Thermoelectric Module For Low Temperature Applications

2001 ◽  
Vol 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Lal ◽  
Sim Loo ◽  
Duck-Young Chung ◽  
Theodora Kyratsi ◽  
Mercouri G. Kanatzidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Thermoelectric Cooling ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
Transport Measurements ◽  
Theoretical Simulations

ABSTRACTThe possibility of a prototype thermoelectric cooling device for operation near liquid nitrogen temperatures has been explored. In these devices, the figure of merit involves a combination of the properties of the two branches of the module. Here, we investigate the fabrication of a module with a new low temperature material, CsBi4Te6 (p-type), and the best known low temperature n-type materials Bi85Sb15. Transport measurements for each of these materials show high performance at low temperatures. Known values for the figure of merit Zmax of CsBi4Te6 is 3.5 × 10−3 K−1 at 225K and for Bi85Sb15 is 6.5 × 10−3 K−1 at 77K. At 100K these values drop to 2.0×10−3 K−1 for CsBi4Te6 and 6.0×10−3 K−1 for Bi85Sb15. Theoretical simulations based on these data show a cooling of δT = 12K at 100K, which is almost three times the efficiency of a Bi2Te3 module at that temperature. We present transport measurements of elements used in the fabrication of a low temperature thermoelectric module and properties of the resulting module.

scholarly journals Enabling high performance n-type metal oxide semiconductors at low temperatures for thin film transistors

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1822-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Tiwari ◽  
Amoolya Nirmal ◽  
Mohit Rameshchandra Kulkarni ◽  
Rohit Abraham John ◽  
Nripan Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Oxide Semiconductors ◽  
Oxide Semiconductors ◽  
Temperature Activation

The review highlights low temperature activation processes for high performance n-type metal oxide semiconductors for TFTs.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Ce14Fe78Co2B6 Nanopowders Prepared by Ball Milling at Low Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Marian Grigoras ◽  
Mihaela Lostun ◽  
Firuta Borza ◽  
Marieta Porcescu ◽  
George Stoian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hard Magnetic Properties ◽  
Uniform Particle Size ◽  
Microstructure And Magnetic Properties

Ce14Fe78Co2B6 nanopowders with hard-magnetic properties have been successfully prepared by ball milling at low temperatures in liquid nitrogen. The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of Ce14Fe78Co2B6 powders have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry, respectively. It was found that powder ball milling at low temperature in liquid nitrogen, has the advantage that the oxidation of powders is inhibited and the particles rapidly reach nanometric dimensions. In comparison to the Ce14Fe78Co2B6 powders prepared by ball milling at room temperature, the powders milled at low temperature present a more uniform particle size and no rare-earth oxides, which leads thus to remarkable magnetic properties. The nanocrystalline Ce14Fe78Co2B6 powders with optimum characteristics, prepared at low temperature, have the size of 153 nm or less, present a coercivity of 5.1 kOe, and a saturation magnetization of 113 emu/g after milling for 6 h at low temperature. Low temperature milling may become a promising technique for the fabrication of high performance powders used for permanent magnets preparation.

scholarly journals Cooling Performance of Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC) and Applications: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 03021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqilah Che Sulaiman ◽  
Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin ◽  
Mohd Hafif Basha ◽  
Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid ◽  
Nashrul Fazli bin Mohd Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Thermoelectric Cooling ◽  
Compact Size

Thermoelectric cooling (TEC) is a new attractive method that is can be used as a temperature controller. Thermoelectric module (TEM) is a device that environmentally friendly utilizing for cooling and heating application such as heat pump and power generation. Therefore, the understanding of relation between electrical conductivity and heat conductivity of the TEC material is essentially to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) efficiency. The figure of merit is addressed by focusing the best material in TEC with different cooling material. The critical finding of TEC for this review paper is the higher the electrical conductivity and the lower thermal conductivity, the maximum the COP. Finally, the possiblity of the TEC application is reviewed according to the advantages of TEC such as high reliability, less maintenance and compact size that commercially found in large range of thermoelectric cooling system. N

scholarly journals CRYOGENIC AIR CONDITIONING OF MOTOR VEHICLES

2014 ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
M. JAIVIGNESH ◽  
DR. B. VIJAYA RAMNATH
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Liquid Helium ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Absolute Zero ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Low Temperature Refrigeration ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Cryogenics is the branch of physics and engineering that involves the study of very low temperatures (below 123 K), how to produce them, and how materials behave at those temperatures. It is frequently applied to low temperature refrigeration applications such as in the study of physical phenomena of materials at temperature approaching absolute zero and in the liquefaction of gases. Liquefied gases such as liquid nitrogen and liquid helium are used in many cryogenic applications. Using liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant reduces chloro-fluorocarbon (CFC) emission in atmosphere and it is an eco-friendly technique. This paper deals with usage of liquid nitrogen in air conditioning of motor vehicles. First the preparation of liquid nitrogen is discussed, followed by its storage and working as a refrigerant in air conditioning system. This is followed by its advantages and draw backs.

