Immobilization of Radioactive Iodine Using AgI Vitrification Technique for the TRU Wastes Disposal: Evaluation of Leaching and Surface Properties

2008 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomofumi Sakuragi ◽  
Tsutomu Nishimura ◽  
Yuji Nasu ◽  
Hidekazu Asano ◽  
Kuniyoshi Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Iodine Release ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Release Model ◽  
Reprocessing Plant

AbstractIodine-129 collected from a reprocessing plant is regarded as the dominant nuclide in terms of safety for TRU wastes disposal in Japan. AgI vitrification (AgI-Ag2O-P2O5) is a potential iodine immobilization technique, which has the advantages of less iodine volatilization (low-temperature vitrification) and high volume reduction efficiency (approx. 1/25 the original waste volume). The iodine immobilization property can be evaluated by examining the surface condition of the AgI glass immersed in water. In this study, immersion tests have been performed on AgI glass in pure water in a 3% H2-N2 atmosphere at room temperature, and the surface characteristics have been examined. The thin layer (<4.3 μm) that is formed has been found to consist of AgI, which may act as a barrier, preventing leaching of glass components. The concepts behind the iodine release model have been proposed based on diffusion and the solubility of the components at the glass surfaces.

Influence of Silica Sand Particles on Disc Brake Squeal Noise

2013 ◽  
Vol 471 ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Razimi Mat Lazim ◽  
Abd Rahim Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohd Kameil Abdul Hamid ◽  
Izzat Mohd Asri
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Squeal ◽  
The Road ◽  
Film Distribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
On The Road

Researchers in recent years begin to explore on tribological behavior of automotive brake squeal phenomena which covers the morphology, chemical composition, friction and wear, phase composition and third body or friction film distribution. However less effort has been made to study the tribological on the influence of small particles on brake squeal. During braking condition, both rotor and pads are exposed to road environmental particle which may affect pads surface condition. In order to assess the influence of this particle on brake squeal a series of squeal tests were performed. Silica sand grit particles with a size range between 400 to 200 μm which most available on the road surface were used in this experiment. Brake pad and disc surface characteristics were analyzed before and after squealing condition using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The result shows that the silica sand particles had influence the squeal and surface behavior of the brake pad.

Outcomes analysis of radioactive iodine and total thyroidectomy for pediatric Graves’ disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Zev Cohen ◽  
Eric I. Felner ◽  
Kurt F. Heiss ◽  
J. Bradley Wyly ◽  
Andrew B. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Case Volume ◽  
Definitive Therapy

AbstractThe majority of pediatric patients with Graves’ disease will ultimately require definitive therapy in the form of radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation or thyroidectomy. There are few studies that directly compare the efficacy and complication rates between RAI and thyroidectomy. We compared the relapse rate as well as the acute and long-term complications of RAI and total thyroidectomy among children and adolescents with Graves’ disease treated at our center.Medical records from 81 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of Graves’ disease who received definitive therapy over a 12-year period were reviewed.Fifty one patients received RAI and 30 patients underwent thyroidectomy. The relapse rate was not significantly different between RAI and thyroidectomy (12.1% vs. 0.0%, p=0.28). There were no acute or long-term complications in the RAI group, but there were eight cases of hypoparathyroidism (two transient and six permanent) in the thyroidectomy group. None of the patients developed a recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.RAI is a safe and effective option for treatment of children and adolescents with Graves’ disease. In light of the rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism seen at our center with thyroidectomy and previously published long-term safety of RAI, we recommend RAI as the first line treatment for children and adolescents with Graves’ disease. For those centers performing thyroidectomies, we recommend that each center select 1–2 high-volume pediatric surgeons to perform all thyroid procedures, allowing individuals to increases case volume and potentially decrease long-term complications of thyroidectomy.

