampling was carried out from May 2005 to March 2007 during several bottom trawl surveys in the Adriatic Sea (north-east Mediterranean). Feeding activity was more intense in juveniles than in adults. The most important prey was Crustacea (mainly Decapoda: Brachyura, such as Goneplax rhomboides, Liocarcinus spp., Philocheras spp.) and Teleostei (mainly European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and black goby Gobius niger). There was no difference between male and female diet. Feeding habits varied with size, with fish dominating the stomach contents of larger specimens. Finally, fish increased in winter and crustaceans in summer. Chelidonichthys lucerna shows a generalist and opportunistic foraging behaviour, preying mainly epibenthic and nectobenthic organisms.

scholarly journals Diet of the wild boar (Sus scrofa): implications for management in forest-agricultural and urban environments in South Korea

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Min Lee ◽  
Eun-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Relationship

The wild boar is one of the most widely distributed in the world. In South Korea, the wild boar population has rapidly increased and their habitat use has expanded from forests to urban environments. This expansion has led to increased conflicts with humans, such as the severe damaging of crops and the attacking of people in urban areas. We assessed the stomach contents of wild boar killed by hunters in two different environments in Geochang and Seoul, South Korea, from 2012 to 2017. We compared the feeding habits between sites and between seasons and explored the relationship between the number of earthworms and the main diet. The diet of wild boars inhabiting the two environments were found to differ and vary seasonally. Wild boar in Geochang preferred crops, when available, to natural food resources. Although wild boar in Seoul also preferred crops, they had a higher composition of natural food in their diets because of a low availability of crops. The preference of crops and discarded food waste in urban areas is expected to have accelerated the appearance of wild boar in urban areas. The consumption of earthworms did not differ between the two study sites, but it did differ seasonally due to availability. The number of earthworms was significantly negatively correlated with crop availability in both sites. Effective management plans that involve targeted hunting by baiting with food in Seoul and direct hunting in the fall in Geochang should be implemented to resolve the human–wild boar conflicts in these areas.

scholarly journals FEEDING HABITS OF Lutjanus synagris (TELEOSTEI: LUTJANIDAE) IN THE AMAZON COAST OF THE NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackellynne Fernanda Farias FERNANDES ◽  
Jailza FREITAS ◽  
Yago Bruno Silveira NUNES ◽  
Rafael Santos LOBATO ◽  
Marina Bezerra FIGUEIREDO
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
The Relationship

The feeding habit of lane snapper Lutjanus synagris was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, related to seasonality, its ontogenetic development, and the relationship between food and biotic and abiotic conditions on the Amazon Coast of Maranhão, between June 2018 and May 2019. Numerical, gravimetric, and ecological index methods were used to show the relative importance or preference of a category or food item in the diet. The food composition was studied related to the sex, size of the predator and seasonality. Of 359 stomachs sampled, 54 were empty due to regurgitation and presented a vacuity coefficient (Cv%) of 15.04%. In the analysis of diets between the sexes, it was possible to identify a greater participation of fish (30.43%) and Crabs (26.10%) for females, Shrimp (36.23%) and Organic Matter Not Identified (OMNI) (18.84%) in males. The diet showed spatial differences in length distributions. The analysis of stomach contents showed the presence synthetic materials (mesoplastics ranging from 5.0 mm to 2.5 cm) in 5.52% of the samples. The main food items found were from the Brachyura and Caridea species. The results clearly demonstrate that lane snapper prefers benthic prey, presenting a carnivorous and generalist-opportunistic habit. Its diet is also composed of demersal-pelagic species, such as Cephalopods and Teleost fish.

scholarly journals Feeding Habits of Different Fish Species in Negombo Lagoon

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Neetha Punchihewa ◽  
M.P.C. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Plant Matter

