Clinical significance and the first identification of human parechoviruses in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (25) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Reuter ◽  
Mária Új ◽  
Péter Pankovics ◽  
Tímea Kolozsi ◽  
Ilona Mihály ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Archived Samples ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Cytopathogenic Effect

Human parechoviruses (HPeV) belonging to the family Picornaviridae are widespread enteric pathogens and are associated with various clinical syndromes in human. At present, 16 HPeV genotypes (HPeV1–16) are known. There is no report on the detection of HPeVs in Central Europe. Aims: The aim of the retrospective study was to detect and characterize HPeVs using molecular methods in cell cultures with “enterovirus-like” cytophatic effect (CPE) archived between 1990 and 2004, in two virology laboratories, in Hungary. Materials and methods: In Laboratory I, fecal samples from children with symptoms of gastroenteritis under the age of 10 years were cultured as a previous routine diagnostic laboratory protocol for “enterovirus”. Cell cultures indicating CPE were archived between 1990 and 2000. In Laboratory II, 2 fecal samples, a liquor and a nasopharyngeal aspirate were re-tested which contained an “enterovirus-like” virus in cell cultures and were positive by HPeV1 neutralization immunosera between 2000 and 2004. Specimens were tested retrospectively for HPeV by reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) method using 5’UTR conserved primers. Specific primers were designed to determine the HPeV structural region (VP0-VP3-VP1). Results: 9 of the 66 archived samples (9.1%) from Laboratory I and all the 4 samples from Laboratory II were found to be HPeV-positive. 10 samples were identified as HPeV1, 2 were HPeV4 and 1 could not be determined. 3 HPeV1 clusters were identified in Laboratory I according to the isolation date originated from years 1990/1991, 1992/1995 and 1998. HPeV1 was detected in clinical syndromes: gastroenteritis (in a 24-years-old adult), recurrent stomatitis aphtosa (in a 42-years-old adult), encephalitis and ataxia cerebellaris acuta in infants and children in Laboratory II. Conclusions: This is the first detection of HPeVs in Central Europe. Detection and genetic characterization of HPeV in available historical samples infected with previously unidentifiable agents with “enterovirus-like” cytopathogenic effect may help to understand the clinical importance and spectrum of the infections and the genetic diversity and evolution of these viruses. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1007–1012.

Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.

Porcine teschovirus, sapelovirus, and enterovirus in Swiss pigs: multiplex RT-PCR investigation of viral frequencies and disease association

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110258
Author(s):  
Tamara Stäubli ◽  
Charlotte I. Rickli ◽  
Paul R. Torgerson ◽  
Cornel Fraefel ◽  
Julia Lechmann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Porcine Teschovirus ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Pathology Data

Porcine teschovirus (PTV), sapelovirus (PSV-A), and enterovirus (EV-G) are enteric viruses that can infect pigs and wild boars worldwide. The viruses have been associated with several diseases, primarily gastrointestinal, neurologic, reproductive, and respiratory disorders, but also with subclinical infections. However, for most serotypes, proof of a causal relationship between viral infection and clinical signs is still lacking. In Switzerland, there has been limited investigation of the occurrence of the 3 viruses. We used a modified multiplex reverse-transcription PCR protocol to study the distribution of the viruses in Swiss pigs by testing 363 fecal, brain, and placental or abortion samples from 282 healthy and diseased animals. We did not detect the 3 viruses in 94 placental or abortion samples or in 31 brain samples from healthy pigs. In brain tissue of 81 diseased pigs, we detected 5 PSV-A and 4 EV-G positive samples. In contrast, all 3 viruses were detected at high frequencies in fecal samples of both healthy and diseased pigs. In healthy animals, PTV was detected in 47%, PSV-A in 51%, and EV-G in 70% of the 76 samples; in diseased animals, frequencies in the 81 samples were 54%, 64%, and 68%, respectively. The viruses were detected more frequently in fecal samples from weaned and fattening pigs compared to suckling piglets and sows. Co-detections of all 3 viruses were the most common finding. Based on clinical and pathology data, statistical analysis yielded no evidence for an association of virus detection and disease. Further research is required to determine if pathogenicity is linked to specific serotypes of these viruses.

scholarly journals Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.

Prevalence of Fecal Salmonella Shedding by Cull Dairy Cattle Marketed in Washington State

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. GAY ◽  
DANIEL H. RICE ◽  
JACOB H. STEIGER
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
Rectal Swabs

On nine occasions over a 1-year period, cull dairy cattle (n = 1,289) at four saleyards and one abattoir in Washington State were surveyed for salmonellae shedding by bacterial culture of duplicate rectal swabs, 251 single fecal samples and duplicate rectal swabs, and 225 mesenteric lymph node and duplicate rectal swabs. Using parallel selective enrichment and brilliant green media, salmonellae were isolated from six cattle, from rectal swabs only, and consisted of five isolates of Salmonella typhimurium and one of Salmonella dublin. In the two rectal swab- positive cattle for which mesenteric nodes were also sampled, 1-g samples of the nodes were negative. The rate of fecal shedding of cull dairy cattle marketed in Washington State as detected by this methodology is estimated to be 4.6 per 1,000 head (95% confidence interval of 1.9 to 10.6) and is expected to be no higher than 9.2 per 1,000 head if larger fecal samples were used. Based on antibiograms and plasmid profiles, none of the six isolates matched any of the 280 previously characterized isolates of the same serotypes obtained from human salmonellosis cases 2 years previously by the State health department. Four of the five S. typhimurium isolates matched three of 215 S. typhimurium isolates obtained from bovine submissions to the State's animal disease diagnostic laboratory and by a field animal disease investigation unit. The S. dublin isolate matched 17 of the 165 S. dublin isolates in those submissions. In this State, swab sampling of cull dairy cows at the point of first market concentration does not appear to be an efficient method of detecting salmonellae- infected dairy herds.