Exploration of Functionalized CdTe Nanoparticles for Latent Fingerprint Detection

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1170-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan H. Cheng ◽  
Jacob Ajimo ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Decay ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Latent Fingerprint ◽  
Cdte Nanoparticles ◽  
Cdte Nanocrystals ◽  
Amidation Reaction ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Fingerprint Detection

The potential of using water-soluble photoluminescent nanoparticles of different sizes for latent fingerprint detection has been explored. In this pilot study, green (582nm) and red (755 nm) CdTe nanocrystals coated with thioglycolic acid were used. Latent fingerprints on aluminum and glass surfaces were successfully labeled with these nanoparticles for time periods ranging from 30 min to 24 h. The labeling is probably due to the amidation reaction between the surface carboxylic groups of the nanoparticles with the amine groups of the biomaterials present in the fingerprint residues. The 582nm emitting nanoparticles appeared to better label the fingerprint ridges than did the 755 nm emitting ones for both surfaces. However, the 755 nm emitting nanoparticles were able to target the sweat pores within the ridges of the fingerprints. Other than high quantum yield and photostability, the tunable emission wavelength, the narrow bandwidth, the customizable surface characteristics, and the relatively long fluorescence decay lifetime of these nanoparticles are useful and necessary features for the future development of ultra-sensitive, target-specific, background suppressed latent fingerprint detection for forensic applications.

Physical Chemistry of Water Droplets in Wafer Cleaning with Low Water Use

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Jacques C.J. van der Donck ◽  
Jurrian Bakker ◽  
Jeroen A. Smeltink ◽  
Robin B.J. Kolderweij ◽  
Ben C.M.B. van der Zon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Feature Size ◽  
Ultra Pure Water ◽  
Wafer Cleaning

Reduction of water and energy consumption is of importance for keeping viable industry in Europe. In 2012 the Eniac project Silver was started in order to reduce water and energy consumption in the semiconductor industry by 10% [1]. Cleaning of wafers is one of the key process steps that require a high volume of Ultra-Pure Water (UPW). For the production of a single wafer more than 120 cleaning steps may be required [2]. Furthermore, the reduction of the feature size makes devices more vulnerable to damage by mechanical action. This trend gives rise to the need for new, gentler cleaning processes.

scholarly journals The Oleofobization of Paper via Plasma Treatment

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2148
Author(s):  
Matic Resnik ◽  
Eva Levičnik ◽  
Žiga Gosar ◽  
Rok Zaplotnik ◽  
Janez Kovač ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Plasma Reactors ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Secondary Ion

Cellulose is a promising biomass material suitable for high volume applications. Its potential lies in sustainability, which is becoming one of the leading trends in industry. However, there are certain drawbacks of cellulose materials which limit their use, especially their high wettability and low barrier properties, which can be overcome by applying thin coatings. Plasma technologies present a high potential for deposition of thin environmentally friendly and recyclable coatings. In this paper, two different plasma reactors were used for coating two types of cellulose-based substrates with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The changes in surface characteristics were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface free energy and contact angles measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Successful oleofobization was observed for an industrial scale reactor where pure HMDSO was used in the absence of oxygen.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of a Home-bleaching Agent on the Surface Characteristics of Indirect Esthetic Restorative Materials: Part I—Roughness

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahroo Vojdani ◽  
Kianoosh Torabi ◽  
Sasan Rasaeipour ◽  
Amir Alireza Khaledi ◽  
Safoura Ghodsi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Baseline Test ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Background Pressing esthetic demands of good looking make people undergo bleaching procedures. However, the effect of bleaching agents on esthetic restorative materials with different surface preparations has been poorly studied. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a homebleaching agent (carbamide peroxide: CP 38%) on the surface roughness of the polished fiber reinforced composite (FRC), overglazed, autoglazed, or polished ceramic samples. Materials and methods Twenty standardized cylindrical specimens were made of each of the following groups: overglazed, autoglazed, polished porcelain and also FRC. The test specimens exposed to the CP 38%, 15 minutes, twice a day for 2 weeks according to the manufacturer's recommendation. Six samples from each group were selected randomly to form negative controls. Surface roughness measurements (Ra, micrometer) for baseline, test and control specimens were performed by use of a profilometer. Paired t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analyses. Results The data showed that bleaching with CP 38% significantly increased the surface roughness of all the test samples (p < 0.05). The type of surface preparation caused significant differences between the susceptibility of porcelain subgroups to bleaching (p < 0.05). The polished porcelain specimens showed the highest changes after bleaching. Conclusion CP 38% significantly increases the surface roughness of the porcelains and FRC. The type of surface condition affects the amenability of the porcelain surface to the bleaching agent. Glazed porcelains were more resistant to roughness than the polished porcelains and also the composite. Clinical significance Roughening of porcelain and FRC occur following bleaching procedure. No special surface preparation of indirect esthetic restorative materials can completely preserve these materials from adverse effects of bleaching agents. How to cite this article Torabi K, Rasaeipour S, Khaledi AA, Vojdani M, Ghodsi S. Evaluation of the Effect of a Homebleaching Agent on the Surface Characteristics of Indirect Esthetic Restorative Materials: Part I—Roughness. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):326-330.

