Characterization of Fibers Electrospun from Organometallic Tin Precursors in a Polymer Binder

2006 ◽  
Vol 948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rodd ◽  
Jorge J. Santiago-Avilés
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rutile Phase ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Component Separation ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Fiber Deposition

ABSTRACTElectrospinning has been thought of as an effective, low cost technique for producing nanofibers for use in gas sensor applications with nanofibers of tin oxide showing particular promise in this area. Critical to the success of tin oxide in these applications are nanowires with a rutile phase structure and well defined current-voltage characteristics which requires controlled fiber diameters. This paper reports on the characterization of the pre and post sintered fibers deposited via electrospinning of two different tin precursor chemicals, dimethyl dineodecanoate tin and dimethyl dichloro tin, both spun within a polyethylene oxide / chloroform binder system. Both tin precursor systems were evaluated at different concentration levels to investigate morphological changes due to concentration. Mats of fibers were spun on silicon wafers and sintered at 600°C for 2 hours. Morphology was characterized by optical microscope while chemical composition was determined via Raman spectrometry. Fibers of dimethyl dineodecanoate tin were found be ∼30μm in diameter and to have considerable component separation upon deposition. After sintering, SnO2 islands were found but there was no fiber appearance. Fibers of dimethyl dichloro tin were found to be ∼10μm in diameter and lacked the component separation seen in the other tin precursor system with some SnO2 domains found directly inline with initial fiber deposition. Comparison of results from both systems shows that the interaction of the polymer and tin precursor is of paramount importance for development of micro- or nanosized ceramic wires deposited by electrospinning.

scholarly journals Temperature measurement performance of silicon piezoresistive MEMS pressure sensors for industrial applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Frantlovic ◽  
Ivana Jokic ◽  
Zarko Lazic ◽  
Branko Vukelic ◽  
Marko Obradov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors ◽  
Mems Pressure Sensors

Temperature and pressure are the most common parameters to be measured and monitored not only in industrial processes but in many other fields from vehicles and healthcare to household appliances. Silicon microelectromechanical (MEMS) piezoresistive pressure sensors are the first and the most successful MEMS sensors, offering high sensitivity, solid-state reliability and small dimensions at a low cost achieved by mass production. The inherent temperature dependence of the output signal of such sensors adversely affects their pressure measurement performance, necessitating the use of correction methods in a majority of cases. However, the same effect can be utilized for temperature measurement, thus enabling new sensor applications. In this paper we perform characterization of MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensors for temperature measurement, propose a sensor correction method, and demonstrate that the measurement error as low as ? 0.3?C can be achieved.

Synthesis and Characterization of Photocatalytic TiO2-ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles

2005 ◽  
Vol 876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sesha S. Srinivasan ◽  
Jeremy Wade ◽  
Elias K. Stefanakos
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Rutile Phase ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Narrow Bandgap ◽  
Visible Wavelengths ◽  
Indoor Lighting

AbstractThe wide bandgap semiconductor TiO2 has become the dominant UV-activated photocatalyst in the field of air and water detoxification because of its high stability, low cost, high oxidation potential and chemically favorable properties. The demand for visible-light activated photocatalytic systems is increasing rapidly; however, currently, the efficiency and availability of photocatalysts that can be activated effectively by the solar spectrum and particularly indoor lighting is severely limited. In this paper, a new coprecipitation/hydrolysis synthesis route is used to create a TiO2-ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite that is directed towards extending the photoresponse of TiO2 from UV to visible wavelengths (>400nm). The effect of TiO2's accelerated anatase-rutile phase transformation due to the presence of the coupled ZnFe2O4 narrow bandgap semiconductor is evaluated. The transformation's dependence on pH, calcination temperature, particle size, and ZnFe2O4 concentration has been analyzed using XRD, SEM, and UV-Visible spectrometry. The requirements for retaining the highly photoactive anatase phase present in a ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite are outlined. The visible-light activated photocatalytic activity of the TiO2-ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites have been compared to an Aldrich TiO2 reference catalyst, using a solar-simulated photoreactor for the degradation of phenol.

Synthesis and Characterization of Tin Oxide Nanoparticle for Humidity Sensor Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Krishnakumar ◽  
R. Jayaprakash ◽  
V.N. Singh ◽  
B.R. Mehta ◽  
A.R. Phani
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

Tin oxide nanoparticle was successfully prepared by the chemical digestion method from the starting material as SnCl2. The SnO2 material was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). The SnO2 was an n-type material preferred to humidity sensing property towards the moisture. The response and recovery time of sensor was calculated as 129sec and 206sec respectively. It has exhibited better efficiency compared with the bulk SnO2 material. Additional Weight loss, EDS, FT-IR and resistivity measurements were also presented.

scholarly journals The Potential of Low-Cost Tin-Oxide Sensors Combined with Machine Learning for Estimating Atmospheric CH4 Variations around Background Concentration

