scholarly journals Gender inequality in Muslim-majority countries: Myths versus facts

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezahat Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Impact

The study uses a cross-sectional data set for 209 countries in order to test whether the regulation of social life by Islamic norms and values is related to gender inequality and whether the impacts differ for the MENA countries, as well as Arab- and Muslim-majority countries. The study finds that the impact of gender inequality differs for the MENA, Arab- and Muslim-majority countries only when control variables are excluded from the regressions. The paper obtains empirical evidence against the belief that religion and oil are culprits responsible for holding women back in Muslim countries.

scholarly journals PROMIS Scales for Assessment of Persistent Post-COVID Symptoms: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110304
Author(s):  
Ravindra Ganesh ◽  
Aditya K. Ghosh ◽  
Mark A. Nyman ◽  
Ivana T. Croghan ◽  
Stephanie L. Grach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact

Objective Persistent post-COVID symptoms are estimated to occur in up to 10% of patients who have had COVID-19. These lingering symptoms may persist for weeks to months after resolution of the acute illness. This study aimed to add insight into our understanding of certain post-acute conditions and clinical findings. The primary purpose was to determine the persistent post COVID impairments prevalence and characteristics by collecting post COVID illness data utilizing Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®). The resulting measures were used to assess surveyed patients physical, mental, and social health status. Methods A cross-sectional study and 6-months Mayo Clinic COVID recovered registry data were used to evaluate continuing symptoms severity among the 817 positive tested patients surveyed between March and September 2020. The resulting PROMIS® data set was used to analyze patients post 30 days health status. The e-mailed questionnaires focused on fatigue, sleep, ability to participate in social roles, physical function, and pain. Results The large sample size (n = 817) represented post hospitalized and other managed outpatients. Persistent post COVID impairments prevalence and characteristics were determined to be demographically young (44 years), white (87%), and female (61%). Dysfunction as measured by the PROMIS® scales in patients recovered from acute COVID-19 was reported as significant in the following domains: ability to participate in social roles (43.2%), pain (17.8%), and fatigue (16.2%). Conclusion Patient response on the PROMIS® scales was similar to that seen in multiple other studies which used patient reported symptoms. As a result of this experience, we recommend utilizing standardized scales such as the PROMIS® to obtain comparable data across the patients’ clinical course and define the disease trajectory. This would further allow for effective comparison of data across studies to better define the disease process, risk factors, and assess the impact of future treatments.

The effects of corporate brand symbolism on consumer satisfaction and loyalty

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Anisimova
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corporate Brand ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the effects of corporate brand symbolism on consumer satisfaction and loyalty on a sample of Australian automobile consumers. Design/methodology/approach – Survey research was employed to test the study hypotheses. The regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between an independent variable (corporate brand symbolism) and dependent variables (consumer satisfaction and loyalty). Findings – Support was found for all hypotheses formulated in this study. Regression results reveal consistent favourable and significant effects of corporate brand symbolism on both consumer satisfaction and loyalty. Research limitations/implications – Although this paper makes contributions in international marketing, the cross-sectional nature of the data collection method limits the information gained to the single point in time. This research studied the impact of corporate brand symbolism on consumers of one original equipment manufacturers (OEM). Having a larger number of participating car manufacturers/OEMs would have provided a wider insight. However, time and resources limitation did not allow to study a larger sample. In the future, practitioners are recommended to further understand the relationship between self and social aspects of brand symbolism in order to formulate more targeted communication strategies. Practical implications – The findings of this study point to the strategic role of the brand in generating both satisfaction and loyalty. In the light of increasing advertising costs and decreasing consumer loyalty, strengthening corporate brand symbolism makes a lot of economic sense. The findings suggest that managers need to take into account consumer need for identity expression and consider this in their branding strategies. Social implications – Humans are social beings by nature. However, international brand research has paid relatively little attention to how products are used by consumers in everyday life, including their social life. Consumer behaviours increasingly depend on social meanings they imbue brands with beyond products’ functional utility. It is argued the focus of symbolic consumption needs to be broadened and integrated more with social science concepts. Originality/value – This study captures a construct of corporate brand symbolism by including self and social aspects of symbolism. The current study also comprehensively measures consumer loyalty, including cognitive, affective and behavioural types of loyalty.

