Photo-oxidatively self-cleaning transparent titanium dioxide films on soda lime glass: The deleterious effect of sodium contamination and its prevention

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2759-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Paz ◽  
A. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Transport ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Precursor Film ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Blocking Layer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Self Cleaning

In the context of photocatalytically self-cleaning windows and windshields, clear, abrasion resistant, thin (60 ± 10 nm) photocatalytic films of TiO2 were formed by a sol-gel process on (a) soda lime glass, (b) the proton-exchanged surface of soda lime glass, and (c) fused silica. The hypothesis that diffusion of sodium oxide from the soda lime glass into the titanium dioxide layer during the calcination step causes the lower photoefficiency in films on glass was tested and proven. At high concentration sodium prevented formation of the photoactive anatase phase and, at low concentration, introduced surface and bulk recombination centers. Sodium transport was efficiently blocked by a thin layer at the interface of proton-exchanged (“hydrogen”) glass and nascent TiO2, formed at 400 °C of a poly(titanyl acetylacetonate) TiO2 precursor. The sodium transport blocking layer did not form and the highly photocatalytic film was not obtained when the TiO2-precursor film was applied to glass that was not proton exchanged. Furthermore, only a much less effective sodium transport blocking layer was formed on glass that was proton-exchanged, but was calcined at 400 °C prior to application of the TiO2 precursor layer, showing that the sodium depleted glass surface, by itself, was a less effective barrier against sodium transport than the interfacial product of hydrogen glass and the TiO2 precursor.

Hydrophobicity of Surfaces Coated with Functionalized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Albert L. Sino ◽  
Marvin U. Herrera ◽  
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Hydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Coated Surface ◽  
Self Cleaning

Hydrophobic surfaces are eyed for their self-cleaning ability because water droplets can roll on them (instead of clinging), thus the surface have capability to remove dirt. Hydrophobic surfaces were created by coating functionalized Titanium Dioxide-based paint. The paint was fabricated by reacting fluorosilane molecules in ethanol with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Ethanol also serves as the volatile suspension medium that evaporates when the paint is coated on surfaces. The paint was coated on different surfaces by simple dipping. Contact angle of coated aluminum sheet, soda-lime glass, filter paper and silicon carbide polishing paper showed hydrophobicity. Water droplets are made to roll on coated soda-lime glass at angle of 0.057°. The ability of water droplets to roll highlights the coated surface self-cleaning potential.

Scanning tunneling microscope observations of the mirror region of silicate glass fracture surfaces

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Kulawansa ◽  
L.C. Jensen ◽  
S.C. Langford ◽  
J.T. Dickinson ◽  
Yoshihisa Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Mirror Region

We report scanning tunneling microscope images of gold-coated fracture surfaces of soda lime glass and fused silica in the mirror region. The scans show a variety of nanometer scale features that are attributed to fracture phenomena at this scale. We find considerable similarity to the structures observed in regions of extensive crack branching (e.g., “mist”). The density of these features increases as one progresses away from the crack origin toward the mirror-mist boundary. Comparisons are made between soda lime glass and fused silica, revealing differences in the local deformation behavior of these two materials. Self-similarity of the observed structures is probed by measurements of the fractal dimension, Df, of the surfaces created in soda lime glass near the mirror-mist boundary, where we observe 2.17 > Df > 2.40.

scholarly journals Primary Colors Red, Yellow, and Blue Use as Self-Cleaning Paints with Layer of Titanium Dioxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 0903
Author(s):  
Suma H. Al-Shaikh Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Nano Coating ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Tio2 Sol ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Oil Paints

Transparent nano- coating was prepared by Sol-Gel method from titanium dioxide TiO2 which has the ability to self-cleaning coating used for hospitals, laboratories, and places requiring permanent sterilization. Three primary colors are selected (red, blue, and yellow) as preliminary study to the effect of these colors on the nano-coating. Three traditional oil paints color were used as base, then coated by a layer of TiO2-Sol and deposited on the paints. The optical properties of TiO2-Sol were measured; the maximum absorption wavelength at (λmax=387 nm), the refractive index (n=1.4423) and the energy band gap (Eg=3.2 eV). The structure properties found by X-ray diffraction of TiO2-Sol illustrated that TiO2-Sol is polycrystalline nanoparticle have anatase phase also the morphological properties measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) obetained the average grain size of TiO2-Sol was (50.427 nm). Self-cleaning properties measured by tensiometer dives. The best color gave the highest response to self-cleaning is the yellow color where the contact angle before exposure to UV ( = 101.47º ,at t = 0 min) and after exposure over time ( = 1.75º ,at t = 50 min), thus the water sheet of the surface and remove all contaminants.

