Hungarian cultural and linguistic borrowings in the folk tradition of Burgenland Croats in Hungary and Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
World View ◽  
World War ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Neighboring Population ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Folk Tradition ◽  
Important Marker

Abstract The work which forms the bulk of the present study was carried out on the basis of numerous pieces of field material collected by means of an ethnolinguistic questionnaire in villages inhabited by Burgenland Croats in Western Hungary and Southern Slovakia (where part of the Hungarian territory was annexed after World War II). The field data contain a number of latent and obvious borrowings from Hungarian folk culture. By latent borrowings we mean cultural phenomena that were initially feebly expressed in a particular tradition (and tended to be lost), but during long coexistence with a neighboring heterogeneous tradition they were eventually maintained due to the developed state of the similar phenomena in the neighboring population. We also include here cultural phenomena that are typical of both traditions and have deep roots in the universal model of the naive world view. Analyzing the popular culture and dialects of enclave villages of Burgenland Croats in Hungary and Slovakia, we show that traditional folk culture with the corresponding vocabulary nevertheless acts as an important marker of identity for the population living in a foreign language environment.

scholarly journals “If English Was Good Enough for Jesus, It’s Good Enough for Me”

Paideusis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Peter Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Endangered Languages ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
World War ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

Since the end of World War II, English has become the virtual lingua franca of the planet. However, this development carries significant ethical and educational questions: What are the consequences of the worldwide dominance of the English language? How has it affected and how will it affect the fortunes of other languages? What can and should we as educators to do to minimize or eliminate the harmful effects on some of the endangered languages of the world? This paper will invite educators into a philosophical discussion of the ethical complexities of teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language.

scholarly journals Logischer Positivismus und radikale Gesellschaftsreform

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Beckermann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World View ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
World War ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
Scientific World

AbstractFor many years some critically engaged German sociologists have challenged Logical Positivism with the criticism that Positivism’s allegedly neutral conception of science in fact supports conservative or even reactionary political movements. This line of criticism is due, at last in part, to the fact that German scientists became acquainted with the positivistic branch of analytical philosophy after World War II almost exclusively through the works of the liberal-conservative K. R. Popper. Popper, however, is by no means representative of all Positivists. There were influential members of the Vienna Circle who saw a direct connection between the aims of the „scientific world view“ and the endeavour to renew the society on the basis of rational, i.e. socialistic, principles. This connection becomes especially clear in the manifesto Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung − Der Wiener Kreis which was published in 1929 by Carnap, Hahn and Neurath.

scholarly journals Language Schools of MGIMO-University

2014 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
G. I. Gladkov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
World War ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Language Support ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Language Schools ◽  
One Year

In 1943, when the Department of International Relations at MSU was established to develop one year later into the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), the first task of the faculty was to teach future diplomats of foreign languages, which they for the most part simply did not know. Of course, in the midst of World War II, the most important foreign language seemed to be German. But the question was in providing for language support for the system of world diplomacy of the Soviet state. And pretty soon it became clear that proficiency in two foreign languages was the main advantage of MGIMO graduates over graduates of all other national universities. The language study at MGIMO is of applied nature: while studying languages students at the same time receive other professions - a diplomat, an economist, a lawyer, a journalist. Studying a language of profession became an academic niche of MGIMO. That is why today MGIMO entered the Guinness Book of Records for the number of foreign languages studied: 53 in 2014.

‘Jolly Roger’ (Pirate Flag)

2018 ◽  
pp. 259-271
Author(s):  
Ziv Bohrer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Universal Jurisdiction ◽  
World War ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
History Of

Presently, a black flag with a skull-and-crossbones (the ‘Jolly Roger’) is merely a cultural icon for piracy. This chapter excavates the flag’s deep roots in international law. First, the chapter uncovers that the flag (and prior to it a red banner known as ‘Oriflamme’) used to be a laws-of-war signal for the intention to summarily execute captured enemy (‘take no prisoners’/’deny quarter’). It was used not only by pirates. Second, the chapter shows that intriguingly, the flag’s history aids in exposing misconceptions regarding criminal justice. Domestic criminal law is considered the traditional form of criminal justice, whereas, except for piracy, international crimes (meriting universal jurisdiction) are considered a novel, post-World War II, creation. However, historically, universal jurisdiction was applied not only to piracy, but also to felonies (crimes classified today as domestic) and war crimes. That actual history of criminal justice and the Jolly Roger’s legal history were forgotten for similar reasons.

