General Corrosion Behavior of N06022 in Super Concentrated Brines at Temperatures Higher than 100°C

2008 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul B. Rebak
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Alloy 22 ◽  
Nickel Based Alloy ◽  
Anions And Cations

AbstractAlloy 22 (N06022) is a highly corrosion resistant nickel based alloy. Extensive research has been conducted in the last eight years on the corrosion behavior of Alloy 22, mainly regarding its resistance to localized corrosion. Less attention has been paid to the general corrosion resistance in highly concentrated brines that may result from the deliquescence of salts contained in dust. Salts such as mixtures of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, NaNO3, and KNO3 may deliquesce at temperatures above 100°C through absorption of moisture from the air. Electrochemical tests were used to assess the general corrosion behavior of Alloy 22 in brines with chloride and nitrate concentrations ranging from 8 molal to 100 molal in the temperature range 100 to 160°C. The effect of mixed anions and cations was also studied. Results show that, even for short-term immersion periods, the corrosion rate of Alloy 22 in high temperatures super concentrated brines is generally below 10 μm/year.

scholarly journals Assessment of nickel titanium and beta titanium corrosion resistance behavior in fluoride and chloride environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa J. Kassab ◽  
José Ponciano Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Galvanic Coupling ◽  
Beta Titanium

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the influence of fluoride concentration on the corrosion behavior of nickel titanium (NiTi) superelastic wire and to compare the corrosion resistance of NiTi with that of beta titanium alloy in physiological solution with and without addition of fluoride. Materials and Methods: NiTi corrosion resistance was investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic polarization in sodium chloride (NaCl 0.15 M) with and without addition of 0.02 M sodium fluoride (NaF), and the results were compared with those associated with beta titanium. The influence of fluoride concentration on NiTi corrosion behavior was assessed in NaCl (0.15 M) with and without 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.12 M NaF solution. Galvanic corrosion between NiTi and beta titanium were investigated. All samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Polarization resistance decreased when NaF concentration was increased, and, depending on NaF concentration, NiTi can suffer localized or generalized corrosion. In NaCl solution with 0.02 M NaF, NiTi suffer localized corrosion, while beta titanium alloys remained passive. Current values near zero were observed by galvanic coupling of NiTi and beta titanium. Conclusions: There is a decrease in NiTi corrosion resistance in the presence of fluoride. The corrosion behavior of NiTi alloy depends on fluoride concentration. When 0.02 and 0.04 M of NaF were added to the NaCl solution, NiTi presented localized corrosion. When NaF concentration increased to 0.05, 0.07, and 0.12 M, the alloy presented general corrosion. NiTi corrosion resistance behavior is lower than that of beta titanium. Galvanic coupling of these alloys does not increase corrosion rates.

Anodic Behavior of Specimens Prepared From a Full-Diameter Alloy 22 Fabricated Mockup Container for Nuclear Waste

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-736
Author(s):  
John C. Estill ◽  
Raul B. Rebak
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Anodic Behavior ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Annealed Condition ◽  
Alloy 22

Alloy 22 (N06022) has been extensively tested for general and localized corrosion behavior both in the wrought annealed condition and in the as-welded condition. In general, the specimens for laboratory testing are mostly prepared from flat plates of material. It is important to determine if the process of fabricating a container will affect the corrosion performance of this alloy. Thus, specimens for corrosion testing were prepared directly from a fabricated full-diameter Alloy 22 container. Results show that both the anodic corrosion behavior and the localized corrosion resistance of specimens prepared from a welded container were the same as those from flat welded plates.

scholarly journals Review of Corrosion Modes For Alloy 22 Regarding Lifetime Expectancy of Nuclear Waste Containers

2002 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl B. Rebak ◽  
John C. Estill
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Waste Package ◽  
Environmentally Assisted Cracking ◽  
Alloy 22 ◽  
Lifetime Expectancy

ABSTRACTAlloy 22 (UNS N06022) was selected to fabricate the corrosion resistant outer barrier of a two-layer nuclear waste package container. This paper reviews the main corrosion degradation modes that are predicted for the outer layer of the container. Current results show that the containers would perform well under general corrosion, localized corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). For example, the general corrosion rate is expected to be below 100 nm/year and the container is predicted to be outside the range of potential for localized corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking.