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rivera Martinez ◽  
Diego Santaren ◽  
Olivier Laurent ◽  
Ford Cropley ◽  
Cécile Mallet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Machine Learning Model

Continued developments in instrumentation and modeling have driven progress in monitoring methane (CH4) emissions at a range of spatial scales. The sites that emit CH4 such as landfills, oil and gas extraction or storage infrastructure, intensive livestock farms account for a large share of global emissions, and need to be monitored on a continuous basis to verify the effectiveness of reductions policies. Low cost sensors are valuable to monitor methane (CH4) around such facilities because they can be deployed in a large number to sample atmospheric plumes and retrieve emission rates using dispersion models. Here we present two tests of three different versions of Figaro® TGS tin-oxide sensors for estimating CH4 concentrations variations, at levels similar to current atmospheric values, with a sought accuracy of 0.1 to 0.2 ppm. In the first test, we characterize the variation of the resistance of the tin-oxide semi-conducting sensors to controlled levels of CH4, H2O and CO in the laboratory, to analyze cross-sensitivities. In the second test, we reconstruct observed CH4 variations in a room, that ranged from 1.9 and 2.4 ppm during a three month experiment from observed time series of resistances and other variables. To do so, a machine learning model is trained against true CH4 recorded by a high precision instrument. The machine-learning model using 30% of the data for training reconstructs CH4 within the target accuracy of 0.1 ppm only if training variables are representative of conditions during the testing period. The model-derived sensitivities of the sensors resistance to H2O compared to CH4 are larger than those observed under controlled conditions, which deserves further characterization of all the factors influencing the resistance of the sensors.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cu-Al-Be-Mn Quaternary Shape Memory Alloys Prepared by Induction Melting Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Shivasiddaramaiah ◽  
U.S. Mallikarjun ◽  
S. Prashantha
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Ingot Metallurgy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Β Phase

Shape memory materials are stimuli-responsive materials. They are widely used in military, medical, safety, and robotics applications. Until recently, only Ni-Ti based SMA’s are commercially used due to its relatively ease of manufacturing. However, the exorbitantly high cost of Ni-Ti based SMA limits its application to niche markets such as medical stents, aerospace and defence. Recently, it is found that Cu based alloys exhibit shape memory behavior. Out of which, Cu-Al-Be-Mn is most interesting SMA in terms of less process complexity and low cost. Cu–Al–Be-Mn shape memory alloys in the range of 09–15 wt.% of aluminium and 0.1-0.4 wt.% of Beryllium and 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% of Manganese, exhibiting β-phase at high temperatures and manifesting shape memory effect upon quenching to lower temperatures, were prepared through ingot metallurgy. The alloy ingots were homogenized followed by step quenching so as to obtain a structure that is completely martensitic. They were subsequently characterized by X-ray diffractogram (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Optical Microscope (OM). The shape memory properties of the alloys were studied by bend test. This paper emphasizes the synthesis and characterization of the Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloys.

Thermal characterization of ABS-Graphene blended three dimensional printed functional prototypes for electro chemical energy storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaljit Singh Boparai ◽  
Rupinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Fused Deposition

This study highlights the thermal characterization of ABS-Graphene blended three dimensional (3D) printed functional prototypes by fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. These functional prototypes have some applications as electro-chemical energy storage devices (EESD). Initially, the suitability of ABS-Graphene composite material for FDM applications has been examined by melt flow index (MFI) test. After establishing MFI, the feedstock filament for FDM has been prepared by an extrusion process. The fabricated filament has been used for printing 3D functional prototypes for printing of in-house EESD. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis was conducted to understand the effect on glass transition temperature with the inclusion of Graphene (Gr) particles. It has been observed that the reinforced Gr particles act as a thermal reservoir (sink) and enhances its thermal/electrical conductivity. Also, FT-IR spectra realized the structural changes with the inclusion of Gr in ABS matrix. The results are supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based micrographs for understanding the morphological changes.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of (Bi0.48Sb1.52)Te3 Thick Films Prepared with Tape Casting Method

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Lichen Liu ◽  
Ziping Cao ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Jun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Conductive Films ◽  
Casting Technology

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of (Bi0.48Sb1.52)Te3 thick films using a tape casting process on glass substrates. A slurry of thermoelectric (Bi0.48Sb1.52)Te3 was developed and cured thick films were annealed in a vacuum chamber at 500–600 °C. The microstructure of these films was analyzed, and the Seebeck coefficient and electric conductivity were tested. It was found that the subsequent annealing process must be carefully designed to achieve good thermoelectric properties of these samples. Conductive films were obtained after annealing and led to acceptable thermoelectric performance. While the properties of these initial materials are not at the level of bulk materials, this work demonstrates that the low-cost tape casting technology is promising for fabricating thermoelectric modules for energy conversion.

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