News from the Great Wide World: Duke Ellington, Count Basie, and Black Popular Music, 1927–1943

Prospects ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 483-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis A. Erenberg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Special Role ◽  
World War ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Big Band ◽  
Black America ◽  
Northern Cities ◽  
Secular Rituals

In numerous essays Ralph Ellison highlighted the special role that musicians and big swing bands played in defining a new future for black America from the late 1920s through World War II. Led by sophisticated and glamorous Dukes and Counts, big swing bands represented a flowering of black folk culture in the new urban centers of the black migration. With New York City acting as their national capital, moreover, these bands acted as traveling representatives of the modern city as they conducted national tours, produced endless recordings, and performed live on radio for a new mass audience for jazz music. While their travels took them through the indignities of a segregated society, black bands offered release from the Depression and expressed heightened expectations for people whose lives were still bound by racial restraints. As Ellison recognized, they provided ecstasy and communion to their many followers, performed in secular rituals on the dance floor. As such, the most famous bands of the 1930s and 1940s held out an urban model of freedom that climaxed with the renewed mass migrations to Northern cities during World War II. In the big band form, folk culture and modern life were united in new ways to offer optimism tinged by hard reality in the middle of the Depression. In the process, black entertainers stood as heroes.

scholarly journals The Force of American Modernity: World War II and the Birth of a Soft Power Superpower

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
David W. Ellwood
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
World View ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
American Capitalism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Wide Debate

As the result of a wide debate in the US during WWII on the causes of that war, the American governing class decided that the best way to avoid yet another conflict was to export the American understanding of the link between economic progress under capitalism and the survival of liberal democracy. The Marshall Plan was the fullest expression of this world-view, launching the era of productivity and growth in Europe. But this project, renewed ideologically in the era of ‘globalisation’, began to meet increased resistance by the 1990s, as societies everywhere looked at its effects on their traditional conceptions of modernity, sovereignty and identity. While American capitalism continued to propose innovations large and small, in Europe and elsewhere their disruptive effects could set off intense political conflict. The classic example is the Uber car-sharing company.

scholarly journals School of Diplomatic English

2014 ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
D. A. Kryachkov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
International Relations ◽  
English Language ◽  
State University ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Moscow State University

Chair of English Language № 1 considers itself the successor of the English Language Chair, established at the Faculty of International Relations at the Moscow State University during the World War II. After the Faculty was reformed into MGIMO the Department of English Language began to grow rapidly. Members of the chair develop textbooks and teaching materials designed to provide competence-based approach in the education in field of international affairs, the development of the professional proficiency in English, which are necessary for future participants of our foreign policy. To date, the chair staff consists of 60 professionals, including 26 PhDs. Teachers of the department also conduct research and take part in educational conferences both in Russia and abroad, including those devoted to the professional foreign language communication. Members of the chair also publish scientific articles in this field.

Carl Schmitt, April 1939: „Der Reichsbegriff im Völkerrecht“

Der Staat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-472
Author(s):  
Dirk Blasius
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
World View ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
World War ◽  
European Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total State ◽  
Second World

