scholarly journals Adaptive solar shading of buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
J. Hraska
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Solar Shading ◽  
The Individual

Adaptive solar shading systems have in comparison with the traditional systems of shading increased potential ability to improve the quality of the indoor environment and to increase the energy performance of buildings. Their extension allows all-around technological progress, but also the extensive application of large-scale glazing in building envelopes almost in all climatic regions. The literature review shows that the characteristics of the individual adaptive shading systems differ. Some have better performance in the sun protection or in improving the building's energy balance; others for example are better in glare elimination or in redistribution of daylight. The main purpose of this contribution is to provide a classification of the adaptive solar shading systems. In the article are compared merits and shortcomings of adaptive shading systems and are shortly analyzed assumptions of their wider application in central European climate conditions. Attention is also given to advantages and disadvantages, which brings the application of some kinds of adaptive solar shading systems. Several examples of adaptive shading systems are shown and briefly characterized.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM FOR FINDING ANOMALIES IN WEATHER REPORTS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF FORECASTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
K. G. Yashchenkov ◽  
K. S. Dymko ◽  
N. O. Ukhanov ◽  
A. V. Khnykin
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Method ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Message Exchange ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Moment

The issues of using data analysis methods to find and correct errors in the reports issued by meteorologists are considered. The features of processing various types of meteorological messages are studied. The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods of classification of text information are considered. The classification methods are compared in order to identify the optimal method that will be used in the developed algorithm for analyzing meteorological messages. The prospects of using each of the methods in the developed algorithm are described. An algorithm for processing the source data is proposed, which consists in using syntactic and logical analysis to preclean the data from various kinds of noise and determine format errors for each type of message. After preliminary preparation the classification method correlates the received set of message characteristics with the previously trained model to determine the error of the current weather report and output the corresponding message to the operator in real time. The software tools used in the algorithm development and implementation processes are described. A complete description of the process of processing a meteorological message is presented from the moment when the message is entered in a text editor until the message is sent to the international weather message exchange service. The developed software is demonstrated, in which the proposed algorithm is implemented, which allows to improve the quality of messages and, as a result, the quality of meteorological forecasts. The results of the implementation of the new algorithm are described by comparing the number of messages containing various types of errors before the implementation of the algorithm and after the implementation.

Children’s Height and Parental Unemployment: A Large-Scale Anthropometric Study on Eastern Germany, 1994–2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Baten ◽  
Andreas Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Parental Unemployment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anthropometric Study

Abstract The average height of children is an indicator of the quality of nutrition and healthcare. In this study, we assess the effect of unemployment and other factors on this variable. In the Eastern German Land of Brandenburg, a dataset of 253,050 preschool height measurements was compiled and complemented with information on parents’ schooling and employment status. Unemployment might have negative psychological effects, with an impact on parental care. Both a panel analysis of districts and an assessment at the individual level yield the result that increasing unemployment, net out-migration and fertility were in fact reducing height.

scholarly journals Clinical Procedures for the Prevention of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 659-668
Author(s):  
Nádya Santos Moura ◽  
Maria Luziene Sousa Gomes ◽  
Ivana Rios Rodrigues ◽  
Daniel Lorber Rolnik ◽  
Fabrício Silva Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Mcmaster University

Abstract Objective To identify the most effective procedures recommended for the prevention of preeclampsia. Data Sources A systematic review was performed in the following databases: Pubmed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS via the Virtual Health Library (VHL). A manual search was also performed to find additional references. The risk of bias, the quality of the evidence, and the classification of the strength of the recommendations were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Selection of Studies In the initial search in the databases, the total number of articles retrieved was 351, and 2 were retrieved through the manual search; after duplicate articles were removed, 333 citations remained. After a thorough review of the titles and abstracts, 315 references were excluded. Accordingly, 18 articles were maintained for selection of the complete text (phase 2). This process led to the exclusion of 6 studies. In total, 12 articles were selected for data extraction and qualitative synthesis. Data Collection The articles selected for the study were analyzed, and we inserted the synthesis of the evidence in the online software GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool (GDT) (McMaster University and Evidence Prime Inc. All right reserved. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontário, Canada); thus, it was possible to develop a table of evidence, with the quality of the evidence and the classification of the strength of the recommendations. Data Synthesis In total, seven studies recommended the individual use of aspirin, or aspirin combined with calcium, heparin or dipyridamole. The use of calcium alone or in combination with phytonutrients was also highlighted. All of the studies were with women at a high risk of developing preeclampsia. Conclusion According to the studies evaluated, the administration of aspirin is still the best procedure to be used in the clinical practice to prevent preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Statistical mechanics and hydrodynamics of bacterial suspensions