scholarly journals Real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and its potential use in clinical diagnosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Bustin ◽  
Reinhold Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Pcr Assays

qRT-PCR (real-time reverse transcription-PCR) has become the benchmark for the detection and quantification of RNA targets and is being utilized increasingly in novel clinical diagnostic assays. Quantitative results obtained by this technology are not only more informative than qualitative data, but simplify assay standardization and quality management. qRT-PCR assays are most established for the detection of viral load and therapy monitoring, and the development of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-associated coronavirus qRT-PCR assays provide a textbook example of the value of this technology for clinical diagnostics. The widespread use of qRT-PCR assays for diagnosis and the detection of disease-specific prognostic markers in leukaemia patients provide further examples of their usefulness. Their value for the detection of disease-associated mRNA expressed by circulating tumour cells in patients with solid malignancies is far less apparent, and the clinical significance of results obtained from such tests remains unclear. This is because of conceptual reservations as well as technical limitations that can interfere with the diagnostic specificity of qRT-PCR assays. Therefore, although it is evident that qRT-PCR assay has become a useful and important technology in the clinical diagnostic laboratory, it must be used appropriately and it is essential to be aware of its limitations if it is to fulfil its potential.

Aerobe Glykolyse in mit Poliomyelitis-Viren und ECHO-Virus Typ 9 infizierten Gewebekulturen

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Luthardt ◽  
D. Wilken
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Virus Multiplication ◽  
Anaerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Echo Virus ◽  
Multiplication Cycle ◽  
Cytopathogenic Effect ◽  
Glycolytic Rate

Experiments on aerobic glycolytic metabolism in tissue cultures during the multiplication of poliomyelitis virus led to varying results. Some authors found the rate unaltered, others observed a transitory, but considerable increase.In this series of experiments aerobic glycolysis was measured after infection of monkey kidney and HeLa cell cultures with all three serotypes of poliomyelitis virus and with ECHO-Virus type 9. Virus multiplication was measured and the cytopathogenic effect observed in the same cultures.At the time of inoculation the cell cultures had varying rates of glycolysis, some none at all. In none of the experiments was virus multiplication associated with a change in glycolytic rate. In some cases a transitory rate increase could be observed after the completion of virus liberation. This phenomenon is not a result of virus multiplication but probably of cytolysis. The capability of glycolytic rate increase in the cell-cultures used was proved with 2.4-dinitrophenol.After the end of the virus multiplication cycle the rate of aerobic glycolysis does not drop suddenly, as does that of respiration and anaerobic glycolysis. This finding is considered to show that respiration and anaerobic glycolysis play the essential part in the energy-donating metabolism of cell-cultures.The increase of the glycolytic rate during enterovirus infection described in the literature is nonspecific with respect to virus multiplication.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on Recombinant Human Group C Rotavirus Inner Capsid Protein (VP6) To Detect Human Group C Rotaviruses in Fecal Samples

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3178-3181 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. A. James ◽  
P. R. Lambden ◽  
E. O. Caul ◽  
, and I. N. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Group C Rotavirus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rotavirus Infections

A recent study showed that 43% of a population in the United Kingdom were seropositive for group C rotavirus. The higher than expected incidence may be due to limited diagnosis of acute human group C rotavirus infections because no routine test is available. Human group C rotavirus infections are routinely diagnosed by electron microscopy (EM) and a negative group A rotavirus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) result. An antigen-detection ELISA was developed with hyperimmune antibodies raised to human group C rotavirus recombinant VP6 (Bristol strain) expressed in insect cells. The assay was used to screen fecal samples to determine the prevalence of group C rotavirus infection. Samples positive by ELISA were confirmed by EM, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of double-stranded RNA, or detection of the VP6 gene by reverse transcription-PCR. Retrospective analysis indicated a 1 to 2% detection rate of positivity among samples from patients with acute diarrhea.

scholarly journals European Multicenter Evaluation of Commercial Enzyme Immunoassays for Detecting Norovirus Antigen in Fecal Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1349-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim J. Gray ◽  
Evelyne Kohli ◽  
Franco M. Ruggeri ◽  
Harry Vennema ◽  
Alicia Sánchez-Fauquier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Commercial Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Thermo Fisher Scientific ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Screening Assays ◽  
Fisher Scientific

ABSTRACT A total of 2,254 fecal samples were tested in a European multicenter evaluation of commercially available norovirus antigen detection assays. Two commercial enzyme immunoassays, IDEIA Norovirus (Oxoid; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ely, United Kingdom) and RIDASCREEN Norovirus (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany), were included in the evaluation, and their performance was compared with the results of reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Included in the evaluation were samples collected in sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, samples from outbreaks in which two or more samples were collected, well-characterized samples representing genotypes currently cocirculating within Europe, and samples collected from patients with gastroenteritis caused by a pathogen other than norovirus. The sensitivities and specificities of the IDEIA Norovirus and RIDASCREEN Norovirus assays were 58.93 and 43.81% and 93.91 and 96.37%, respectively, compared with RT-PCR. The sensitivities of both assays for outbreak investigations improved when six or more samples from an outbreak were examined. The IDEIA Norovirus assay exhibited reactivity to a broader range of norovirus genotypes than the RIDASCREEN Norovirus assay, which showed genotype-dependent sensitivities. The results indicate that, if used, these assays should serve as screening assays and the results should be confirmed by RT-PCR.

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