Der Artikel rekonstruiert die Geschichte von Carl Schmitts Reichsbegriff. Die historische Situation im Frühjahr 1939 hatte Einfluss auf den Weg seines juristischen Werks. Der Reichsbegriff war Thema eines Vortrags, den Schmitt in das Zentrum seiner „Völkerrechtlichen Großraumordnung“ stellte. Diese im April 1939 erschienene Publikation wurde nach Ausbruch des Krieges mehrfach ergänzt. Der Abschnitt zum Reichsbegriff blieb unverändert. Schmitt unterstützte mit seinen Beiträgen zum Völkerrecht den aggressiven Weg der NS-Politik, der zum Ausbruch des Krieges im September 1939 führte. In einem Essay vom Mai 1939 über das Reich und den Untergang der europäischen Kultur zitierte er frühere Veröffentlichungen. Sie hatten ihn zu einem neuen völkerrechtlichen Gedanken geführt. Reiche, nicht Staaten sollten Träger des Völkerrechts sein. An diesem Gedanken hielt Schmitt auch während des Krieges fest. Sein Essay ist ein Selbstportrait des Juristen Schmitt. Seine Gegner erhoben den Vorwurf mangelhafter Weltanschauung. Sie forderten eine „völkische Großraumordnung“. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg schloss sich Schmitt nicht Ereignissen an, die der Ideologie vom „Lebensraum“ Taten folgen ließen. Mit dem Begriff „Ereignisse“ wurden 1941/42 Kriegsverbrechen in den „Ereignismeldungen UdSSR“ benannt. Die Stäbe des „Reichssicherheitshauptamts“ werteten sie aus. Schmitt ließ den Zusammenhang dieser Verbrechen mit dem Typus des totalen Staats unbeachtet. The article reconstructs the history of Carl Schmitt's concept of the Reich. The historical situation in the spring of 1939 had an influence on the path of his legal work. The concept of empire was the subject of a lecture that Schmitt placed at the center of his “Völkerrechtliche Großraumordnung”. This publication, which appeared in April 1939, was supplemented several times after the outbreak of World War II. The section on the concept of empire remained unchanged. Schmitt's contributions to international law supported the aggressive course of Nazi policy before September 1939. In a May 1939 essay on the Reich and the Decline of European Culture, he cited earlier publications. They had led him to a new idea of the causal connection between empires and international law. Schmitt held on to it even during the war. His essay is a self-portrait of the jurist Schmitt. His opponents raised the accusation of a deficient world view (Weltanschauung). They demanded a "völkische Großraumordnung". In the Second World War, Schmitt did not join events (Ereignisse) that gave action to the ideology of Lebensraum. The term "Ereignisse" was used in 1941/42 to name war crimes in the "Ereignismeldungen UdSSR". The staffs of the Reich Security Main Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt) evaluated them. Schmitt ignored the connection of these crimes with the type of the total state.

Bolesław Leśmian’s Serbian “a-not-fully-attained-incarnation”

Tekstualia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (52) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Petar Bunjak ◽  
Branislava Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Formal Features

The aarticle focuses on the almost „zero” reception of the poetic legacy of Bolesław Leśmian in the Serbian context, taking into account a wider former Serbo-Croat reality. Before World War II, Serbian readers could fi nd hardly any information about Leśmian, and this did not change much in the second half of the 20th century, when Leśmian was „rediscovered” in his national milieu. The paper addresses the problem of the presumed untranslatability of Leśmian’s poetry and ponders the conditions of rendering the formal features of his works, experiments in the fi eld of lexis and semantics, and references to folk culture, in the form of a Serbian / Croatian poetic text.

Serving All Languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Lea Shaver
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
World War ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Governments

This chapter clarifies how English is the most widely studied foreign language in the world according to David Crystal. Since World War II, it has emerged as the dominant language of global commerce and culture. The chapter emphasizes that being fluent in English greatly expands one's reading options. English accounts for 80 percent of the e-book titles available on Amazon.com, 80 percent of academic journals, and more than half of all content on the Internet. The chapter also discusses how several organizations are working to expand multilingual children's literature: the African Storybook Project, Books for Asia, the Global Book Alliance, Nabu.org, Worldreader, and myriad small publishers serving specific language communities. Their programs make clearer than ever before what it means to effectively promote the right to read. This requires the coordinated efforts of the United Nations, national governments, foundations, businesspeople, charities, publishers, authors, and illustrators.

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