LENS manufactured γ-TNB turbine blade using Laser “in situ” alloying approach

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 1203-1213
Author(s):  
Monnamme Tlotleng ◽  
Sisa Pityana
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Hollow Blade ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Set Up

Abstract:A hollow γ-TNB turbine blade was 3D printed in this studying using the –R Optomec LENS machine from the elemental powders of aluminium, niobium and titanium making use of the laser “in situ” alloying approaching. The printed blade was characterised of a nearly lamellar β microstructure in the As-built state. The microstructure of the blade post heat treated was characterised of grain growth and coarsening and the formation of the γ phase which was of the result of the transformation of β. This transformation was also observed in the As-built state and is reported here for the first time. A massive crack that was observed half-way through in the built was attributed to the thermal shocks that are experienced by the almost immediately after manufacturing. The EDS and Map taken on the As-built and heat treated samples conclude that there was no segregation in the alloying element during manufacturing and that the blade was of the dual phase. Hardness results indicated the heat treated sample was 91 HV0.5 lower in hardness when compared to the As-built component. The successful print of this hollow blade indicate that γ-TNB and other Ti-Al alloys can be printed with the LENS but if a crack free sample was to be achieved the set-up had to be manipulated or addition resources must be added to adapt the set-up. Meanwhile the successes of this study show that LENS is going to be considered as a cost-effective manufacturing tool in the future for 3D printing Ti-Al and other metallic structure that would have improved properties when compared to traditional manufacturing technique such as casting and the powder bed systems.

Enhanced Hydrolytic Stability of Porous Boron Nitride via the Control of Crystallinity, Porosity and Chemical Composition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
Sofia Marchesini ◽  
Camille Petit
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Molecular Separations ◽  
High Degree

Porous boron nitride is gaining significant attention for applications in molecular separations, photocatalysis, and drug delivery. All these areas call for a high degree of stability (or a controlled stability) over a range of chemical environments, and particularly under humid conditions. The hydrolytic stability of the various forms of boron nitride, including porous boron nitride, has been sparingly addressed in the literature. Here, we map the physical-chemical properties of the material to its hydrolytic stability for a range of conditions. Using analytical, imaging and spectroscopic techniques, we identify the links between the hydrolytic instability of porous boron nitride and its limited crystallinity, high porosity as well as the presence of oxygen atoms. To address this instability issue, we demonstrate that subjecting the material to a thermal treatment leads to the formation of crystalline domains of h-BN exhibiting a hydrophobic character. The heat-treated sample exhibits enhanced hydrolytic stability, while maintaining a high porosity. This work provides an effective and simple approach to producing stable porous boron nitride structures, and will progress the implementation of the material in applications involving interfacial phenomena.<br>

Research on Fluctuations in Work Hardening Rate of a Fe-Mn-Al-C Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhao ◽  
Ren Bo Song ◽  
Lei Feng Zhang ◽  
Fu Qiang Yang ◽  
Shuai Qin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Rate Curve ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Fluctuation Range ◽  
Work Hardening Rate

The fluctuations in the work hardening rate of a Fe-12Mn-10Al-0.7C (wt. %) steel have been investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The work hardening rate of the heat treated sample had a tendency of decrease with fluctuations. The first raise in the work hardening rate curve at about 2% true strain is attributed to the shearing of the small ferrite grains by austenite, and the deformation induced twinning can contribute to the raise and drop in the work hardening rate curve. The second fluctuation range at the true strain between 10% and 14% is mainly related to the activation of planar slip on the principle slip plane which is suppressed by twins in austenite.

Microstructure and Properties of Heat-Treated 440C Martensitic Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hawa Mohamed Salleh ◽  
Mohd Nazree Derman ◽  
Mohd Zaidi Omar ◽  
Junaidi Syarif ◽  
S. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferrite Matrix ◽  
Rapid Quenching ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample

440C martensitic stainless steels are widely used because of their good mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of 440C martensitic stainless steel were evaluated after heat treatment of these materials at various types of heat treatment processes. The initial part of this investigation focused on the microstructures of these 440C steels. Microstructure evaluations from the as-received to the as-tempered condition were described. In the as-received condition, the formations of ferrite matrix and carbide particles were observed in this steel. In contrast, the precipitation of M7C3carbides and martensitic structures were present in this steel due to the rapid quenching process from the high temperature condition. After precipitation heat treatment, the Cr-rich M23C6carbides were identified within the structures. Moreover, a 30 minutes heat-treated sample shows the highest value of hardness compared to the others holding time. Finally, the tempering process had been carried out to complete the whole heat treatment process in addition to construct the secondary hardening phenomenon. It is believed that this phenomenon influenced the value of hardness of the 440C steel.

Thermal Conductivity of Heat Treated and Non-Heat Treated Individual Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. P. Bifano ◽  
Pankaj B. Kaul ◽  
Vikas Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Annealing Heat Treatment

Thermal conductivity measurements of commercially available CVD grown individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are reported. The measurements are performed using the three-omega-based Wollaston T-Type probe method inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). An average 385% increase in thermal conductivity is measured for those MWCNTs samples which undergo a 20 hour 3000°C post annealing heat treatment. However, in most samples qualitatively characterized defects are found to negate any advantage of the heat treatment process. The highest thermal conductivity measured is 893.0 W/mK and is of a heat-treated sample. These results will help to improve the quality of MWCNT production and aid in the development of highly efficient CNT-structured thermal management devices and engineering materials.