scholarly journals Servant leadership, team-based learning and hope and optimism: A sectoral comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Grobler ◽  
Aden-Paul Flotman
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Team Based Learning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This is an era of unprecedented turbulence. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) global pandemic testifies to this turmoil as, daily, the unknown dynamically unfolds. It is important during challenging times like these that leadership and organisational response enhance a shared positive vision for the future of humanity. This study aimed at determining the role played by servant leadership (SL) in promoting employee well-being, specifically, a positive future expectation in terms of hope and optimism (HO), as well as the impact that team-based learning (TBL) has on this relationship, and whether this is the same for both the private and public sectors.Design/methodology/approach: This study employed an empirical paradigm, using a cross-sectional design and quantitative analysis. The total sample consisted of 1560 participants, with 780 employed in the private and public sector, respectively.Findings/results: The results suggest that both SL and TBL have a significant impact on employees’ HO, with TBL being a mediating variable and with stronger relationships reported for the private sector. Technically, the TBL instrument employed was validated for South African use and the study included a statistical assessment of common method bias, which was found not to skew the results.Practical implications: This study provides further empirical evidence that SL is positively associated with HO. Secondly, the future-mindedness and future-orientation of HO could stimulate adaptive responses during this time of uncertainty and turmoil. Thus, HO, as potential resilience factors, could generate resilience by harnessing opportunities and setbacks both during the Covid-19 pandemic and in its aftermath.Originality/value: The practical value of this article is in the empirical evidence that both the leaders and the organisation have an impact on the employees’ wellness and positive work attitudes.

scholarly journals Liquidity Risk Management in Banking Sector under the Shadow of Systematic Risk and Economic Dynamics in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-183
Author(s):  
Hafiz Waqas Kamran ◽  
Dr. Abdelnaser Omran ◽  
Dr. Shamsul Bahrain bin Mohamed Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Systematic Risk ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
World Development Indicator ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this present study is to investigate the impact of systematic risk and economic dynamics on liquidity reserve of banking firms in Pakistan. Data for stock return and market return is collected from Data stream, while for all other factors World Development Indicator (WDI) database is selected. The findings of Pooled Regression have suggested that Liquidity Reserves for overall banking Industry of Pakistan significantly affect by Systematic Risk and Key Economic Dynamics. Panel data Models are applied to check whether there is cross sectional heterogeneity in selected financial firms or not. The study period consists of last 15 years 2001-15, due to the availability of the data set. Moreover, other economic indicators like Lending Interest Rate and Inflation can be under observation for the future studies. As per the best perception of researchers, this is the first study in this context, addressing the Liquidity Management and selected key factors.

The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 266-290
Author(s):  
Noha A. Farrag ◽  
Asmaa M. Ezzat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
The Impact

Even though corruption is correlated to political and moral degradation, there is no consensus on the impact of corruption on economic growth. Although, theory leans to the view that corruption has negative impact on growth, still empirical evidence and counter arguments show that there might be positive implications for corruption. This paper compares the corruption impact on growth in 17 developed European countries vs. 15 developing MENA countries using a pooled OLS model and a random effects model for the period (1999-2012). This paper contributes to the literature by examining the impact of corruption on growth in scarcely examined countries in Europe and MENA. Also, the paper findings are intriguing because they show that the region, as a proxy to degree of development, significantly influences the effect of corruption on economic growth.

The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha A. Farrag ◽  
Asmaa M. Ezzat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
The Impact

Even though corruption is correlated to political and moral degradation, there is no consensus on the impact of corruption on economic growth. Although, theory leans to the view that corruption has negative impact on growth, still empirical evidence and counter arguments show that there might be positive implications for corruption. This paper compares the corruption impact on growth in 17 developed European countries vs. 15 developing MENA countries using a pooled OLS model and a random effects model for the period (1999-2012). This paper contributes to the literature by examining the impact of corruption on growth in scarcely examined countries in Europe and MENA. Also, the paper findings are intriguing because they show that the region, as a proxy to degree of development, significantly influences the effect of corruption on economic growth.