Effects of Fluoride and other Anions on the Corrosion of Alloy 22

2002 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Pulvirenti ◽  
K. M. Needham ◽  
M. A. Adel-Hadadi ◽  
A. Barkatt ◽  
C. R. Marks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Alloy 22

ABSTRACTSamples of Alloy 22 were tested in solutions containing various anions in order to determine their effect on the corrosion of the alloy. It was found that Alloy 22 is relatively corrosion resistant in HCl and HNO3 at pH 1 and 160°C (general corrosion rates on the order of 10 μm/year), but more susceptible to phosphoric acid, especially under reducing conditions. The presence of fluoride raised the corrosion rate of Alloy 22 to the order 1 mm/year at pH 1, and fluoride is still active towards Alloy 22 at pH levels as high as 3.5. Samples tested in solutions of 1000xJ13 in which the pH was altered during testing showed an increase in corrosion rate over solutions of constant pH. Preliminary electrochemical tests suggest that nitrate may be an effective corrosion inhibitor in fluoride containing solutions, while sulfate is not.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Alloys Intended to Come into Direct or Prolonged Contact with Live Tissues

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina Ionescu ◽  
Lucien Reclaru ◽  
Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean ◽  
Andreas Blatter
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Prolonged Contact

The evaluation of the biological safety and degradation of materials is quite important for risk assessment in various biomedical applications. In this study, two procedures were followed to characterize the corrosion resistance of different Ti-based alloys. The first one consisted of performing specific electrochemical tests (open circuit potential, linear resistance polarization, Tafel plots, potentiodynamic polarization) in order to highlight their behavior to the general and localized corrosion. The static and dynamic fatigue cycles combined with crevice corrosion conducted on a new prototype have completed the study. The second procedure followed was a cations extraction investigation (by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in order to verify the ionic permeability of the oxides layers formed on the surfaces. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used for surface analysis. It was noticed that in these two electrolytes, the bulk Ti-based alloys presented an almost similar general corrosion behavior. The small differences of behavior for Ti6Al4V scaffolds were correlated to the surface oxidation and roughness (owing to the selective laser melting process). The Ti alloys presented no traces of localized corrosion at the end of the test. The fatigue cycles revealed that a strong and adhesive oxides film was formed during the static cycles (difficult to remove even during the depassivation steps). The concentration of cations released was at the detection limit, revealing very good passivation films, in adequacy with the all the other results.

scholarly journals Anodic Behavior of Specimens Prepared From a Full-Diameter Alloy 22 Fabricated Container for Nuclear Waste

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. King ◽  
John C. Estill ◽  
Rau´l B. Rebak
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Anodic Behavior ◽  
Corrosion Performance ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Annealed Condition ◽  
Alloy 22

Alloy 22 (N06022) has been extensively tested for general and localized corrosion behavior both in the wrought and annealed condition and in the as-welded condition. The specimens for testing were mostly prepared from flat plates of material. It was important to determine if the process of fabricating a full diameter Alloy 22 container will affect the corrosion performance of the alloy. Specimens were prepared directly from a fabricated container and tested for corrosion resistance. Results show that both the anodic corrosion behavior and the localized corrosion resistance of specimens prepared from a welded fabricated container was the same as from flat welded plates.

scholarly journals Effect of Manganese on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of the Mg-3Al Alloys

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao ◽  
Liu ◽  
Zeng ◽  
Li ◽  
Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Microstructure Observation