To investigate the feeding habits of different fish species in Negombo lagoon, fish species were collected from Kadolkele and Liyanagemulla sites during February 2015 to July 2015 using a drag net. Collected specimens were preserved in 5% formalin. Later, the fish specimens were dissected, and stomach contents were mixed with water to make a suspension. One ml of suspension was added to the Sedgewick Rafter cell, and examined under the light microscope. The occurrence %, volume %, numbers %, and the Relative Importance Values (RIV) were calculated. The gut contents of 62 samples from 12 fish species were analyzed; 11 species were found to feed on mangroves, 10 on seagrasses, and 8 on filamentous algae. 13 food items were identified. Most of the analysed fish were categorized as omnivores and opportunistic feeders. The juvenile fish mainly feed on a combination of mangroves, seagrasses and filamentous algae. Apart from plant matter, the juvenile fish were found to feed upon Cyclops sp. and mysids. Although Hemirhamphus marginatus is an omnivore, it specially fed on mangroves, seagrasses and filamentous algae. Furthermore, H. marginatus consumed common food items in both habitats except mangroves and molluscs, and the shifting of its diet was depended on the availability of food. The broadest niche breadth was recorded by H. marginatus and the shortest niche breadth by the herbivorous fish species, Siganus vermiculatus and Liza macrolepis. Caranx sexfasciatus exhibited an ontogenetic shift in their diet. The smaller C. sexfasciatus was a carnivore and the larger individuals of the same species were herbivores.

scholarly journals Seasonal analysis of food items and feeding habits of endangered riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822)

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Haque ◽  
S. Paul ◽  
M. A. S. Jewel ◽  
U. Atique ◽  
A. K. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mouth Size ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Seasonal Analysis

Abstract This investigation presents the food and feeding activity of and endangered riverine catfish Rita rita, during February 2017-January 2018. A total of 225 fish individuals was analyzed for stomach contents by characterizing the dominant food items and morphometric features. The results divulged ten major food items consumed, preferably fish scales and eggs, teleost fishes, copepods, cladocerans, rotifers, and mollusks. Total length and body weight of fish varied between 9-34 cm (20.53 ± 6.90 cm) and 10-400 g (9125.94 ± 102.07 g), respectively. The index of relative importance (IRI%) showed the importance of rotifers over the other food items. Morisita’s index of diet overlap indicated seasonal variations in catfish diets with summer and monsoon displaying the least overlap, while maximum overlap during monsoon and winter seasons. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) indicated the close association between the food items available during summer and winter seasons with a significant difference among the seasons (ANOSIM, R = 0.638, P = 0.013). Levin’s niche breadth index arranged in the order of 0.88>0.81>0.78>0.63>0.43 for the size classes of V, IV, III, II and I, respectively. The PCA explained 95.39% of the total variance among the food items and fish size groups. Small-sized fish individuals displayed a greater correlation with food items suitable for their mouth size. In conclusion, the variety and frequency of food items recorded indicated considerable feeding plasticity and opportunistic feeding behavior with a shift from carnivorous to omnivorous feeding nature. This study could render useful information on the food and feeding habits of R. rita and provide background for preparing its diet for future aquaculture practices.

scholarly journals Feeding habits of Holothuria (Stauropora) fuscocinerea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in a Mexican Pacific reef

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
Brenda Maya-Alvarado ◽  
Laura-Georgina Calva-Benítez ◽  
Rebeca Granja-Fernández ◽  
Jessica Pérez-López ◽  
Andrés López-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Percentage Similarity ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The importance of holothuroids in marine ecosystems is related to their feeding activities, which have been little studied in the eastern Pacific. Objective: To describe the feeding habits of the sea cucumber Holothuria (Stauropora) fuscocinerea and their bioturbation potential in La Entrega reef, México. Methods: The population size of H. (Stauropora) fuscocinerea was determined by means of four 20 x 4 m (320 m2) band transects, while the available sediment for the sea cucumbers and their feces were characterized in three stations (A-C) via granulometry and quantification of organic carbon and organic matter. Excretion rate was determined every 4 hr over a 24 hr period and the relationship between sea cucumber length and biomass and the excretion rate evaluated. Results: According to non-parametric permutation, ordination and percentage similarity analyses, sea cucumber feces mostly comprised a large proportion of small grains compared to the available sediment, indicating that H. (Stauropora) fuscocinerea is selective on grain size. Preliminary bioturbation potential of the species may reach up to 8.71 ± 0.17 kg day of sediment in the study area. Conclusion: The spatial distribution of H. (Stauropora) fuscocinerea in the study area is a product of its selective feeding activity, evidencing the preliminary importance of the species in the trophic dynamics of La Entrega reef.

