scholarly journals Assessment of morphological variations in wild populations of Nile tilapia from South West Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
O.M. Popoola ◽  
A. Ebiwonjumi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
South West ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract. The pattern of morphological variations among Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cichlidae; Teleostei) from three populations from South West Nigeria (Asejire reservoir, Ureje reservoir and Ogbese River were examined (n=10 speciments from each water body) with a view to investigate the genetic diversity using morphometrics and meristics indices. In general, 77.22% of the total variation in the sampled populations is from first principal component (PC1) and the characters that contributed to this variation are with pre-dorsal length, pre-pectoral length, pre-anal length, dorsal spine length and anal spine length. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) showed that O. niloticus populations from the three water bodies formed a separate cluster from each other and that there was an intersection between the Asejire and Ureje reservoirs samples and the Asejire reservoir with Ogbese River samples. However, the samples from Ureje reservoir and Ogbese River had no intersection. Cluster analysis revealed two major clusters with Ureje reservoir samples belong to one and Ogbese River and Asejire reservoir fall in the other cluster. Principal Components for meristic (PC1 and PC2) accounted for 46.49% and 24.17% revealed that transverse scales and scales surrounding the caudal peduncle, pre-dorsal scales accounted for the variation. The CVA revealed that of all the populations sampled, samples from Ureje reservoir are more diverse that the other two populations. The research disclosed that there is variation in O. niloticus populations from the three water bodies, which could be a result of genetic structure and environmental conditions, being major factors affecting morphological variability among different geographical populations. Further study on genetic differentiation of individuals from different species is necessary to confirm findings of the present study.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of populations of the Balkan endemic species Daphne malyana Blecic (Thymeleaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Juskovic ◽  
P. Vasiljevic ◽  
V. Randjelovic ◽  
V. Stevanovic ◽  
Branka Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

Daphne malyana Blecic (Thymeleaceae) is an endemic species of the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, distributed in the mountains, canyons and gorges of N. Montenegro, E. Bosnia and W. Serbia. The comparative morphoanatomic investigations have included four distantly separated populations of the species D. malyana, i.e. two from Serbia, from the ravines of Sokoline and Vranjak on Mt. Tara, and two from Montenegro, in the canyons of the Tara and Piva rivers. Comparative morphoanatomical studies have shown the presence of general adaptive characteristics of a specific, conservative xeromorphic type, slightly differing in each population. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) of 20 morphoanatomical characteristics of the leaves and stems have shown a clear distinction between the populations from the river Piva canyon (Montenegro) and those from the Sokoline ravine (Serbia), on one side, and those of Vranjak gorge (Serbia) and of the river Tara canyon (Montenegro) on the other side. It may be assumed that the mild morphological variability of the isolated populations of the Balkan endemic species D. malyana in the canyons and gorges seem to have been affected by the microclimate conditions in their habitats.

An Empirical Study on the Financial Competitiveness Evaluation System of Stock Exchange Listed SMEs of Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Nikita Mehta ◽  
Mamta Brahmbhatt
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Financial Competitiveness

The purpose of this study is to identify the financial factors that enhance the financial competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Gujarat, India. The principal component analysis has been applied to extract the financial factors from financial performance ratios of a sample size of 38 stock exchange SMEs, based in Gujarat, India. The ranking has been given to the SMEs based upon their factor score and comprehensive score. The results show that profitability, management efficiency, liquidity and leverage factors are the major factors affecting the financial competitiveness of SMEs. The study covers only one state of the country, and the findings from different states may differ and need to get verified. Despite the highest contribution of SMEs in the GDP of India, there exist very few Indian studies on SME competitiveness. This study contributes to filling this gap.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of acorns and its taxonomic significance in Quercus. from Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Bakis ◽  
MT Babaç
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Different Populations

Morphological variations of acorn among and within the groups of Quercus species were studied. A total of 617 acorns belonging to 14 species representing all 3 sections of Quercus L. (Fagaceae) in Turkey were examined in this study. Specimens were collected from 47 different populations over both Anatolian and Thrace part of Turkey. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the morphological characteristics of acorns. Results obtained from this study demonstrate the use of morphological characters in differentiating the taxa of Quercus and Cerris sections studied. Another important finding is the introgression among the acorns of species within Quercus section DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21601 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 293-299, 2014 (December)

Diesel Truck Overall Quality Analysis Based on PCA

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 2233-2237
Author(s):  
Zhen Yu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Major Factors

The quality of diesel truck overall quality is measured through a series of performance indicators. This paper analyzes the complex diesel truck systems through the use of principal component. Through the analysis, several major indicators which affect the truck service conditions are found in many of the performance indicators, and major factors affecting the serviceability of diesel truck are obtained.

