Recent Advances on Bulk Tantalum Carbide Produced by Solvothermal Synthesis and Spark Plasma Sintering

2012 ◽  
Vol 1485 ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braeden M. Clark ◽  
James P. Kelly ◽  
Olivia A. Graeve
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Tantalum Carbide ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Full Density ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Carbon Additions

ABSTRACTThe sintering of tantalum carbide nanopowders by spark plasma sintering (SPS) is investigated. The washing procedure for the powders is modified from previous work to eliminate excess lithium in the powders that is left over from the synthesis process. The sintering behavior of the nanopowders is investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy by studying specimens that were sintered to different temperatures. To improve the homogeneity of the microstructure of the specimens, milling procedures were implemented. Vaporization during sintering is observed, and the usefulness of carbon additions and systematic decreases in temperature to curb this behavior was explored. Future experiments to achieve full density and to maintain a nanostructure of the specimens include sintering with higher pressures, lower temperatures, and longer dwell times. Additives for maintaining a nanostructure and developing suitable high-temperature properties are also discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of SiC Nanowhisker on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of WC-Ni Cemented Carbide Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Ren ◽  
Zhijian Peng ◽  
Zhiqiang Fu ◽  
Chengbiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Tantalum Carbide ◽  
Uniaxial Pressure ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Microscopy Examination

Ultrafine tungsten carbide-nickel (WC-Ni) cemented carbides with varied fractions of silicon carbide (SiC) nanowhisker (0–3.75 wt.%) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering at 1350°C under a uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa with the assistance of vanadium carbide (VC) and tantalum carbide (TaC) as WC grain growth inhibitors. The effects of SiC nanowhisker on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-prepared WC-Ni cemented carbides were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that during spark plasma sintering (SPS) Ni may react with the applied SiC nanowhisker, forming Ni2Si and graphite. Scanning electron microscopy examination indicated that, with the addition of SiC nanowhisker, the average WC grain size decreased from 400 to 350 nm. However, with the additional fractions of SiC nanowhisker, more and more Si-rich aggregates appeared. With the increase in the added fraction of SiC nanowhisker, the Vickers hardness of the samples initially increased and then decreased, reaching its maximum of about 24.9 GPa when 0.75 wt.% SiC nanowhisker was added. However, the flexural strength of the sample gradually decreased with increasing addition fraction of SiC nanowhisker.

Fe-Si-Al Alloys Prepared by a Spark Plasma Sintering Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toto Sudiro ◽  
Kemas Ahmad Zaini Thosin ◽  
Didik Aryanto ◽  
Agus Sukarto Wismogroho ◽  
Kazuya Kurokawa
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Inclusions ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Phase Characterization

Fe-Si alloys with various concentration of Al (0, 1, 3 and 5 % by mass) were synthesized by a spark plasma sintering technique. The specimens were prepared in an evacuated chamber of less than 4 Pa and under compressive stress of 40 MPa. During spark discharge, the heating rate was fixed at 10°C/min. After the SPS process was completed, the specimen surfaces were ground with silicon carbide papers. The metallographic characterization was performed by mean of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. According to sintering curves, all samples seem to have a similar sintering behavior. The densification of specimens was completed in the temperature range of about 1020-1050°C. Microstructure and phase characterization revealed that the alloys were mainly composed of FeSi2 and FeSi phases containing oxide inclusions. The SEM images indicated that the fraction of FeSi phase and oxide inclusions appears to decrease with increase in Al concentration in the Fe-Si alloy.

Fine Grained Ba1−xSrxTiO3 Ceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5908-5912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huyong Tian ◽  
Wanpin Chen ◽  
C. E. Buckley ◽  
H. L. W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Solution Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Pure Perovskite Phase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Bst Ceramics

Fine grained Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 (BST) ceramics were prepared via spark plasma sintering technique. BST nano-powders freshly prepared by a low-temperature direct solution synthesis technique were used as starting materials. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the ceramics had a pure perovskite phase and the observation under scanning electron microscope revealed that the ceramic had a grain size in the range of 50 to 300 nm. The dielectric properties of the fine-grained BST ceramics were determined at different temperatures and frequencies. At room temperature, the ceramics exhibited a moderate dielectric constant (3962±10), a good dielectric tunability (53.84% under a dc bias of 19.72 kV/cm). The highest tunability and figure of merit (FOM) values are 83.27% at 50.2 °C and 289.28 at 62.3 °C, respectively. These results suggested that the BST ceramics are suitable for use in tunable microwave devices.

