scholarly journals How to break bad news?: Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Hajialiloo Sami ◽  
Azra Izanloo ◽  
Amir Mohamad Arefpour ◽  
Masoud Mirkazemi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment ◽  
Major Step

Purpose: We conducted a systematic review of studies that focus on existing protocols for oncologists and other physicians who are in touch with cancer patients.Method:We searched all internationally published articles on the introduction of a protocol as the guideline. To this purpose, we did a thorough search of Pubmed and Cochrane Collaboration Library databases and reviewed all articles from 2010 to 2017.Results:We introduced 7 papers from 7 countries and evaluated their proposed protocols. A primary protocol called SPIKES had been discussed in most studies. This protocol emphasized the six steps of setting, perception, invitation, knowledge, empathy and summary.Conclusion: BBN is a balanced action that requires oncologists and other specialists to consistently adapt to its different criteria. Developing the ability to personalize and adapt to therapeutic treatment with respect to communications can be a major step forward in the training and exercises that physicians receive in connection to communication skills.

scholarly journals Impact of Vibration on the Levels of Biomarkers: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110195
Author(s):  
Ashish Agrawal ◽  
TM Chou
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Proquest Dissertation

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effect of vibrational force on biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: An electronic search was conducted for relevant studies (up to December 31, 2020) on the following databases: Pubmed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wiley Library, and ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. Hand searching of selected orthodontic journals was also undertaken. The selected studies were assessed for the risk of bias in Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool. The “traffic plot” and “weighted plot” risk of bias distribution are designed in the RoB 2 tool. The 2 authors extracted the data and analyzed it. Results: Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risks of biases were high for 4, low and some concern for other 2 studies. The biomarkers, medium, device, frequency and duration of device, as well as other data were extracted. The outcomes of the studies were found to be heterogenous. Conclusion: One study showed highly statistically significant levels of IL-1 beta with <.001. Rate of tooth movement was correlated with levels of released biomarkers under the influence of vibrational force in 3 studies, but it was found to be significant only in 1 study. It was further observed that vibration does not have any significant reduction in pain and discomfort.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary phytochemicals on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation: a systematic review of human intervention trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Clifford ◽  
Jarred P. Acton ◽  
Stuart P. Cocksedge ◽  
Kelly A. Bowden Davies ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Nrf2 Activation ◽  
Dietary Phytochemicals ◽  
Intervention Trials

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review of human trials examining the effects of dietary phytochemicals on Nrf2 activation. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, Medline, Embase and CAB abstracts were searched for articles from inception until March 2020. Studies in adult humans that measured Nrf2 activation (gene or protein expression changes) following ingestion of a phytochemical, either alone or in combination were included. The study was pre-registered on the Prospero database (Registration Number: CRD42020176121). Twenty-nine full-texts were retrieved and reviewed for analysis; of these, eighteen were included in the systematic review. Most of the included participants were healthy, obese or type 2 diabetics. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Twelve different compounds were examined in the included studies: curcumin, resveratrol and sulforaphane were the most common (n = 3 each). Approximately half of the studies reported increases in Nrf2 activation (n = 10); however, many were of poor quality and had an unclear or high risk of bias. There is currently limited evidence that phytochemicals activate Nrf2 in humans. Well controlled human intervention trials are needed to corroborate the findings from in vitro and animal studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Composite Core Materials on Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2251
Author(s):  
Maciej Zarow ◽  
Marzena Dominiak ◽  
Katarzyna Szczeklik ◽  
Louis Hardan ◽  
Rim Bourgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
The Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Core Materials

Various material properties are involved in the success of endodontically treated restorations. At present, restorative composites are commonly employed as core build-up materials. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to assess the effect of using composite core materials on the in vitro fracture of endodontically treated teeth. Two different reviewers screened the literature, up to June 2021, in five distinct electronic databases: PubMed (MedLine), Scopus, Scielo, ISI Web of Science, and EMBASE. Only in vitro studies reporting the effect of the use of composite core materials on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth were included. A meta-analysis was carried out using a software program (Review Manager v5.4.1; The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). The risk of bias in each study was assessed following the parameters of another systematic review. A total of 5016 relevant papers were retrieved from all databases. After assessing the title and abstract, five publications remained for qualitative analysis. From these, only three studies remained for meta-analysis. The fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth where a core build-up composite was used was statistically significantly higher than the control (p = 0.04). Most of the analyses showed a high heterogenicity. The in vitro evidence suggests that the composite core build-up with higher filler content tended to improve the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated teeth, in comparison with conventional composite resins. This research received no external funding. Considering that this systematic review was only carried out on in vitro papers, registration was not performed. Furthermore, there were no identified clinical studies assessing core build-up materials; therefore, more well-designed research on these materials is needed.

scholarly journals Neonatal Uterine Bleedings: An Ignored Sign but a Possible Cause of Early-Onset Endometriosis – A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Judith  Dekker ◽  
Isabelle Hooijer ◽  
Johannes C.F. Ket ◽  
Aleksandra Vejnović ◽  
Giuseppe Benagiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Screening Techniques ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
The Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Possible Cause