Factors affecting the early growth of Leucaena leucocephala

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J Brandon ◽  
H.M Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Major Factors

Summary. Slow establishment has been identified as a major limitation to the more widespread adoption of the fodder tree Leucaena leucocephala in Queensland. Field experiments were conducted at Mt Cotton, Gayndah and Theodore in south-east Queensland during the 1987–88 summer to identify the major factors limiting first year yield of leucaena. Treatments at each site included irrigation (applied at sowing only, or at intervals throughout the trial), and rates of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and lime. Attack by psyllid insects, weed competition and defoliation by wildlife were noted and minimised where possible. Soil moisture appeared to be the major limitation to plant growth at the inland sites of Theodore and Gayndah where post-establishment irrigation increased final dry weight by 250%. Waterlogging reduced plant height increase at the low lying Mt Cotton site following higher than normal rainfall. Increase in plant height at the other sites stopped when night temperatures fell below 15°C. Application of P at 75–1200 kg/ha tripled final dry weight of leucaena at Mt Cotton (5 mg/kg bicarbonate-extractable P) but had no effect at Theodore (10 mg P/kg) or Gayndah (35 mg P/kg). Larger than normal responses to P during early growth may be due to slow colonisation of the roots by arbuscular mycorrhiza. Application of N (200 kg N/ha) increased dry weight of Rhizobium-inoculated leucaena by 27% at Theodore but had little or no effect at the other sites. Application of lime had no significant effects on plant height or dry weight of leucaena at Mt Cotton despite the soil being slightly acidic (pH 5.9 in 1 : 5 H2 O suspension). Further work on the role of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in determining uptake of P by leucaena is warranted in view of the large response to very high rates of P in young seedlings at Mt Cotton.

scholarly journals Pattern of Morphological Variability in Unrepaired Unilateral Clefts With and Without Cleft Palate May Suggest Intrinsic Growth Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny S. Latief ◽  
Mette A. R. Kuijpers ◽  
Adam Stebel ◽  
Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman ◽  
Piotr S. Fudalej
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Growth Deficiency ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Incisor Inclination

In individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) an iatrogenic effect of operations on subsequent maxillary growth is well-known. Much less is known about the association between occurrence of CLP and intrinsic growth deficiency of the maxillofacial complex. The aim of this study was to compare morphological variability in subjects with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus/palate and unaffected controls using geometric morphometric methods. The research hypothesis was that if subjects with unrepaired unilateral CLP have intrinsic growth deficiency, the pattern of their craniofacial growth variation may differ from that in unaffected individuals. Lateral cephalograms were available of three groups of the same ethnic background (Proto-Malayid): (a) non-syndromic unrepaired unilateral complete cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (UCLP), N = 66, mean age 24.5 years (b) non-syndromic unrepaired unilateral complete cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), N = 177, mean age 23.7 years, and (c) NORM (N = 50), mean age 21.2 years without a cleft. Using geometric morphometrics shape variability in groups and shape differences between groups was analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine shape variability, while differences between groups and sexes were evaluated with canonical variate analysis. Sexual dimorphism was evaluated with discriminant function analysis (DA). Results showed that in comparison to NORM subjects, shape variability in UCLA and UCLP is more pronounced in the antero-posterior than in vertical direction. Pairwise comparisons of the mean shape configurations (NORM vs. UCLA, NORM vs. UCLP, and UCLA vs. UCLP) revealed significant differences between cleft and non-cleft subjects. The first canonical variate (CV1, 68.2% of variance) demonstrated that differences were associated with maxillary shape and/or position and incisor inclination, while in females, the CV1 (69.2% of variance) showed a combination of differences of “maxillary shape and/or position and incisor inclination” and inclination of the cranial base. Shape variability demonstrated considerable differences in subjects with UCLA, UCLP, and NORM. Moreover, in subjects with a cleft, within-sample variability was more pronounced in the antero-posterior direction, while in non-cleft subjects, within-sample variability was more pronounced in the vertical direction. These findings may suggest that subjects with unilateral clefts have intrinsic growth impairment affecting subsequent facial development.