A Two-Wave Study of the Impact of Job Characteristics and Motivators on Perceived Stress among Information Technology (IT) Consultants

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Göran Wallgren ◽  
Jan Johansson Hanse
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this two-wave study was to test whether job characteristics (job demand, job control), with ‘motivators’ (e.g., recognition, achievement, possibility for growth) as the mediating variable, can predict perceived stress (e.g., stressed, tense). These relationships were tested simultaneously using structural equation modeling analyses. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among 320 information technology (IT) consultants in Sweden. Data were collected at two time points, over a six-month follow-up period. Cross-sectional studies have been presented earlier but one of the contributions of this study is that it is a two-wave data set. The present two-wave study uses a model which covers more information than a cross-sectional design and the results add another aspect to existing work motivation and stress research, by using a longitudinal data set, and relating job characteristics to perceived stress directly and indirect. These findings emphasize the importance of job demand and illuminate the role of motivators in the experience of job stress among IT consultants. The presented model can be used to examine potential causes of job stress among IT consultants and may generate important lessons for managing the general workforce of tomorrow.

scholarly journals Governance and Domestic Investment in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimere Okechukwu Iheonu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
World Governance Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The study empirically examined the impact of governance on domestic investment in 16 African countries with a balanced panel data set, between the years 2002 and 2015. The study employed six unbundled governance indicators from the World Bank, World Governance Indicators and constructed three bundled governance indicators using the Principal Component Analysis. The Driscoll and Kraay Fixed Effects model which accounts for serial correlation, groupwise heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence were employed with empirical results revealing that all the indicators of governance positively and significantly influence domestic investment in Africa, except for government effectiveness which happens to be insignificant. Also, Voice/Accountability and the Control of Corruption exert more influence on domestic investment as indicated by their coefficient values. Furthermore, economic growth is also an important factor in explaining domestic investment in Africa. Policy recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice And Associated Factors Among Employed And Unemployed Mothers In Ethiopia: Comparative Cross Sectional Study Using EDHS 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desta Markos Minamo
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

Abstract Introduction Contrary to the recommendation, children under the age of 6 months be exclusively breastfed, many infants are also fed with other liquids such as water, non-milk liquids, and other milks before 6 months. Because of level of education and proportion of employed women in Ethiopia has been increasing gradually. Consequently the practice of exclusive breastfeeding became very lower. The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and factors associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among employed and unemployed mothers in Ethiopia, using dataset from EDHS 2016. METHOD Data was extracted from Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS-2016). A total of 1089 mothers with infants aged 0 to 6 months in the data set were included in the analysis. Descriptive analysis, chi-square and binary logistic regression models were used. RESULT This study has demonstrated a 64.7%, 95%CI(58.9-70.5) and 75.4%, 95%CI(72.378.2) prevalence of EBF practices among employed and unemployed mothers respectively in the 24h preceding the survey. Other factors associated with EBF practice included being unemployed mother, larger to normal birth weight; infant aged 0-3 month old, infant being male, have radio in the house, infant being wanted, delivery by non CS mode and presence of ANC follow up during pregnancy were found to be significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. Conclusion the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding practice among employed mothers was significantly lower than that of unemployed mothers. Thus, Having in consideration the impact of appropriate infant and young children feeding practice on children’s nutritional status and mortality rate, policy makers still need to give more emphasis on promotion of exclusive breastfeeding through creating an enabling environment targeting the extension of postnatal maternity leave up to the first six month.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHO-SOCIAL IMPACT OF ACNE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF RAWALPINDI

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171-74
Author(s):  
Zubaida Rashid ◽  
Syed Fawad Mashhadi ◽  
Imtenan Sharif ◽  
Syeda Urooj Zaidi ◽  
Saira Maroof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To assess the psychosocial impact of acne and to evaluate the quality of life in relation to severity of symptoms among young adults. Study Design: Cross-sectional – analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Feb 2019. Methodology: We included 300 individuals visiting the hospital and their quality of life was assessed using Acne quality of life Index questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: Total scores were calculated for three domains of Quality of life in patients with Acne i.e. Self-perception, Emotional well-being and Social life. Out of these three domains, Social Life was most affected by acne (mean score 15.61 ± 7.37out of a total of 30) and Self-Perception was seen to be least affected (mean score 16.90 ± 8.20). There was a strong positive co-relation between the increasing severity of symptoms and impact on Self Perception (r=-0.58, p<0.01), between severity and Impact on Social life (r=-0.581, p<0.01) and between severity of symptoms and Impact on emotional well-being of the patients (r=-0.551, p<0.01). A significant difference was seen between the two genders with reference to the impact on “Social Life”, the meanscore for Males being 13.96 ± 7.55 while that for Females being 17.29 ± 6.81 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Acne has significant impact on the quality of life of patients treated by primary care physicians. The severity of symptoms had strong positive correlation with self-perception, social and emotional domains.

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