Spark Plasma Sintering of Hybrid Nanocomposites of Hydroxyapatite Reinforced with CNTs and SS316L for Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif Hussain ◽  
Adnan Maqbool ◽  
Abbas Saeed Hakeem ◽  
Fazal Ahmad Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Asif Rafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma

Background: The development of new bioimplants with enhanced mechanical and biomedical properties have great impetus for researchers in the field of biomaterials. Metallic materials such as stainless steel 316L (SS316L), applied for bioimplants are compatible to the human osteoblast cells and bear good toughness. However, they suffer by corrosion and their elastic moduli are very high than the application where they need to be used. On the other hand, ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HAP), is biocompatible as well as bioactive material and helps in bone grafting during the course of bone recovery, it has the inherent brittle nature and low fracture toughness. Therefore, to overcome these issues, a hybrid combination of HAP, SS316L and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been synthesized and characterized in the present investigation. Methods: CNTs were acid treated to functionalize their surface and cleaned prior their addition to the composites. The mixing of nano-hydroxyapatite (HAPn), SS316L and CNTs was carried out by nitrogen gas purging followed by the ball milling to insure the homogeneous mixing of the powders. In three compositions, monolithic HAPn, nanocomposites of CNTs reinforced HAPn, and hybrid nanocomposites of CNTs and SS316L reinforced HAPn has been fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Results: SEM analysis of SPS samples showed enhanced sintering of HAP-CNT nanocomposites, which also showed significant sintering behavior when combined with SS316L. Good densification was achieved in the nanocomposites. No phase change was observed for HAP at relatively higher sintering temperatures (1100°C) of SPS and tricalcium phosphate phase was not detected by XRD analysis. This represents the characteristic advantage with enhanced sintering behavior by SPS technique. Fracture toughness was found to increase with the addition of CNTs and SS316L in HAPn, while hardness initially enhanced with the addition of nonreinforcement (CNTs) in HAPn and then decrease for HAPn-CNT-SS316L hybrid nanocomposites due to presence of SS316L. Conclusion: A homogeneous distribution of CNTs and SPS technique resulted in the improved mechanical properties for HAPn-CNT-SS316L hybrid nanocomposites than other composites and suggested their application as bioimplant materials.

scholarly journals Microstructure and properties of nano-laminated Y3Si2C2 ceramics fabricated via in situ reaction by spark plasma sintering

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-586
Author(s):  
Lin-Kun Shi ◽  
Xiaobing Zhou ◽  
Jian-Qing Dai ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Zhengren Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Max Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractA nano-laminated Y3Si2C2 ceramic material was successfully synthesized via an in situ reaction between YH2 and SiC using spark plasma sintering technology. A MAX phase-like ternary layered structure of Y3Si2C2 was observed at the atomic-scale by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The lattice parameters calculated from both X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction patterns are in good agreement with the reported theoretical results. The nano-laminated fracture of kink boundaries, delamination, and slipping were observed at the tip of the Vickers indents. The elastic modulus and Vickers hardness of Y3Si2C2 ceramics (with 5.5 wt% Y2O3) sintered at 1500 °C were 156 and 6.4 GPa, respectively. The corresponding values of thermal and electrical conductivity were 13.7 W·m-1·K-1 and 6.3×105 S·m-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Powder Heat Treatment on Chemical Composition and Thermoelectric Properties of Bismuth Antimony Telluride Alloys Fabricated by Combining Water Atomization and Spark Plasma Sintering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2993
Author(s):  
Dong-won Shin ◽  
Peyala Dharmaiah ◽  
Jun-Woo Song ◽  
Soon-Jik Hong
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Hole Concentration ◽  
Bismuth Antimony Telluride ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Water Atomization ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spark Plasma

In this work, Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 materials were produced by an economically viable and time efficient water atomization process. The powder samples were heat treated at different temperatures (673 K, 723 K, 743 K, 773 K, 803 K, and 823 K) followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). It was found that the Te evaporated slightly at 723 K and 743 K and became dominated at 773 K, 803 K, and 823 K, which severely influences the thermoelectric properties. The electrical conductivity was significantly improved for over 803 K heat treated samples due to the remarkable improvement in hole concentration. The power factor values for the 803 K and 823 K samples were significantly larger at T > 350 K compared to other samples. Consequently, the peak ZT of 0.92 at 350 K was obtained for the 803 K sample, which could be useful in commercial thermoelectric power generation.

