Application of molecular markers in parental selection in soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sudaric ◽  
M. Vrataric ◽  
I. Rajcan ◽  
T. Duvnjak ◽  
M. Volenik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Parental Selection ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Diversity Assessment

The rate of genetic gain in the quantity and quality of soybean grain depends considerably on the genetic diversity of the selected parental components. Genetic diversity assessment is a crucial aspect of breeding that maximizes genetic improvement. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genetic diversity of the selected soybean germplasm using genetic markers, as well as to compare the effectiveness of breeding procedures with and without the use of genetic markers in parental selection. The genetic relationships within the selected soybean germplasm were estimated using 14 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The agronomic performance (grain yield, protein and oil content in the grain) of the parental components and derived lines was determined in field trials. Based on SSR marker data and phenotypic data, an association was found between the agronomic performance of the derived lines and the genetic distance between the parental lines. Crosses between more diverse parents resulted in derived lines with greater values for grain yield and grain quality compared with the parents than crosses between similar parents. The results indicated the usefulness of genetic marker information in parental selection, contributing to breeding efficiency.

Genetic diversity assessment of extra-early maturing yellow maize inbreds and hybrid performance inStriga-infested andStriga-free environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. AKAOGU ◽  
B. BADU-APRAKU ◽  
V. O. ADETIMIRIN ◽  
I. VROH-BI ◽  
M. OYEKUNLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Growing Conditions

SUMMARYMaize (Zea maysL.), a major staple food crop in West and Central Africa (WCA), is adapted to all agro-ecologies in the sub-region. Its production in the sub-region is greatly constrained by infestation ofStriga hermonthica(Del.) Benth. The performance and stability of the extra-early maturing hybrids, which are particularly adapted to areas with short growing seasons, were assessed underStriga-infested andStriga-free conditions. A total of 120 extra-early hybrids and an open-pollinated variety (OPV) 2008 Syn EE-Y DT STR used as a control were evaluated at two locations each underStriga-infested (Mokwa and Abuja) andStriga-free (Ikenne and Mokwa) conditions in 2010/11. TheStriga-resistant hybrids were characterized by higher grain yield, shorter anthesis–silking interval (ASI), better ear aspect, higher numbers of ears per plant (EPP), lowerStrigadamage rating, and lower number of emergedStrigaplants at 8 and 10 weeks after planting (WAP) compared with the susceptible inbreds. UnderStrigainfestation, mean grain yield ranged from 0·71 to 3·18 t/ha and 1·19 to 3·94 t/ha underStriga-free conditions. The highest yielding hybrid, TZEEI 83×TZEEI 79, out-yielded the OPV control by 157% underStrigainfestation. The hybrids TZEEI 83×TZEEI 79 and TZEEI 67×TZEEI 63 were the highest yielding under bothStriga-infested andStriga-free conditions. The genotype main effect plus genotype×environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis identified TZEEI 88×TZEEI 79 and TZEEI 81×TZEEI 95 as the ideal hybrids across research environments. Twenty-three pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity among the inbred lines. The correlations between the SSR-based genetic distance (GD) estimates of parental lines and the means observed in F1hybrid underStrigainfestation and optimum growing conditions were not significant for grain yield and other traits except ASI under optimum conditions. Grain yield of inbreds was not significantly correlated with that of F1hybrids. However, a significant correlation existed between F1hybrid grain yield and heterosis underStrigainfestation (r=0·72,P<0·01). These hybrids have the potential for increasing maize production inStrigaendemic areas in WCA.

scholarly journals Management of Vitis and Brassica Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 692d-692
Author(s):  
James R. McFerson ◽  
Warren F. Lamboy ◽  
Steve Kresovich
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Molecular Genetic Markers ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
The Individual