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of the Mg-3Al-xMn (x = 0, 0.12, 0.21, 0.36, 0.45) (hereafter in wt.%) alloys were experimentally investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical, and hydrogen evolution tests. A new self-constructed Mg-Al-Mn-Fe thermodynamic database was used to predict the solidification paths of the alloys. The addition of Mn showed no grain refinement in the cast Mg-3Al alloys. According to the microstructure observation, Al-Fe phases were observed in the non-Mn-added alloy, while Al8Mn5(LT) (Al8Mn5 in low temperature) became the main intermetallic phase in the Mn-added alloys, and the amount increased gradually with the Mn addition. The τ–Al0.89Mn1.11 phase with lower Al/(Fe + Mn) ratio was observed in the alloys with 0.36 and 0.45 wt.% Mn content. According to the electrochemical tests, all five alloys showed localized corrosion characteristics in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Compared with the Mg-3Al alloy, the corrosion resistance of Mn-added alloys were significantly improved and increased gradually with the Mn addition, which was due to the variation of Al-containing intermetallic compounds. The present experimental investigations and thermodynamic calculations confirmed the mechanism that the increasing amount of Al8Mn5(LT) with Mn addition could encapsulate the B2-Al(Mn,Fe) phase with higher Fe. Therefore, it could prevent this detrimental phase from contacting magnesium matrix, thus suppressing micro-galvanic corrosion and improving corrosion resistance gradually.

scholarly journals Influence of the Environment on the General Corrosion Rate of Alloy 22 (N06022)

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rau´l B. Rebak ◽  
Paul Crook
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Alloy 22 ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Selection Of

Nickel (Ni) can dissolve a large amount of alloying elements while still maintaining its desirable austenitic microstructure. The resulting alloys are generally divided in families depending on the type of alloying elements they contain. Each one of these families is aimed to specific applications. Corrosive environments in industrial applications are generally divided for example in reducing acids, oxidizing acids, contaminated acids, caustic environments, oxidizing salts, etc. Depending on the application and the environment (electrolyte composition and temperature) several or single alloys may be recommended to fabricate components. The Ni-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) series contains a balanced selection of beneficial alloying elements so it can handle a variety of aggressive environments. By design, Alloy 22 or N06022 is one of the most versatile corrosion resistant nickel alloys since it has outstanding corrosion resistance both in reducing and oxidizing conditions.

INCONEL ALLOY 22

Alloy Digest ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Inconel Alloy ◽  
Resistant Alloy ◽  
Alloy 22 ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Alloy

Abstract Inconel alloy 22 is an advanced corrosion-resistant alloy with exceptional resistance to aqueous and pitting corrosion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as joining. Filing Code: Ni-624. Producer or source: Special Metals Corporation.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Anodizing Treatment to Enhance Localized Corrosion Resistance of Pure Titanium

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Prando ◽  
Andrea Brenna ◽  
Fabio M. Bolzoni ◽  
Maria V. Diamanti ◽  
Mariapia Pedeferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Anodic Current Density ◽  
Anodic Current ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Pitting Potential

Background Titanium has outstanding corrosion resistance due to the thin protective oxide layer that is formed on its surface. Nevertheless, in harsh and severe environments, pure titanium may suffer localized corrosion. In those conditions, costly titanium alloys containing palladium, nickel and molybdenum are used. This purpose investigated how it is possible to control corrosion, at lower cost, by electrochemical surface treatment on pure titanium, increasing the thickness of the natural oxide layer. Methods Anodic oxidation was performed on titanium by immersion in H2SO4 solution and applying voltages ranging from 10 to 80 V. Different anodic current densities were considered. Potentiodynamic tests in chloride- and fluoride-containing solutions were carried out on anodized titanium to determine the pitting potential. Results All tested anodizing treatments increased corrosion resistance of pure titanium, but never reached the performance of titanium alloys. The best corrosion behavior was obtained on titanium anodized at voltages lower than 40 V at 20 mA/cm2. Conclusions Titanium samples anodized at low cell voltage were seen to give high corrosion resistance in chloride- and fluoride-containing solutions. Electrolyte bath and anodic current density have little effect on the corrosion behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document