High Strength Conductors and Structural Materials for High Field Magnets

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 1233-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Han ◽  
Rongmei Niu ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Vince Toplosky
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
High Field ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Lattice Distortions ◽  
Materials Used

ABSTRACTOne important approach to increasing High magnetic fields (HMF) beyond what is now possible is to improve the properties of various composite materials used as both conductors and structural support. Typical conductors for high field magnets are Cu-based metal-metal composites. To achieve high mechanical strength, these composites are fabricated by cold deformation, which introduces high densities of interfaces along with lattice distortions. During the operation of a magnet, mechanical load, high magnetic field, extreme temperatures and other stressors are imposed on the materials, causing them to be further “processed”. The composite conductors in a magnet, for example, may undergo high temperatures, which reduce lattice distortions or soften the material. At the same time, HMF may increase lattice distortion, leading to a complex change in interface characteristics. Both the mechanical properties of the conductors, like the tensile and yield strength, and the electric conductivity of the composites are closely connected to changes in lattice distortion and interface density. Understanding these changes helps us to assure that materials can operate in optimized conditions during most of magnets’ service life. Maximizing service life is critical, given the high cost of building and operating high field magnets. The goal of this paper is to 1) show our understanding of changes that occur in the properties of selected materials during the fabrication and under HMF and 2) to discuss how those changes relate to the microstructure of these materials and consequently to the service life of high field magnets.

AW-TEN

Alloy Digest ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Superior Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Minimum Yield

Abstract AW-TEN is a high-strength structural steel offering 50,000 psi minimum yield strength, good formability and weldability, and superior corrosion resistance. It is intended primarily for weight reduction and longer service life. It is recommended for automobile and truck bodies, buildings, bridges, railway cars, booms, etc. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and bend strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-199. Producer or source: Alan Wood Steel Company.

A study of the dielectric properties of PZT and PT ceramics depending on the lattice distortion

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duan -Ming Zhang ◽  
Xiang -Yun Han ◽  
Zhi -Hua Li ◽  
Zhi -Cheng Zhong ◽  
Wen -Sheng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Rhombohedral Phase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Coexistence Region ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Lattice Distortions

Depending on the lattice distortion, the dielectric properties of PZT and PT ceramics are studied from a structural phase transition point of view. The study involves a more profound physical process than the study of the relation between the dielectric properties and composition x. Two equations connecting the dielectric properties and the lattice distortions are established in the tetragonal and rhombohedral phase regions. In particular, the relation between the dielectric properties and the lattice distortion is investigated in the phase coexistence region of PZT ceramics using a phase statistical distribution model, and we determine the fitting value of the volume fraction of the tetragonal phase VT to composition x in the equation. All the fitting results indicate that our results are very consistent with the related experimental data for PZT and PT ceramics.PACS Nos.: 64.70.–p, 77.22.–d, 77.84.–s

UV Activated Copolymerization Coatings of Urethane Acrylates for Use in the Cosmetic Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zane Grigale-Soročina
Keyword(s):  
Color Constancy ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Component Selection ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Pigmented Coatings

In the dissertation compositions of urethane diacrylates and monoacrylates have been studied, which when curing under the conditions of UV-activated copolymerization process meeting the requirements of cosmetic varnishes, form cross-linked structure coatings with high strength-deformation, surface hardness, surface light reflectance, adhesion and other parameters. The review of the literature summarizes information on the types of natural nail coatings and the basic components entering them. Restrictions on the choice of basic components entering the system are described. The effect of conditions and components on the natural nail is described. The materials used in the research are described in the methodological part of the work. The process of obtaining compositions is described. The research methods used are described: characterization of rheological properties of non-polymerized compositions, differential thermal analysis of polymerization process, determination of polymerization depth, determination of crosslinked part of polymerized systems, determination of yield tensile strength-deformation, coating surface hardness, surface gloss and surface wear, assessment of adhesion and its durability, in-vitro and in-vivo coating adhesion studies on natural nails, spectroscopic analysis of pigmented coatings and assessment of color constancy, comparison of coating compositions in terms of their functionality and effects on human health. In the experimental part of the work, methodologies for component selection, composite system formation and obtaining appropriate coatings have been developed. A methodology has been developed for the evaluation of the set of structures and properties of the obtained coatings. The influence of the chemical nature and content ratios of urethane diacrylates and monoacrylates suitable for the formation of separate cosmetic coatings on the indicators of cross-linked structures formed in the process of UV-activated copolymerization and the corresponding indicators of coating properties has been studied. The influence of individual additives on the properties of cross-linked coatings, their adhesion to the surface and the durability of the coating at removal process has been evaluated.