We discuss a series of studies in our units employing molecular genetic markers in collection management, primarily for identity and diversity assessment and partitioning of genetic variation. Isozymes, random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), and simple sequence repeat DNAs (SSRs) have been used for these purposes. We analyzed a range of Brassica oleracea accessions at six isozyme loci. Unique isozyme profiles (or fingerprints) were found for 40% of the individual genotypes within accessions. While isozymes were extremely valuable for partitioning genetic variability between and among subspecies, they failed to identify accessions and subspecies. Furthermore, relationships found did not correspond to those predicted by taxonomy. In a study of three species of Chinese vegetable brassicas using 112 RAPD markers, we were able to unambiguously distinguish all 52 accessions studied, despite some intra-accession variability. In addition, cluster analysis correctly grouped all individuals of the same species, but below that rank, taxonomic groupings occasionally broke down. RAPD profiles were found that unambiguously distinguished the three Brassica species from one another, but, for subspecies, no such profiles were found. In another RAPD study of B. oleracea subsp. capitata (cabbage), a closely related set of cultivars were not distinguishable, although more distantly related cultivars were. We had disappointing results with a RAPD study of Vitis accessions. DNA was extracted from the leaves of 23 greenhouse-grown and 52 field-grown vines. Twelve of the 23 greenhouse vines were rooted cuttings collected from 12 of the field-grown vines. Unfortunately, the RAPD profiles of all vines grown in the same location (whether greenhouse or vineyard) were more similar to one another than were profiles from the same clone grown in the two different locations. We are studying whether this result is due to physiological differences in plants growing under different conditions, to differences between PCR reagent lots, to pathogen infestation, or to DNA sample contamination. In a study of 23 accessions representing 15 Vitis species and three species hybrids, we used six different SSR markers to identify individual genotypes. We were able to unambiguously distinguish all genotypes, except two that were identical at all six loci. Review of planting records revealed that the two genotypes were probably the same grape clone. SSR results were not congruent with known taxonomic relationships or geographic origin of genotypes. The SSR polymorphisms found in even this small subset of the Vitis collection in principle make possible the identification of more than 130 trillion different genotypes. This high level of polymorphism, however, makes our particular SSR loci of limited use for identification of species and for the determination of genetic relationships. Molecular genetic markers offer a powerful, efficient approach to assessing questions of identity, relationship, and diversity in germplasm collections, but markers need to be selected based on their suitability for the particular task.

scholarly journals Comparison of AFLPs, RAPD Markers, and Isozymes for Diversity Assessment of Garlic and Detection of Putative Duplicates in Germplasm Collections

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem Ipek ◽  
Ahmet Ipek ◽  
Philipp W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Diversity Assessment

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an asexually propagated crop that displays much morphological diversity. Studies which have assessed garlic diversity with isozymes and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers generally agreed with the morphological observations but sometimes failed to discriminate clones. To discriminate among closely related garlic clones in more detail, we introduced amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLPs) to evaluate the genetic diversity and phenetic relatedness of 45 garlic clones and three A. longicuspis clones and we compared AFLP results with RAPD markers and isozymes. Three AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 183 polymorphic fragments. Although similarities between the clusters were low (≥0.30), some clones within the clusters were very similar (>0.95) with AFLP analysis. Sixteen clones represented only six different banding patterns, within which they shared 100% polymorphic AFLPs and RAPD markers, and likely are duplicates. In agreement with the results of other investigators, A. longicuspis and A. sativum clones were clustered together with no clear separation, suggesting these species are not genetically or specifically distinct. The topology of AFLP, RAPD, and isozyme dendrograms were similar, but RAPD and isozyme dendrograms reflected less and much less polymorphism, respectively. Comparison of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) dendrograms of AFLP, RAPD, and isozyme cluster analyses using the Mantel test indicated a correlation of 0.96, 0.55, and 0.57 between AFLP and RAPD, AFLP and isozyme, and RAPD and isozyme, respectively. Polymorphic AFLPs are abundant in garlic and demonstrated genetic diversity among closely related clones which could not be differentiated with RAPD markers and isozymes. Therefore, AFLP is an additional tool for fingerprinting and detailed assessment of genetic relationships in garlic.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Based on Morphological Traits of 19 Maize Genotypes Using Principal Component Analysis and GT Biplot

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Al-Naggar ◽  
M. M. Shafik ◽  
R. Y. M. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Genotypes

Among the phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular methods employed in assessment of genetic diversity, the phenotypic method has proven efficient for the assessment, description and classification of germplasm collections to enhance their use in maize breeding. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to assess the extent of genetic diversity in a collection of Egyptian commercial maize hybrids and populations, through field evaluation under water and N stressed and non-stressed conditions, using morphological data based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA), (ii) to measure the genetic distance among these genotypes using UPGMA cluster analysis and (iii) to assess the relationship between grain yield and yield-related traits of maize genotypes using GT-biplot analysis. A two-year field experiment was conducted in a split-split plot design with 3 replications, where 2 irrigation regimes, three N rates and 19 maize genotypes occupied the main plots, sub plots and sub-sub plots, respectively. The germplasm was assessed for 21 agronomic traits. Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were observed among the maize hybrids and populations for all measured traits.  Results of the GT biplot in the present study indicated that high values of 100-Kernel weight, ears/plant, kernels/plant, kernels/row, plant height, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and grain nitrogen content and short ASI could be considered reliable secondary traits for improving grain yield under stressed and non-stressed conditions. The highest genetic distance was found between G9 (SC-2055) and each of G15 (American Early Dent), G18 (Midland) or G19 (Ried Type). The Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering based on phenotypic data assigned the maize genotypes into five groups. The different groups obtained can be useful for deriving the inbred lines with diverse features and diversifying the heterotic pools.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Maize Hybrids and Populations and Interrelationships among Grain Yield and Its Related Traits under Drought and Low N Using Multivariate Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Al- Naggar ◽  
M. M. Shafik ◽  
Rabeh Y. M. Musa ◽  
A. S. M. Younis ◽  
A. H. Anany
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Maize Genotypes