scholarly journals Assessment of Shape Variation Patterns in Triatoma infestans (Klug 1834) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae): A First Report in Populations from Bolivia

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Carolina Vilaseca ◽  
Marco A. Méndez ◽  
Carlos F. Pinto ◽  
Hugo A. Benítez
Keyword(s):  
Permutation Test ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Variate Analysis

The morphological variations of four populations of geographically isolated Triatoma infestans located in the area of inter-Andean valleys and Chaco of Chuquisaca, Bolivia, were evaluated. Fifty-three females and sixty-one males were collected in the peri-domicile and analyzed with geometric morphometrics tools to study the patterns of the head and wing shape variation. The principal component analysis and canonical variate analysis revealed morphological variations between the populations studied, which were then confirmed by the permutation test of the differences between populations using Mahalanobis and Procustes distances. The multivariate regression analysis shows that the centroid size influences the shape of the heads and wings. T. infestans of the inter-Andean valleys are longer in the head and wings compared to the population of the Chaco. We propose that the geometric shape variation may be explained by geographical changes in climatic conditions, peri-domiciliar habitats, food source quality, and the use of insecticides.

Personality Variables and Interest in Self-Help Books

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zalman Safer ◽  
James Forest
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Major Factors

122 subjects served in a study which examined whether neuroticism, introversion, and sex predicted interest in reading psychological self-help paperbacks. Subjects completed (a) a pretest questionnaire asking about types of self-help books, (b) the Eysenck Personality Inventory, (c) a chapter from a bestselling self-help book, and (d) an 11-item questionnaire about their interests in self-help books, therapy, and psychological problems. A principal component analysis on 12 questions (dependent measure) gave two major factors, one dealing with self-help books the other with therapy. Scores on these two factors, for each subject, were entered in a regression analysis, using neuroticism, introversion and sex as predictors. Neuroticism was the only significant predictor.

scholarly journals Community Participation in Preschool Education of Ethiopia: the Case of South West Shewa Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Addisu Kumsa Megersa ◽  
Wudu Melese Tarekegne ◽  
Endalkachew Woldmariam
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
South West ◽  
Major Factors

<em>The objective of this study was to examine the state of community participation in preschool education and factors affecting their participation in selected woredas of South West Shoa Zone. Survey research design was used. Data were collected from 192 preschool teachers, 58 preschool principals, 12 cluster supervisors 4 woreda education expert,   and 58 PTA members by using questionnaires, interview and focus group discussion. The findings of the study revealed that the participation of the community in preschool education is very low; the most common areas of community participation are cash contribution and participation in a meeting for the improvement of student behavior. Finally, the major factors identified are lack of awareness, failure to attend the meeting and failure to send their children to preschools. It is suggested that the preschools should be designed effective strategies of cooperation to work with the community in supporting preschools. In addition, continuous efforts should be made by preschools in the orientations and reorientation of community members about the objectives, scopes, principles, methods, and activities of preschool education.</em>

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Willingness to Use Indoor Residual Spraying Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Hyperendemic State of West Africa: A Random Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunji Oloyede Oladoyinbo ◽  
Adedapo Olufemi Adeogun ◽  
Ayodele Samuel Babalola ◽  
Muideen Babatunde ◽  
Olatunji Taiwo Ladipo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Willingness To Use

Abstract This study assessed the perception of pregnant women on indoor residual spraying (IRS), documented acceptability, and factors that significantly dictate willingness to use IRS among the pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Ibadan Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information from 500 pregnant women. Descriptive and principal component analysis (PCA) were done at 5% level of significance. Majority of the pregnant women had between good and fair knowledge of IRS. Less than 70% of the respondents were willing to allow IRS in their homes. Our PCA revealed that major factors responsible for acceptance and willingness to use IRS were associated with perceived benefits, advantages, and disadvantages of IRS rather than overall knowledge of IRS among the respondents. The analysis revealed that these factors were responsible for at least 80% of the reasons for a pregnant woman to willingly accept IRS or not. The factors that positively influenced willingness to use IRS include its benefit in controlling mosquitoes and other insects, reducing malaria incidence, and prolonged effects of IRS which is an added advantage over continuous purchase of aerosols. One major factor that may negatively affect the acceptance of IRS is the fact that you may have to pack out of the house and wait for more than 3 d before entering. This current study has identified some specific factors that seem to promote and/or reduce willingness to accept IRS as a malaria control intervention among pregnant women in South Western Nigeria.

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