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Based on the hypothesis that neonatal uterine bleedings (NUB), occurring mostly in the first week after birth, could represent a pathogenetic mechanism for early-onset endometriosis, this systematic review (SR) was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence and screening strategies used to assess and quantify NUB. <b><i>Design:</i></b> Both a SR and a sample literature search in PubMed and Embase were conducted to gather information on NUB prevalence and screening techniques. This was performed by an information specialist. Only full-text articles regarding the assessment of NUB in neonates in the first 2 weeks after birth were included. No limit on language or publication data was used. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The SR was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019138121). Data was first assessed for eligibility on title and abstract by 2 blinded review authors. Any disagreements were discussed with a third reviewer if necessary. Subsequently, full-text articles were read and assessed for quality using the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of 1,988 articles in the systematic search, 10 relevant articles were selected, of which 8 were identified through the systematic search and 2 were found through other sources. The sample search of 4,445 articles did not bring up relevant articles. Results were not comparable due to the heterogeneity of screening techniques, although data showed consensus. The prevalence of visible bleeding ranged from 3.3 to 53.8% and the prevalence of occult bleeding from 25.4 to 96.7%. The occurrence was the highest between the 3rd and 7th day postpartum (PP) and the bleeding lasted for 3–4 days on average. Various screening techniques for detecting NUB were found in the literature, including the use of hemoglobin detection devices (such as Hemastix) in the vaginal vestibulum, comparison of diapers with stains of known volume, colposcopy, and ultrasonography. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The reported prevalence of NUB varies considerably, with a consistent occurrence between the 3rd and the 7th day PP. Literature to assess NUB is dated. The techniques are poorly described and heterogeneous. Future research should focus on prospective cohort studies in order to attempt to correlate NUB cases to (early-onset) endometriosis.

Breaking Bad News — Skills and Evidence

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Thistlethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Breaking Bad News ◽  
Breaking Bad ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Patient’S View ◽  
The Impact

Bad or unfavorable news may be defined as ‘any news that drastically and negatively alters the patient's view of her or his future’( Buckman 1992 ). When GPs talk about breaking bad news, they usually mean telling patients that they have cancer, though in fact similar communication skills may be employed when informing patients about a positive human immunodeficiency virus status, or that a relative has died. Of key importance in the process is the doctor gaining an understanding of what the patient's view of the future is or was — the expectation that now might not be met. A doctor should not assume the impact of the diagnosis without exploring the patient's worldview.

scholarly journals User involvement in adolescents’ mental healthcare: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e018800
Author(s):  
Petter Viksveen ◽  
Stig Erlend Bjønness ◽  
Siv Hilde Berg ◽  
Nicole Elizabeth Cardenas ◽  
Julia Rose Game ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Evaluation Approach

IntroductionUser involvement has become a growing importance in healthcare. The United Nations state that adolescents have a right to be heard, and user involvement in healthcare is a legal right in many countries. Some research provides an insight into the field of user involvement in somatic and mental healthcare for adults, but little is known about user involvement in adolescents’ mental healthcare, and no overview of the existing research evidence exists.Methods and analysisThe aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of existing research reporting on experiences with and the effectiveness and safety issues associated with user involvement for adolescents’ mental healthcare at the individual and organisational level. A systematic literature search and assessment of published research in the field of user involvement in adolescents’ mental healthcare will be carried out. Established guidelines will be used for data extraction (Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)), critical appraisal (Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary) and reporting of results (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and CASP). Confidence in the research evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Adolescents are included as coresearchers for the planning and carrying out of this systematic review. This systematic review will provide an overview of the existing research literature and thereby fill a knowledge gap. It may provide various stakeholders, including decision-makers, professionals, individuals and their families, with an overview of existing knowledge in an underexplored field of research.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this systematic review as we are not collecting primary data. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and at conference presentations and will be shared with stakeholder groups.

scholarly journals Pharmacological interventions for drug-using offenders: an update to a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Glanville ◽  
A. E. Perry ◽  
M. Martyn-St James ◽  
C. Hewitt ◽  
S. Swami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This updated systematic review assesses the effects of pharmacological interventions for drug-using offenders. Methods Systematic review protocols and conventions of the Cochrane Collaboration were followed to identify eligible studies. Studies were pooled in a meta-analysis to assess the impact of pharmacological interventions on drug use and criminal activity. An economic appraisal was conducted. Results The search strategies identified 22 studies containing 4372 participants. Meta-analyses revealed a small statistically significant mean difference favouring pharmacological interventions relative to psychological interventions in reducing drug use and criminal activity. When comparing the drugs to one another there were no significant differences between those included (methadone versus buprenorphine, naltrexone and cyclazocine). Conclusion Overall, the findings of this review suggest that methadone and naltrexone may have some impact on reducing drug use and reincarceration. Individual pharmacological drugs had differing (generally non-significant) effects. One study identified serious adverse events. Three studies reported cost and consequences information sufficient to conduct a full economic analysis but this was not comprehensive enough to be able to make judgements across all treatment options. Full economic analyses should be encouraged. The study findings were limited mainly to male adult offenders.

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