One of the best biometrical methods for estimating genetic diversity among germplasm collections is multivariate analysis; it is used to study their variability and genetic relatedness in order to increase their value in plant breeding programs. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) evaluate the magnitude of genetic diversity, based on phenotypic data, among 19 maize genotypes, under drought and/or low N stressed conditions in the field, using principle component analysis (PCA) and (ii) assess the interrelationships between maize grain yield and its related traits under such stressed conditions using genotype × trait (GT) biplot analysis. An experiment was conducted in two seasons using a split-split plot design with 3 replications, where 2 irrigation regimes (well-watered and water stressed at flowering) occupied the main plots, three N rates (high N, medium N and low N) occupied the sub plots and 19 maize genotypes occupied the sub-sub plots. The genotypes were evaluated for 19 agronomic traits. Analysis of variance was performed under each of the six environments. Significant differences (p≤0.01) were recorded among the maize genotypes for all studied traits under each environment. The best genotypes for each trait were identified. Results of the GT biplot indicated that high means of 100-kernel weight (100-KW), ears/plant (EPP), ear height, days to silking, days to anthesis, plant height, and chlorophyll concentration index (CCI) under water stress (WS), kernels/row (KPR), EPP, 100-KW and CCI under low N and KPR, EPP and 100-KW under WS combined with low N environment and low values of anthesis-silking interval (ASI) under the three stressed environments could be considered selection criteria for high grain yield under respective stressed environments and for drought and/or low N tolerance. It is recommended to select for high values of KPR, EPP and 100-KW and low value of ASI in order to increase grain yield under such stressed conditions.

Characterisation of genetic diversity in potential biomass willows (Salix spp.) by RAPD and AFLP analyses

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline H Barker ◽  
Michaela Matthes ◽  
Gillian M Arnold ◽  
Keith J Edwards ◽  
Inger Åhman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Reference Set ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Salix Spp

The genus Salix (willow) contains a number of species which have great potential value as biomass crops in short rotation coppice (SRC). Efforts to improve biomass willows by breeding are currently hampered by the limited information available on genetic diversity and on genetic relationships within and among species, clones, and hybrids in the gene pool. Hybridisation occurs commonly in nature and the relatedness of many clones is unclear. Molecular markers were used to assess genetic diversity in a reference set of willows maintained within the U.K. National Collection and 16 elite clones currently being evaluated in field trials at several European sites. The two marker systems tested, RAPDs and AFLPs, were equally informative for revealing relationships within the reference set of clones. No differences were observed when alternative similarity coefficients were compared or when analysis was restricted to the use of polymorphic bands only. Good agreement with available knowledge of the clonal origins was obtained and one instance of duplicate clones was identified. AFLPs revealed more genetic diversity and discriminated between closely related clones. A difference in the relationships revealed was observed with one AFLP primer combination. RAPDs were more problematic, both in terms of reproducibility and scorability.Key words: Salix, willow, diversity, AFLP, RAPD, biomass.

Genetic diversity and relationships among Dutch elm disease tolerant Ulmus pumila L. accessions from China

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 492-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan E. Zalapa ◽  
Johanne Brunet ◽  
Raymond P. Guries
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Diversity Estimates ◽  
Regional Gene

Elm breeding programs worldwide have relied heavily on Asian elm germplasm, particularly Ulmus pumila , for the breeding of Dutch elm disease tolerant cultivars. However, the extent and patterning of genetic variation in Asian elm species is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the extent of genetic diversity among 53 U. pumila accessions collected throughout the People’s Republic of China. Using 23 microsatellite loci recently developed in the genus Ulmus , a total of 94 alleles were identified in 15 polymorphic and 4 monomorphic loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 4.9, with a range of 1–11 alleles. Gene diversity estimates per locus ranged from 0.08 to 0.87, and the non-exclusion probability for the 15 polymorphic loci combined was 0.7 × 10−9. Nineteen region-specific alleles were identified, and regional gene diversity estimates were moderately high (0.48–0.57). The genetic relationships among accessions and regions were estimated by UPGMA and principal coordinate analysis. Both techniques discriminated all accessions and regions. Two microsatellite markers (UR175 + UR123 or Ulm-3) were sufficient to discriminate up to 99.7% of the accessions studied. This research provides useful information for DNA-based fingerprinting, breeding, ecological studies, and diversity assessment of elm germplasm.

