Front line demonstrations to improve the productivity of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Banda district of Bundelkhhand region of Uttar Pradesh

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banda organized 79 clusters front line demonstrations during Rabi seasons of years 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 on Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) along with Line sowing technology and high yielding variety on farmers’ fields in the six villages. The soil of this area was two kinds of black soils known as kabar and mar with pH range 6.8 to 7.8, organic matter 0.23 to 0.47 per cent, available nitrogen and also phosphorus was found low, potash was medium and soil organic carbon was low in all the demonstration plots. Yield of linseed was recorded between 9.45to 15.3q per ha (average 13.65 q/ha) by adoption of improved package of practices as Recommended Dose of Fertilizer along with Line sowing and high yielding variety over existing farmers practices, an average increase of 22.89 per cent in grain yield was recorded during the study period due to improved package of practices. Average technology gap was 3.01q/ha, extension gap was 2.54q/ha and averaged technology index was 18.07 per cent. The average net returns was recorded Rs. 41099 /ha from demonstration compared to farmer’s field was Rs. 32036/ha. The averaged BCR was also reported to be higher 3.25 compared to farmers’ practice (2.99) it was due to Recommended Dose of Fertilizer along with Line sowing technology and high yielding variety.

Evaluation of Desi Type Chickpea (Cicer artinum L.) Genotypes for Yield and Yield Components in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia

Background: Chickpea is the second most important legumes next to faba bean in Ethiopia. The productivity of chickpea in the country is below 2 t/ha but its yield potential reaches 5-6 t/ha. The major reasons attributed to non-availability of widely adaptable and high yielding varieties. Therefore; the objective of this experiment was to identify and recommend a widely adaptable and high yielding variety. Methods: Forty genotypes with checks were evaluated in RCB design with three replications at four locations for two years. Phenological and Agronomical data collected and analyzed by using SAS software 9.0 version.Result: The combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes. Based on ANOVA and GEI analysis result three promising genotypes namely ICCV-93954, DO47 and ICC-07108 with average seed yield of 2931.5kg/ha, 2731.6kg/ha and 2335.4kg/ha respectively, were selected and verified. Among the verified genotypes ICCV- 93954 has been officially released and recommended in the name of Mitik, for production in the tested and similar areas of chickpea growing in the region.

West Java local rice panicle branching architecture

As local varieties of rice have a very important role as a source of valuable traits in developing high yielding variety through plant breeding programs, it is needed to be characterized. Panicle branching characterization is one of the efforts to understand local varieties of rice characteristics more. We have observed thirtheen characters of panicle branching on 24 West Java local rice varieties. Five panicles of each varieties as accession was observed and statistical analysed. Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test showed differences among accessions in all panicle branching characteristics observed. Based on Principles Component Analysis (PCA), the panicle branching characters observed generally showed the same direction, but among them were not always to be correlated. In the result of clustering based on the ward linkage method, the accessions were divided into two clusters. The first one had 8 members, and the second one had 16 members. The cophenetic correlation coefficient was 0.60, indicated that the clustering through standardized value was faithfully enough to represent the original distances. The result of this research can provide the information for breeder in selecting rice genotypes which have more seeds per panicle as parent in assembling new high yielding rice varieties.

Evaluation and Release of High Yielding and High Oil Containing Mustard for Terai and Inner Terai of Nepal

In Recent years, cultivation of Mustard (Brassica juncea) is growing popularity but there is lack of suitable high yielding and oil contenting variety in Nepal. With Objective of identifying and releasing of high yielding variety, evaluation of exotic genotypes were done in the research field and farmers field. Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) was conducted for three years in three different location (Nawalpur, parwanipur and Khajura) in RCBD design. 4 Elite genotypes were selected and further evaluate under Coordinated Farmer Field Trial (CFFT) for 5 years where each farmer was considered as Replication. Nutrients Analysis was done to find out the moisture, oil and protein content of selected elite genotypes. In combined ANNOVA of CVT, ICJ 9704 was found to be high yielding genotypes. Similarly, In CFFT, genotypes was significantly for yield where ICJ 9704 produced highest yield (906.75 kg/ha) where as Divya, Pusa Jagarnath and Krishna produced yield of 798.12 kg/ha, 790 kg/ha and 767.392 kg/ha. ICJ 9704 has high oil content 37.3 % with 36.3 % protein content. In 2017, ICJ 9704 was release as Morang rayo and was recommended to grow in the terai and inner terai. Hope this variety will be popular among mustard growing farmer and will help to meet the national demand of the Nation. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(4): 454-456

The Selection of Gamma-Ray Irradiated Higher Yield Rice Mutants by Directed Evolution Method