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (37) ◽  
pp. 15567-15572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Baskaran ◽  
M. Cristina Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrodynamic Interactions ◽  
Nonequilibrium Phenomena ◽  
Active Particles ◽  
Cilia And Flagella ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scale Behavior

Unicellular living organisms, such as bacteria and algae, propel themselves through a medium via cyclic strokes involving the motion of cilia and flagella. Dense populations of such “active particles” or “swimmers” exhibit a rich collective behavior at large scales. Starting with a minimal physical model of a stroke-averaged swimmer in a fluid, we derive a continuum description of a suspension of active organisms that incorporates fluid-mediated, long-range hydrodynamic interactions among the swimmers. Our work demonstrates that hydrodynamic interactions provide a simple, generic origin for several nonequilibrium phenomena predicted or observed in the literature. The continuum model derived here does not depend on the microscopic physical model of the individual swimmer. The details of the large-scale physics do, however, differ for “shakers” (particles that are active but not self-propelled, such as melanocytes) and “movers” (self-propelled particles), “pushers” (most bacteria) and “pullers” (algae like Chlamydomonas). Our work provides a classification of the large-scale behavior of all these systems.

Security Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Paweł Kępka
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Security Design ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Protected Values ◽  
The Individual

The article presents issues related to  security design including, among others, the classification of security design, criteria for its division, the essence of design, security interests and objectives, security determinants (environment), concepts for safety-enhancing activities under specified conditions, security potential and the concept of security enhancing activities. The considerations are based on the assumption that security is first and foremost based on the need to protect against the real risks posed by elements that could negatively affect individuals, communities or entire countries. On the other hand, the long history, beyond the defined approach to  providing security, resulting strictly from the willingness to  live in  a  specific environment (space), indicates cases in which the sense of security is related to the authority, capabilities, quality of assets and resources possessed. Both of the approaches presented emphasise that, regardless of their attitude, the issue of protection of human life and health is the most important category of things to be protected. The first approach indicates a reactionary character, closely related to intervention in respect of a given threat (real or imaginary), while the second one draws the perspective of organising the security potential that constitutes the strength of the individual in general, including the case of a real threat. It is a sign of preparing resources (legal, organisational, material, financial, informational) for the potential threat from nature, another person or a country. The concepts defined for preparing for what becomes a threat to the protected values are not only logical, but can also be seen in a hierarchical way. The proof in this case is that, first of all, people repel what threatens them here and now and only then do they think about building their security potential as an answer to what they may face in the future.

The features and development prospects of programs of individual tours

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Екатерина Агамирова ◽  
Ekaterina Agamirova ◽  
Елизавета Агамирова ◽  
Elizaveta Agamirova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Level ◽  
Trip Planning ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Individual Program ◽  
Formation Programs ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with the formation programs of individual tours. Based on the selection of specific features of individual tourist programs the authors define individual tourism stating that the main specific features of the individual tour is that the product is developed based on the desires and preferences of a particular tourist. It is shown that the individual tourist product allows meeting the needs of the tourist. Topicality is determined by the characteristics of the tourism market at the moment. The crisis that characterize Russian tourism today force to seek new approaches and new content in tourist activity in order to suggest possible ways to diversify the tourist offer, one of which is the individualization of tourist programs. The article also examines the specifics of individual programs, tours, given comparative characteristics according to different characteristics of mass and individual tourism products. Identified are the main advantages and disadvantages of acquisitions and trip planning of the individual program for tourists. The authors cover the basic steps and principles of formation and promotion of individual tourism products. Revealed is a difference in the sequence of the process of its development over the standard tour. Based on the study of offers of tourist companies categories of the most popular destinations of individual tourism are identified on the basis of which a classification of individual programs is proposed. On the basis of the study in the article suggested are the main characteristics of the different categories of consumers of individual tourism products. The article shows the prospects for the development of individual tourism products in the Russian tourist market. Based on the analysis of the actual supply of tourist services identified are the advantages and disadvantages of individual tours. The necessity of developing specific standards of service is explained. Due to the fact that the individual trip of tourists have special expectations, it is necessary to ensure the highest quality level of service in accordance with the program of travel. Characterized are the features of the technology of individual tourism, which aims to create a unique product.