scholarly journals White-Ceramic Conversion on Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Surface for Dental Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Obata ◽  
Eri Miura-Fujiwara ◽  
Akimitsu Shimizu ◽  
Hirotaka Maeda ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Cell Compatibility ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Mouse Osteoblast ◽  
Cp Ti

Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) alloy has excellent mechanical properties and bone conductivity. For dental application, TNTZ surfaces were converted to white oxidized layer by a simple heat treatment in air to achieve the formation of aesthetic surfaces. The oxidized layer formed by the heat treatment at 1000°C for 0.5 or 1 hr was whiter and joined to TNTZ substrate more strongly than that formed by the treatment at 900°C. The layer consisted of TiO2(rutile), TiNb2O7, and TiTa2O7and possessed ~30 μm in thickness for the sample heat-treated at 1000°C and ~10 μm for that heat-treated at 900°C. The surface average roughness and the wettability increased after the heat treatment. The spreading and proliferation level of mouse osteoblast-like cell (MC3T3-E1 cell) on the heat-treated sample were almost the same as those on as-prepared one. The cell spreading on TNTZ was better than those on pure titanium (CP Ti) regardless of the heat treatment for the samples. There was no deterioration in thein vitrocell compatibility of TNTZ after the oxidized layer coating by the heat treatment.

3D-Printed Samples For EXLO/INLO Practice and Training

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Giannuzzi ◽  
Lucille A. Giannuzzi ◽  
Kathleen A. Gehoski ◽  
William J. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
And Training

Abstract Practice and training samples have been manufactured using 3D-printing methods. These 3D-printed samples mimic the exact geometry of focused ion beam (FIB) prepared specimens and can be used to help master ex situ and in situ lift out micromanipulation methods. An additively manufactured array of samples yields numerous samples needed for repetition and deliberate practice necessary to master the lift out and micromanipulation steps. The 3D-printed samples are cost effective and negates expensive FIB time needed to prepare FIB specimens.

SHOCK COMPACTION OF Gd-DOPED CERIA CERAMICS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (09n11) ◽  
pp. 1686-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
HA NEUL KIM ◽  
DO KYUNG KIM ◽  
SOON NAM CHANG ◽  
NARESH N. THADHANI
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Shock State ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Shock Compaction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Recovered Sample

Gd -doped ceria nano powder(~5 nm) was shock-loaded by a plate impact experiment using a single stage light gas gun. A computational model was used to simulate the shock state (pressure and density changes along time) of the sample in two dimensional Eulerian code. The predicted density of compacted sample from the simulation was about 90%. To reveal the effect of shock compaction on sintering behavior, the recovered sample was heat-treated and the microstructure was compared with that of a conventionally compacted and heat-treated sample.

scholarly journals Transparent ferroelectric glass–ceramics for wastewater treatment by piezocatalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
Moolchand Sharma ◽  
Rahul Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Melt Quenching ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Water Cleaning

AbstractIn piezocatalysis the polarization field found in piezoelectric materials enables and enhances catalytic redox reactions. Here, we explore piezocatalytic dye degradation through transparent glass–ceramics containing piezoelectric crystals. 30SiO2–35Li2O–35Nb2O5 (in mol%) glass–ceramics containing varying amounts of LiNbO3 crystallites were fabricated by melt-quenching, followed by heat-treatment at a crystallization temperature of 650 °C for 2, 3 and 6 hours. During piezocatalysis, the 2 hour heat-treated sample showed up to 90% degradation of methylene blue dye within 150 min of ultrasonication, with no significant change in performance after three piezocatalysis cycles. This sample showed promising activity for degrading cationic and neutral dyes, and is optically transparent. This work demonstrates that transparent ferroelectric glass–ceramics are promising for water-cleaning applications by piezocatalysis.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Martensitic Transformations in Copper-Based Alloys with Shape Memory Effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Sekitani da Silva ◽  
Cezar Henrique Gonzalez ◽  
Carlos Augusto do Nascimento Oliveira ◽  
Karla Carolina Alves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Shape Memory Effects

In the present work the copper base alloys with shape memory effects were characterized. The alloys were subjected to three different heat treatments that promoted changes in characteristics of thermoelastic martensitic transformation (transformation temperatures, thermal hysteresis and enthalpies of transformation). The alloys have their microstructures characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness tests were performed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate the transformation critical temperatures of alloy and the transformation enthalpies for each heat treated sample. Thermoelastic properties have changed for each heat treatment. In the micrographs of the heat-treated samples was possible to observe the microstructure of the martensitic phase characteristic. They show the presence of martensite platelets (needles) self-accommodation.

The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Rapid Forming Ni-Based Alloy Rene88DT

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1051-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei He ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xiao Ming Zhao ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Xiao Jing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Quenching Rate ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Laser Rapid Forming

Laser rapid forming (LRF) is introduced as a novel fabrication process for Ni-based superalloy Rene88DT. The effect of heat treatment parameters of quenching rate and aging time on size and distribution of γ′ precipitation was investigated. The heat treatment parameters were first determined by DSC, and then optimized based on the examination of the microstructure and mechanical properties of heat treated LRF Rene88DT. The experimental results show that, the precipitation of γ′ is inhomogeneously distributed as a result of uneven heat-cycle during LRF in as-deposited Rene88DT, resulting in low mechanical properties. After being heat treated at 1165°C, 2h/AC + 760°C,28h/AC, γ ′ precipitation are homogeneously distributed with the size of 40~60nm, and the tensile strength of heat treated sample shows an increase of 400MPa as compared to that for as-deposited. The yield strength is close to that of the PM+HIP standard.

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