Development of WC-Fe3Al Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio C. Ybarra ◽  
Afonso Chimanski ◽  
Sergio Gama ◽  
Ricardo A.G. da Silva ◽  
Izabel Fernanda Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Zinc Stearate ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Vibration Mill

Tungsten carbide (WC) based composites are usually produced with cobalt, but this binder has the inconvenience of shortage, unstable price and potential carcinogenicity. The objective of this study was to develop WC composite with intermetallic Fe3Al matrix. Powders of WC, iron and aluminum, with composition WC-10 wt% Fe3Al, and 0.5 wt% zinc stearate were milled in a vibration mill for 6 h and sintered in a SPS (spark plasma sintering) furnace at 1150 °C for 8 min under pressure of 30 MPa. Measured density and microstructure analysis showed that the composite had significant densification during the (low-temperature, short time) sintering, and X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of intermetallic Fe3Al. Analysis by Vickers indentation resulted in hardness of 11.2 GPa and fracture toughness of 24.6 MPa.m1/2, showing the feasibility of producing dense WC-Fe3Al composite with high mechanical properties using the SPS technique.

Spark Plasma Sintering of Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Fe-2Mo (SP-700)

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 819-822
Author(s):  
Genki Kikuchi ◽  
Hiroshi Izui ◽  
Yuya Takahashi ◽  
Shota Fujino
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Titanium Boride ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Tib2 Particles

In this study, we focused on the sintering performance of Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe (SP-700) and mechanical properties of SP-700 reinforced with titanium boride (TiB/SP-700) fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). TiB whiskers formed in titanium by a solid-state reaction of titanium and TiB2 particles were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The TiB/SP-700 was sintered at temperatures of 1073, 1173, and 1273 K and a pressure of 70 MPa for 10, 30, and 50 min. The volume fraction of TiB ranged from 1.7 vol.% to 19.9 vol.%. Tensile tests of TiB/SP-700 were conducted at room temperature, and the effect of TiB volume fraction on the tensile properties was investigated.

Formation of Metal-Intermetallic Laminate Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering of Metal Plates and Powder Work Pieces

2014 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria V. Lazurenko ◽  
Vyacheslav I. Mali ◽  
Alexander Thoemmes
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Titanium Aluminide ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Intermetallic Layer ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Laminate Composites ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Spark Plasma

Laminate composites with an intermetallic component are some of the most prospective constructional and functional materials. The basic formation method of such materials consists in heating a stack composed of metallic plates reacting at elevated temperatures to form intermetallic phases. The temperature of the process is usually approximately equal to a melting point of a more easily fusible component. In this study, an alternative technology of producing a titanium – titanium aluminide composite with a laminate structure is suggested. It consists in combining metallic (titanium and aluminum) powder mixtures pre-sintered at 400 оС with titanium plates, alternate stacking of these components and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the fabricated workpieces. Applying this technology allowed for the fabrication of metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) materials with an inhomogeneous structure of intermetallic interlayers. The phases revealed in the composite by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were α-Ti, Al, Al3Ti and Al2Ti. Moreover, the results of the energy-dispersive analysis gave the evidence of the formation of Ti-enriched phases in powder layers after SPS. A small number of voids were observed between the structural components of the intermetallic layers. Voids were also detected at “metal-intermetallic” interfaces; however, the quality of connection between different layers in the composite was very high. The microhardness of an intermetallic layer formed in the composite was comparable to the microhardness of the Al3Ti compound. The microhardness of titanium was equal to 1600 MPa.

Sintering Behavior of TiC-Fe Based Composite Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering Using TiH2 Graphite Powders

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Yeal Bae ◽  
In Sup Ahn ◽  
Ho Jung Cho ◽  
Chul Jin Kim ◽  
Dong Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Particulate Reinforced ◽  
Continuous Metal

TiC particulate reinforced Fe matrix composite compacts with controlled interfacial reaction was processed by spark plasma sintering after mechanical alloying. Milled powders were fabricated for 1-5 hours by spex shaker mill with the ball to powder ratio of 25:2. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) based on the Fe-40%TiC system can be synthesized by spark plasma sintering of the D’AE powders with TiH2-graphite powders under vacuum in the temperature range 1273-1473K for 5-20 min. TiC phase was formed by self combustion reaction with temperature increase. The specimen that was formed by sintering Fe-TiC powders displayed a microstructure of uniformly dispersed TiC grain in a continuous metal matrix. The densifications of the TiC-Fe materials were increased as the heat-treatment holding time increasing. In the same time, relative density and hardness of TiC-Fe sintering materials was increased.

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