GROUP COGNITIVE THERAPY: TREATMENT OF CHOICE OR SUB-OPTIMAL OPTION?

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Quality Of Therapy ◽  
Group Format ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Therapy Treatment

In the present climate of limited resources and long waiting lists, it is not surprising that there is more emphasis on making sure that psychological treatments are not only clinically sound but also cost-effective. One solution to this is to provide time-limited, focused interventions such as cognitive therapy. Another obvious solution is to deliver treatment in groups rather than individually. However, what evidence is there that therapy can be delivered as effectively in groups as individually? This review will look at which different formats have been tried, what the advantages and disadvantages of those formats might be, which client groups have been targeted for cognitive- behavioural group therapy (CBGT), and whether a group format in general offers any advantages over individual CBT. Outcome studies and their implications for the use of CBGT are considered. Results suggest that, in most client groups, there is little difference in efficacy between group and individual CBT, although there is some evidence that results for some types of patient can be disappointing in CBGT. It may be that the best compromise in terms of cost- effectiveness between quality of therapy and quantity of patients treated is offered by large-scale psychoeducational didactic group therapy.

Creative methods of training of students in the directions of preparation "Tourism" and "Service"

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Анне Гри Стурод ◽  
Anne Gri Sturod ◽  
Александр Ермаков ◽  
Aleksandr Ermakov
Keyword(s):  
Educational Material ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Real Presence ◽  
Qualitative Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
The University

Distance education of students has its own specific, which requires prompt creation of various educational materials. A particular problem is caused by the fact that these documents are created in parallel with the preparation of materials for the regular internal form of training. The use of the device of creation of entries from screen and camera and viewing presentations in the new format is proposed. Construction of a lecture script and its division into separate scenes and shots requires a new approach to its drafting, systematization and storage of information. Material a lecture should be presented with taking into account the effectiveness of its perception by the student audience, and it should be is systematized and consider classification of the reflect objects and their hierarchy in relation to each other. Scaling of images, creation in the presentation the individual objects and their autonomous modeling allows its easy modification with the appearance of innovation in this facility. The authors propose decision for the creation of teaching aids (presentations of lectures) using screencasts and presentations by using new software. In the educational material with the use of screencasts is created the effect of real presence on the solving the problem by the teacher in class.In the preparation of educational material for lessons, students can take part in accordance with the program of implementation self-work on of discipline. New software means allow to construct lecture at a higher qualitative level that improves the quality of teaching, not only in the traditional forms, but also makes it possible to demonstrate the open lectures for online versions on the website of the University.

scholarly journals Settlement scale analysis approach to reach nearly zero energy communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06026
Author(s):  
Ece Kalaycıoğlu ◽  
Ayşe Zerrin Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
District Energy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Looking at the recent developments, the European Union (EU) aims to become a zero carbon community. For the building sector, Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) was recast in 2010 introducing the definition of the nearly zero energy building (NZEB) levels to construct all new buildings at this level by the end of 2020. The last revision of the directive in 2018 also promotes the renovation of the building stock to the NZEB levels. In the paper, it was proposed to define the nearly zero energy levels for settlements. This way, it was aimed to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of reaching the nearly zero energy levels at larger scales than single buildings. Settlement level studies, including the district energy systems, intended to reveal the energy efficiency measures which lead to optimal cost levels for more than one building. Key parameters were examined for a new settlement design which may be beneficial for the large-scale renewable energy system implementation and district energy system (DES) usage with high energy performance buildings.

scholarly journals MULTILEVEL KOHONEN NETWORK LEARNING FOR CLUSTERING PROBLEMS

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin ◽  
Anazida Zainal ◽  
Norfadzila Mohd Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Network Learning ◽  
Large Scale Dataset ◽  
Self Organising Map ◽  
Clustering Problems

Clustering is the procedure of recognising classes of patterns that occur in the environment and assigning each pattern to its relevant. Unlike classical statistical methods, self-organising map (SOM) does not require any prior knowledge about the statistical distribution of the patterns in the environment. In this study, an alternative classification of self-organising neural networks, known as multilevel learning, was proposed to solve the task of pattern separation. The performance of standard SOM and multilevel SOM were evaluated with different distance or dissimilarity measures in retrieving similarity between patterns. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the quality of map produced by SOM learning using different distance measures in representing a given dataset. Based on the results obtained from both SOM methods, predictions can be made for the unknown samples. The results showed that multilevel SOM learning gives better classification rate for small and medium scale datasets, but not for large scale dataset.

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