scholarly journals First Report of Recurrent Genomic Selection with Real Data in Popcorn and Genetic Gain Increases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Albino Schwantes ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
Janeo Eustáquio de Almeida Filho ◽  
Marcelo Vivas ◽  
Pablo Diego Silva Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Time Required

AbstractRecurrent Selection increases the frequencies of favorable alleles for economically important traits, which in the case of popcorn are popping expansion and grain yield. However, is time-consuming, since each selection cycle consists of three stages: progeny development and evaluation, and recombination of the best families. With the Recurrent Genomic Selection use, the time required for each selection cycle can be shortened, as it allows the evaluation and recombination phases to be performed simultaneously, reducing the time needed to complete one selection cycle to only one growing season. In this respect, the objective of this study was to determine the selection accuracy and genetic gains for different selection strategies: PhEN = estimates based exclusively on the phenotypic data of 98 plants; PhEN + GEN = estimates based exclusively on the phenotypic and genotypic data of 98 plants; and GEN = estimates based exclusively on SNP marker genotyping. The following traits were evaluated: 100-grain weight, ear height, grain yield, popping expansion, plant height, and popcorn volume. Field trials were carried out with 98 S1 progenies, at two locations, in an incomplete block design with three replications. The parents of these progenies were genotyped with a panel of ~ 21K SNPs. From the results based on the predictions by strategy GEN, at different selection intensities, the average annual genetic gain for the different traits was 29.1% and 25.2% higher than that by the strategies PhEN and GEN + PhEN for 98 selection candidates; 148.3% and 140.9% higher for 500; and 187.9% and 179.4% higher for 1,000 selection candidates, respectively. Therefore, recurrent genomic selection may result in a high genetic gain, provided that: i) phenotyping is accurate; ii) selection intensity is explored by genotyping several plants, increasing the number of selection candidates, and iii) genomic selection is used for early selection in recurrent selection.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Assessment and Biological Description of Caster bean crop (Riciunus communis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Kedir Wulchafo Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
High Level

Castor bean is an important nonedible oilseed crop that has many industrial uses. Genetic diversity in a germplasm is the fundamental requirement for crop improvement programs. There are several genetic markers available for assessment of genetic diversity among the genotypes and accessions. Though castor bean is a monotypic, it exhibits wide phenotypic diversity. In castor bean, genetic markers such as agro-morphological characters, biochemical and cytological markers were widely used in characterization of genetic variation in the germplasm from India, Nigeria, Turkey, China, Brazil, Iran, and Ethiopia which indicated a low-to-high-level diversity in the castor bean germplasm depending on the markers and the genotypes studied.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Assessment of Quantitative Traits in Landraces of Aus Rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
M. A. Siddique ◽  
M. Khalequzzaman ◽  
M. Z. Islam ◽  
M. H. K. Baktiar ◽  
M. S. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
High Yielding Variety ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Genetic diversity of 46 landraces of Aus rice was studiedunder irrigated condition through Mahalanobis D2 statistics for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The highest inter-genotype distance was observed between the genotypes Lalgalong and Langrabeni and the lowest between Saita and Korchamuri respectively. The intra cluster distances were low for all the clusters ranging from 0.64 in cluster IV to 1.17 in cluster I. The highest inter cluster value was 11.45 (between cluster III and V) and the lowest was 4.36 (between cluster VI and VII). The highest cluster means for effective tiller number and grain yield per hill were obtained from cluster III. On the other hand, the highest leaf width and the highest spikelet fertility from cluster IV, tallest plant and the highest grain breadth from cluster VI, the highest 1000-grain weight from cluster V whereas the lowest mean value for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were found in cluster VI.The genotypes from cluster III could be hybridized with the genotypes of other clusters for producing transgressivesegregants. Canonicalvectoranalysis revealed that days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were contributed maximum to the genetic divergence. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed that the genotypes Begun bitchi, Rang mahal, Laxmijhota, Katar, Chiknal, Manikmendal, Baismugurwere found far away from the centroid of the cluster and can be selected as parents for further breeding programs.The results suggested thatLalgalong (acc. no. 1655) and Langrabeni (acc. no. 1645) can be crossed with the genotypes of cluster III and cluster VI to develop more promising as well as high yielding variety for Aus season.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document