High Strength Conductors for High Field Magnets

2012 ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Han ◽  
Robert Walsh ◽  
Vince Toplosky ◽  
Jun Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Field ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Strength Conductors

Modeling the Influence of Microstructure on Stress Distributions and Concentrations in Pitting Corrosion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Brewick ◽  
Andrew Geltmacher ◽  
Siddiq M. Qidwai
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
Corrosion Pit ◽  
Stress Concentration Factors ◽  
Corrosion Pits

Despite the many advances made in material science, stainless steel and aluminum remain the structural materials best-suited for the naval fleet. While these metallic materials offer many benefits, such as high strength and good toughness, their persistent exposure to the maritime environment inevitably leads to issues with corrosion. Among the various manifestations of corrosion, pitting corrosion is of particular concern because the transition of corrosion pits to stress-corrosion cracks can lead to catastrophic failures. Traditional pitting corrosion analyses treat the pit shape as a semi-circle or ellipse and typically assume a growth pattern that maintains the original geometrical shape. However, when the underlying microstructure is incorporated into the model, pit growth is related to the grains surrounding the pit perimeter and the growth rate is proportional to crystallographic orientation. Since each grain has a potentially different orientation, pit growth happens at non-uniform rates leading to irregular geometries, i.e., non-circular and non-elliptical. These irregular pit geometries can further lead to higher stresses. This work presents a detailed look at corrosion pit growth coupled with mechanical load through a numerical model of a two-dimensional stable corrosion pit. Real microstructural information from a sample of 316 stainless steel is incorporated into the model to analyze microstructural effects on pit growth. Through this work, stress distributions and stress concentration factors are examined for a variety of pit geometries, including comparisons of their range of values to a typical, semi-circular pit. The consequences of these stress distributions and concentration factors are discussed.

scholarly journals Welding materials used to increase service life of agricultural machinery processing soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Petr Hrabě ◽  
Viktor Kolář ◽  
Abraham Kabutey ◽  
Aleš Sedláček
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Welding Material ◽  
Increase Service Life ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Welding Materials

Intensive abrasive wear occurs in soil-treatment machines. This article is focused on increasing the service life of ploughs by the welding material. The welding material is applied at a 45° angle to the tool. This material is abrasive wear resistant. The welding material was applied parallel to the head of ploughshares with spacing of 60 mm. Carbide materials were used (SK 258 TiC-O, SK 900-O, SK A43-O, SK 299- O, SK A45-O, OK TUBRODUR 15.82, SK 258 TiC-O). The tested ploughshare variants were wearing the same when were used the welding material and the standard.

Lattice Defect Research by Kossel Technique and Deformation Analysis

1965 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Umeno ◽  
Hideaki Kawabe ◽  
Gunji Shinoda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Lattice Defect ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Fragmentation Model ◽  
Lattice Deformation ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalyzer ◽  
Kossel Technique ◽  
Lattice Distortions ◽  
Deformation Modes

AbstractAn electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) was applied for the deformation analysis of aluminum single crystals. The lattice distortions caused by tensile stresses were observed by Kossel patterns, which are sensitive in their change of shape to lattice distortion. The effects of lattice distortion would appear as splitting, tearing, bending, broadening, disappearance, and shift of Kossel lines. This distortion behavior can be analyzed successfully. The jnhomogeneities and anisotropy appearing on every line were explained by the crystallographic cons (deration of slip mechanisms. The lattice distortions and corresponding changes in Kossel patterns depend on the direction of elongation ; the deformation modes of those crystals which show typical fee behavior in stress-strain curves can be reasonably explained by a fragmentation model. It was also found that there are some portions in Kossel patterns where some specific Kossel lines, i.e., {200} and {111}, are very sensitive to lattice deformation.

Mechanical Neural Growth Models

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen B. Allen ◽  
Bradley E. Layton
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Polar Structure ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Neural Growth ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Β Tubulin

Critical to being able to control the growth patterns of cell-based sensors is being able to understand how the cytoskeleton of the cell maintains its structure and integrity both under mechanical load and in a load-free environment. Our approach to a better understanding of cell growth is to use a computer simulation that incorporates the primary structures, microtubules, necessary for growth along with their observed behaviors and experimentally determined mechanical properties. Microtubules are the main compressive structural support elements for the axon of a neuron and are created via polymerization of α-β tubulin dimers. Our de novo simulation explores the mechanics of the forces between microtubules and the membrane. We hypothesize that axonal growth is most influenced by the location and direction of the force exerted by the microtubule on the membrane, and furthermore that the interplay of forces between microtubules and the inner surface of the cell membrane dictates the polar structure of axons. The simulation will be used to understand cytoskeletal mechanics for the purpose of engineering cells to be used as sensors.

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