Activity, and Hardness of Supported TiO2 Films on Pyrex and Soda-Lime Glass in Photocatalytic Degradation of Formic Acid for 50 Days

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Tomokazu Iyoda ◽  
Kazuhito Hashimoto ◽  
Akira Fujishima
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Tio2 Films ◽  
Supported Tio2

AbstractPhotocatalytic degradation of formic acid (HCOOH) in solution was monitored using titanium dioxide (TiO

Microscratch Analysis of The Adhesion Failure on Oxide Thin Films With Different Thickness

1996 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ottermann ◽  
K. Bange ◽  
A. Braband ◽  
H. Haefke ◽  
W. Gutmannsbauer
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Adhesion Failure ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Deposition Techniques

AbstractAdhesion failures of Ti2 and Ta2O5 thin films deposited by reactive evaporation (RE), reactive ion plating (IP) and plasma impulse chemical vapour deposition (PICVD) on fused silica, AF 45, TEMPAX and soda-lime glass substrates are investigated by means of a micro-scratch tester. The oxide films possess thickness between 60 and 500 nm and show different mass densities depending on the deposition conditions. Scratch testing exhibits well pronounced detachment for thicker films on hard substrates. The clearance of the scratch signal is reduced with decreasing layer thickness or for softer substrate materials. The test results are also influenced by the various substrates and different chemical and mechanical properties of the films due to the alternate deposition techniques.

Stress Induced Extended Ranges for Hydration and Other Phenomena in Ion Implanted Silica Glasses

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Arnold ◽  
G. Battaglin
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Silica Glasses ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
Ion Implanted

AbstractThe extended ranges (2–3 times theoretical) for hydration from an ambient atmosphere or water immersion and other anomalous ranges for property changes in ion-implanted fused silica are explained on the basis of a stress corrosion model (Michalske-Bunker). The results for the hydration of implanted soda-lime glass are similar to fused silica with the added feature of compositional modification due to the near-surface removal of alkali.

In SituCube-Corner Indentation of Soda-Lime Glass and Fused Silica

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 1494-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan J. Morris ◽  
Robert F. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Soda Lime Glass

scholarly journals Dynamic fracture of inorganic glasses by hard spherical and conical projectiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2038) ◽  
pp. 20140135 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Munawar Chaudhri
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Dynamic Crack ◽  
Inorganic Glasses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hertzian Cone ◽  
Crack Bifurcation

In this article, high-speed photographic investigations of the dynamic crack initiation and propagation in several inorganic glasses by the impact of small spherical and conical projectiles are described. These were carried out at speeds of up to approximately 2×10 6 frames s −1 . The glasses were fused silica, ‘Pyrex’ (a borosilicate glass), soda lime and B 2 O 3 . The projectiles were 0.8–2 mm diameter spheres of steel, glass, sapphire and tungsten carbide, and their velocities were up to 340 m s −1 . In fused silica and Pyrex, spherical projectiles' impact produced Hertzian cone cracks travelling at terminal crack velocities, whereas in soda-lime glass fast splinter cracks were generated. No crack bifurcation was observed, which has been explained by the nature of the stress intensity factor of the particle-impact-generated cracks, which leads to a stable crack growth. Crack bifurcation was, however, observed in thermally tempered glass; this bifurcation has been explained by the tensile residual stress and the associated unstable crack growth. A new explanation has been proposed for the decrease of the included angle of the Hertzian cone cracks with increasing impact velocity. B 2 O 3 glass showed dynamic compaction and plasticity owing to impact with steel spheres. Other observations, such as total contact time, crack lengths and response to oblique impacts, have also been explained.

Single-pulse laser ablation threshold of borosilicate, fused silica, sapphire, and soda-lime glass for pulse widths of 500  fs, 10  ps, 20  ns

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (29) ◽  
pp. 8596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nieto ◽  
Justo Arines ◽  
Gerard M. O’Connor ◽  
María Teresa Flores-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Pulse Laser ◽  
Ablation Threshold ◽  
Pulse Laser Ablation ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Soda Lime Glass

Preparation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films from In–Ga–Se precursors for high-efficiency solar cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 4514-4520 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nishiwaki ◽  
T. Satoh ◽  
S. Hayashi ◽  
Y. Hashimoto ◽  
T. Negami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Precursor Film ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Efficiency Solar Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron

Growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films from In–Ga–Se precursors was characterized by scanning Auger electron spectroscopy (SAES), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In–Ga–Se precursor layers were deposited on Mo-coated soda-lime glass, and then the layers were exposed to Cu and Se fluxes to form CIGS films. The SIMS and SAES analyses showed a homogeneous distribution of Cu throughout the CIGS films during the deposition of Cu and Se. The phase changes observed in the CIGS films during the deposition of Cu and Se on the In–Ga–Se precursor films were as follows: (In,Ga)2Se3 →[Cu(In,Ga)5Se8] →Cu(In,Ga)3Se5 →Cu(In,Ga)Se2. The grain size increased from the submicron grains of the (In,Ga)2Se3 precursor film to several micrometers in the stoichiometric Cu(In,Ga)Se2 film. A growth model of CIGS crystals is introduced on the basis of the results of TEM observations. CIGS crystals are mainly grown under (In,Ga)-rich conditions in the preparation from In–Ga–Se precursor films.

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