scholarly journals MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY OF CYTOCHROMES IN THE SINGLE CELL AT ROOM AND LIQUID NITROGEN TEMPERATURES

1965 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Thorell ◽  
B. Chance ◽  
V. Legallais
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Favorable Conditions

By increasing further the sensitivity of microspectrophotometry, it is now possible to measure, under favorable conditions, the smaller absorption bands of the respiratory pigments of single cells in the visible region of the spectrum. A considerable aid in the distinction between cytochromes is afforded by liquid nitrogen microspectrophotometry. Under favorable conditions, the height of the peaks is increased over 8-fold at low temperatures. In diploid yeast, characteristically sharpened components not resolvable at room temperature are observed at low temperature; and in pentaploid yeast, a hitherto unrecognized pigment is observed at 583 mµ. These preliminary results indicate the feasibility and the value of low temperature microspectrophotometry of biological materials.

The Infrared Spectra of Amino Acids and Some Simple Polypeptides to 33 cm−1 at Room and Liquid Nitrogen Temperatures

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Feairheller ◽  
J. T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Analytical Information

The ir spectra of a number of amino acids have been studied and the absorption bands in the 400–33 cm−1 region are reported. Spectra were recorded at both room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. It was observed that recording at low temperatures is a useful method for obtaining additional analytical information when the amino acids are in the zwitterion form. Low temperature is also useful in determining the assignment of several of the low frequency bands.

Fluorinated carboxylate ester-based electrolyte for lithium ion batteries operated at low temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (67) ◽  
pp. 9640-9643
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Panlong Li ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Zhong Fang ◽  
Congxiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Solvation Energy ◽  
Fluorinated Electrolyte

A novel fluorinated electrolyte is formulated with low freezing point and solvation energy, realizing high performance batteries that operate at low temperatures.

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cooked Beef by Low-Temperature Molecular Luminescence Spectrometry Using a Moving Sample Cooling Belt

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Jones ◽  
Mark R. Glick ◽  
Michael A. Mignardi ◽  
James D. Winefordner
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Present System ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
Molecular Luminescence ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Luminescence Spectrometry

Four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are identified in broiled hamburger at the part per billion level by low-temperature molecular luminescence spectrometry (LT-MLS). Hamburger extracts in a Shpol'skii solvent are injected onto a moving sample cooling device maintained at 15 K in a vacuum. Results obtained by the present system are compared with those obtained by constant energy synchronous luminescence spectrometry (CESLS) at 77 K and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with multiwavelength detection.

High performance perovskite solar cell via multi-cycle low temperature processing of lead acetate precursor solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (26) ◽  
pp. 4784-4787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trilok Singh ◽  
Tsutomu Miyasaka
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Smooth Interface ◽  
Low Temperature Processing ◽  
Lead Source

A lead acetate-based precursor, as a lead source in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite, showed potential in rapidly (<60 seconds) forming homogeneous films with a very smooth interface and large grain growth at relatively low temperatures via multi-step coating.

In situ Tensile Experiments at Low Temperatures on Niobium Single Crystals by H.V.E.M.

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
F. H. Louchet ◽  
L. P. Kubin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Slip System ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Axis ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Screw Dislocations ◽  
Source Operation

Experiments have been carried out on the 3 MeV electron microscope in Toulouse. The low temperature straining holder has been previously described Images given by an image intensifier are recorded on magnetic tape.The microtensile niobium samples are cut in a plane with the two operative slip directions [111] and lying in the foil plane. The tensile axis is near [011].Our results concern:- The transition temperature of niobium near 220 K: at this temperature and below an increasing difference appears between the mobilities of the screw and edge portions of dislocations loops. Source operation and interactions between screw dislocations of different slip system have been recorded.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document