We have succeeded in selecting four higher yield mutants from five gamma-ray irradiated high-yielding Japanese rice varieties using a novel approach. A total of 464 M2 plants which had heavier total panicle weights per plant were first selected from 9801 irradiated M2 plants. Their higher yields were confirmed by yield trials conducted for three years with a six to ten-pairwise replicated plot design. FukuhibikiH6 and FukuhibikiH8 were selected from an irradiated high-yielding variety Fukuhibiki and showed 1.2% to 22.5% higher yield than their original significantly. YamadawaraH3 was selected from an irradiated high-yielding variety Yamadawara and its yield advantages were 2.7% to 3.9%. However, there was no difference in the genotypes of the 96 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers between the higher yield mutants and their respective original varieties. The differences in the measured phenotypical traits between each mutant and its original variety were not constant and the actual differences were marginal. Therefore, the higher yields of the selected mutants were likely to have been caused by physiological traits rather than phenotypical traits. The selection method used in this study is an application of the directed evolution method which has long been commonly used in the substantial improvements of microorganisms and their proteins.

Penyuluhan Budidaya Padi Ladang Varietas Unggul Di Desa Efi-Efi Kecamatan Tobelo Selatan

This community service activity is carried out in the Efi-Efi Village, South Tobelo District, with the aim of providing skills and knowledge to farmers both about the use of high yielding variety of upland rice seeds and good upland rice cultivation techniques. The method used in this service is counseling about the cultivation of upland rice, the provision of high yielding variety of upland rice seeds and agricultural equipment and the making of high yielding variety of upland rice demonstration plots. Participants in this activity are the farmer women's group Efi-Efi, amounting to 20 members, who have been planting upland varieties of local upland rice. The results of the evaluation of community service activities showed that the knowledge and skills of the groups of women farmers who cultivated field rice had increased, and farmers accepted the use of high yielding variety of upland rice seeds introduced to them. In addition, there has also been a change in understanding in terms of shifting cultivation as has been done so far.

Self Seed Production by Farmers Protect Their Rights and Enhance Their Sovereignty

Farmer’s right and their sovereignty is an important issue related with intellectual property rights and agrobiodiversity management. To boost farmer’s right, a conceptual hypothesis is proposed where they choose either a new high yielding variety or the existing one and apply conventional breeding approaches to select the seed for next years in their own fields. Although farmers produce seeds traditionally from several years, they have not been guided with scientific discipline to produce sufficient amount of quality seeds. This new concept suggests trained farmers can use breeding approaches to produce quality seed for their own use.

High-Yielding Variety Policies in Africa

Chapter 10 highlights policy priorities capable of generating large productivity improvements, balance of payments improvements, and big increases in employment, especially for rural women. Growth, structural transformation, and welfare improvements in African economies require a sustained high investment rate, led by public sector spending to maximize crowding in of private investment; they require state support for the development of ‘national champion’ firms (and farms); they cannot be sustained without a massive export drive; investment needs to be encouraged in specific kinds of labour-intensive economic activities. This ‘possibilist’ strategy depends developing capabilities for monitoring performance and disciplining recipients of state resources; among the relevant targets for firms are measures to encourage the effective organization and voice of the workers they employ. The strategy also has to include policies to expand the non-inflationary supply of basic wage goods, including intervention to manage grain prices.

Performance Evaluation of Chickpea Varieties (Cicer arietinum L.) at Bule Hora and Abaya Southern Ethiopia

Chickpea is among the major pulse crops grown in southern Ethiopia including Borana and West guji zone. The area has potential to the production of Chickpea for food and nutrition security as well as export commodity. However, scarcity of varieties that fit to the environment is one of the major constraints of production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate 9 chickpea varieties to select adaptable varieties for yield and agronomic traits. The field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at two locations (Abaya and Bule hora) and varieties were planted in Randomized complete block design. Data were collected on yield and important agronomic traits. Analysis of variance computed for individual locations and combined analysis over locations revealed significant variations among varieties. Moreover, Varieties showed a grain yield as high as 1087.5kg/ha and 873.79kg/ha at Bule hora and Abaya respectively. Minjar variety is significantly high yielding variety at both locations with yield advantage of 26.13% and 52.07% over variety mean at Bule hora and Abaya respectively and therefore recommended for both locations and locations with similar agro ecologies.

STUDY OF MUTANT BREAKER VARIETIES ACCORDING TO THE BASIC ECONOMIC-VALUABLE SIGNS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

The mutant varieties M KK-3523 and M KK-3560 turned out to be relatively large-box varieties. These varieties exceeded the standard from +0.1 to +0.3 grams. In the non-irradiated variant, the large-box variety was KK-3547. According to frozen crop from the irradiated variant, the mutant variety M KK-3523 was a relatively high-yielding variety when it had an excess of yield against the standard by 10.3%. In non-irradiated grades KK-3536, KK-3548 and KK-3530 for frozen harvest had an excess against the standard from 5.0 to 6.8%. KEYWORDS: Cotton breeding induced mutagenesis, mutant, radiation dose, mutation, variety, hybrids, cell, yield, precocity, fiber yield, fiber length.