scholarly journals The Feeding Habits of Plaice Post-Larvae in the Southern Bight

1953 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Shelbourne
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Oikopleura Dioica ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Southern Bight ◽  
Total Feeding

An examination was made of the stomach contents of plaice post-larvae taken from the Southern Bight spawning ground in the spring of 1950. They were found to be feeding mainly on a soft-bodied prey, which left characteristically shaped faecal pellets and an undigested matrix vesicle as the only evidence of its nature. Pellets from the post-larvae compared closely in shape with those of Oikopleura dioica, found in the plankton of the spawning area during the period of post-larval development.In 1951, undigested Oikopleura were seen in the oesophageal regions of a few dissected specimens, in addition to typical indigestible remains in a large proportion of the total feeding post-larvae examined.Records for 1946 suggest a similar exploitation of the Oikopleura population by plaice post-larvae, although the phenomenon was not repeated in 1947, when inclement weather may have interfered with the annual outburst of this prey.The phenomenon of food selection by plaice post-larvae is discussed, with special reference to the part that vulnerability may play in limiting the number of species of prey available as food.A feature of this and other investigations on post-larval feeding, was the occurrence of a high proportion of empty stomachs. An experiment designed to test a regurgitation hypothesis, revealed the existence of a marked diurnal pattern of feeding activity, apparently influenced by light conditions. The importance of light in feeding behaviour was confirmed by tank experiments. In this investigation a large proportion of the empty stomachs encountered can be explained by reference to diurnal fluctuations in feeding activity, supporting the view that plaice post-larvae are visual feeders.

scholarly journals The body mass index is influenced by the environment in populations of Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Adrián Alonso Durán
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Availability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Water Period ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Morphological Variable

Bats are the second most diverse taxa of mammals in the world, after rodents. Some studies have evaluated if there is a relationship between the environment and the morphology of bats, because environmental conditions can have an important influence on the phenotype of the species. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between a morphological variable (body mass index - BMI) of populations of the species Artibeus planirostris and the environment, considering the climatic variation in two hydrographic basins of the center of the Brazilian Amazon. The hypothesis is that the BMI responds to the environmental variables of each site. This will be higher during the rainy season and in the high water period, responding to a high availability of resources, according to studies carried out in the same region. 400 bats were captured, of which 180 were males and 220 were females. Although the index seemed to show differences considering the sex of the individuals, both in the Madeiras river basin (ANOVA: gl = 1, F = 6.90, P = .00) and in the Purus river (ANOVA: gl = 1, F = 3.95, P = .01), there was no significant difference between the BMI and the different environments, considering the climate season. It is concluded that, in this study, no evidence was found to support the hypothesis about the influence of the environment on BMI in populations of the bat species Artibeus planirostris in the center of the Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals VARIASI TEMPORAL MAKANAN IKAN SEPAT LAYANG (Trichogaster leerii, Blkr. 1852) DI HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT DESA DADAHUP, KALIMANTAN TENGAH

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zahid ◽  
MF. Rahardjo ◽  
Sutrisno Sukimin ◽  
Lenny S. Syafei
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
High Water ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
High Water Period ◽  
Forest District

Changes in habitat quality and resource availability associated with seasonal variation in hydrology strongly influences ecological interactions. The study was conducted from July to December 2007 which aiming to described prey item of Trichogaster leerii in peatswamp forest district of Dadahup, Central Kalimantan based on temporal variation (low and high water period). Each month, research zone, and size classes; the stomach contents on consisted predominantly of periphyton, such as Diatoma; Fragillaria; Nitzschia; Navicula; and Tabellaria. Diatoma was the dominance in the stomach contents and prey-selectively ingested of T. leerii. Size classes-based, the diet of T. leerii was least similar during falling and rising water. Feeding strategy of T. leerii was generalized. No different of diet breadth during the low- and the high-water period. Diet overlap between pairs of size classes of T. leerii was high in low- and high water period.

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