Study of the heat transfer and analysis of the surface characteristics of robot spray painting by using Taguchi method and ANOVA analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110676
Author(s):  
Raja Venkata Sai Kiran Jakkula ◽  
Prabhu Sethuramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Paint Spray ◽  
Taguchi Design Of Experiments ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Extended Surfaces

In this investigative research work, the surface characteristics of normal paint and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) paint-coated substrates are studied. The experiments are conducted using ABB IRB 1410 Robot and the end effector of the robot is retrofitted with a high-volume low-pressure atomizer paint spray gun. The nanopaint is prepared by ultrasonication by placing 1 gram of MWCNT in a polyurethane commercial base paint (500 ml). Taguchi design of experiments is used to identify the most efficient use of procedure parameters using the L9 orthogonal array table. Heat transfer of the substrate is found by temperature measurements of the convective heat transfer through extended surfaces. Surface morphology is studied by scanning electron microscope and upright microscopy. Analysis of variance technique is used to find the most influencing input parameters and contribution of values to maximizing surface finish and minimizing the heat transfer effect. The study shows that there is an enhancement in surface finish and minimization of heat transfer in the nanopaint coated substrate when compared with normal paint application using the ABB robot.

scholarly journals A method for measuring total aerosol oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and comparisons between an urban and roadside site of water-soluble and total OP

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2821-2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Gao ◽  
Ting Fang ◽  
Vishal Verma ◽  
Linghan Zeng ◽  
Rodney J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Georgia Tech ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
The Third ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
Solid Aerosol

Abstract. An automated analytical system was developed for measuring the oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay of filter extracts that include both water-soluble and water-insoluble (solid) aerosol species. Three approaches for measuring total oxidative potential were compared. These include using methanol as the solvent with (1) and without (2) filtering the extract, followed by removing the solvent and reconstituting with water, and (3) extraction in pure water and performing the OP analysis in the extraction vial with the filter. The water extraction method (the third approach, with filter remaining in the vial) generally yielded the highest DTT responses with better precision (coefficient of variation of 1–5 %) and was correlated with a greater number of other aerosol components. Because no organic solvents were used, which must be mostly eliminated prior to DTT analysis, it was easiest to automate by modifying an automated analytical system for measuring water-soluble OP developed by Fang et al. (2015). Therefore, the third method was applied to the field study for the determination of total OP. Daily 23 h filter samples were collected simultaneously at a roadside (RS) and a representative urban (Georgia Tech, GT) site for two 1-month study periods, and both water-soluble (OPWS-DTT) and total (OPTotal-DTT) OP were measured. Using PM2. 5 (aerodynamic diameter  <  2.5 µm) high-volume samplers with quartz filters, the OPWS-DTT-to-OPTotal-DTT ratio at the urban site was 65 % with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.71 (N  =  35; p value  <  0.01), compared to a ratio of 62 % and r = 0. 56 (N  =  31; p value  <  0.01) at the roadside site. The same DTT analyses were performed, and similar results were found using particle composition monitors (flow rate of 16.7 L min−1) with Teflon filters. Comparison of measurements between sites showed only slightly higher levels of both OPWS-DTT and OPTotal-DTT at the RS site, indicating both OPWS-DTT and OPTotal-DTT were largely spatially homogeneous. These results are consistent with roadway emissions as sources of DTT-quantified PM2. 5 OP and indicate that both soluble and insoluble aerosol components contributing to OP are largely secondary.

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