Laser Direct-Write Of Alkaline Microbatteries

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-758-ll3.8 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 758 ◽

Author(s):

Craig B. Arnold ◽

Alberto Piqué

Keyword(s):

Laser Wavelength ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Constant Current ◽

Direct Write ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Forward Transfer ◽

Alkaline Cell ◽

Processing Material ◽

Laser Direct Write

ABSTRACTWe are developing a laser engineering approach to fabricate and optimize various types of alkaline microbatteries. Microbattery cells are produced using a laser forward transfer process that is compatible with the materials required to make the anode, cathode, separator and current collectors. The use of an ultraviolet transfer laser (wavelength = 355 nm, 30 ns FWHM) enables other operations such as surface processing, trimming and micromachining of the transferred materials and substrate and is performed in situ. Such multi-capability for adding, removing and processing material is unique to this direct-write technique and provides the ability to laser pattern complicated structures needed for fabricating complete microbattery assemblies. In this paper, we demonstrate the production of planar zinc-silver oxide alkaline cell by laser direct-write under ambient conditions. The microbattery cells exhibit 1.5–1.6 V open circuit potentials, as expected for the battery chemistry and show flat discharge behavior under constant current loads.

Download Full-text

Laser Direct Write and Gas Immersion Laser Doping Fabrication of SiC Diodes

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-815-j3.4 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 815 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Z. Tian ◽

N.R. Quick ◽

A. Kar

Keyword(s):

Ohmic Contacts ◽

Wafer Surface ◽

Direct Write ◽

Laser Doping ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

P Type ◽

Sic Wafer ◽

Laser Direct Write ◽

Defect Densities

AbstractLaboratory prototype SiC diodes are fabricated using a combination of gas immersion laser doping (GILD) and laser direct write (LDW) in situ metallization in a commercial SiC wafer. Trimethylaluminum (TMA) and nitrogen are the precursors used to produce p-type and n-type SiC, respectively. Using these techniques, a 150 nm p-type doped junction is fabricated in semiinsulating 6H-SiC and n-doped 4H-SiC wafers. Ohmic contacts are created by laser direct metallization producing carbon rich conductive phases in these doped materials. Alternatively an excimer laser can be used to create silicon rich Schottky contacts. The geometry of the diodes can be vertical or planar to the wafer surface and the laser processes are thought to reduce defect densities in the irradiated areas. These laser-processed diodes are intended for use in high temperature, high voltage and high frequency switching and sensing applications.

Download Full-text

Laser Direct-Write of Materials for Microelectronics Applications

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-624-99 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 624 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. M. A. Rahman ◽

D. N. Wells ◽

M. T. Duignan

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Laser Sintering ◽

Direct Write ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Substrate Adhesion ◽

Bulk Silver ◽

Wide Range ◽

Direct Laser ◽

Laser Direct Write ◽

Micro Patterns

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate a laser direct-write method, a maskless process that transfers material directly from a ribbon to a substrate. This process offers the promise of fabricating passive electronic micro-components at a high speed with high spatial resolution. We are developing a workstation implementing this direct-write method, which integrates deposition, direct laser sintering, and micromachining capability on a single machine. Using this workstation we have deposited micro-patterns of conducting lines and resistors on alumina and polyimide substrates under ambient conditions that exhibit good electrical properties and substrate adhesion. From preliminary studies of laser sintering it was found that a wide range of sintering conditions may be used to arrive at silver conducting lines (∼60 µm × 10 µm) on alumina substrate with resistivity in the range of 5 to 10 times the resistivity of bulk silver. Preliminary results also indicate direct laser sintering of cermet resistor material can yield reproducible resistance values.

Download Full-text

Electromigration Reliability of Electroplated Gold Interconnects

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2014.547 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1692 ◽

Author(s):

Steve H. Kilgore ◽

Dieter K. Schroder

Keyword(s):

Current Density ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Constant Current ◽

Measured Temperature ◽

Lifetime Distributions ◽

Current Densities ◽

Log Normal ◽

Equipment Application ◽

A Current

ABSTRACTThe electromigration lifetimes of a very large quantity of passivated electroplated Au interconnects were measured utilizing high-resolution in-situ resistance monitoring equipment. Application of moderate accelerated stress conditions with current density limited to 2 MA/cm2 and oven temperatures in the range of 300°C to 375°C prevented large Joule-heated temperature gradients and electrical overstress failures. A Joule-heated Au film temperature increase of 10°C on average was determined from measured temperature coefficients of resistance (TCRs). A failure criterion of 50% resistance degradation was selected to avoid thermal runaway and catastrophic open circuit failures. All Au lifetime distributions followed log-normal statistics. An activation energy of 0.80 ± 0.05 eV was measured from constant-current electromigration tests at multiple temperatures. A current density exponent of 1.91 ± 0.03 was extracted from multiple current densities at a single constant temperature.

Download Full-text

Fabrication Of Mesoscale Energy Storage Systems By Laser Direct-Write

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-758-ll3.6 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 758 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Craig B. Arnold ◽

Ryan C. Wartena ◽

Karen E. Swider-Lyons ◽

Alberto Piqué

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Ruthenium Oxide ◽

Power Delivery ◽

Direct Write ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Power Sources ◽

Battery Materials ◽

Forward Transfer ◽

Battery Technology ◽

Laser Direct Write

ABSTRACTOver the last two decades, there has been a trend towards the development of smaller and more autonomous electronic devices, yet the question of how to power these microdevices with correspondingly small power sources remains. To address this problem, we employ a laser forward-transfer process in combination with ultraviolet laser micromachining, to fabricate mesoscale electrochemical power sources, such as microbatteries and micro-ultracapacitors. This direct-write laser-engineering approach enables the deposition of battery materials (hydrous ruthenium oxide, manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, etc.) under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions, resulting in films with the desired morphological and electrochemical properties. Planar and stacked cell configurations are produced and tested for their energy storage and power delivery capabilities and exhibit favorable performance in comparison to current battery technology.

Download Full-text

Laser Direct-Write Micro Dents Using Laser Shock Peening: Experimental Study and Numerical Simulations

2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems ◽

10.1115/micronano2008-70157 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

M. P. Sealy ◽

Y. B. Guo ◽

C. Dumitrescu ◽

P. V. Puzinauskas ◽

S. C. Chen

Keyword(s):

Shock Pressure ◽

Laser Shock Peening ◽

Direct Write ◽

Laser Shock ◽

Laser Material ◽

Shock Peening ◽

Laser Direct Write ◽

Material Interaction ◽

Compressive Residual Stresses

Laser shock peening (LSP) is an innovative surface treatment developed to improve surface integrity. The primary purpose of LSP in the literature is to impart compressive residual stresses below the surface of a material. This study explores the feasibility using LSP to direct-write surface micro dents for lubricant retention. Micro dents have been successfully fabricated on the aluminum 6061-T6 surfaces. LSP is a highly transient process with a pulse duration of 10 – 100 ns. As a consequence, the real time in-situ measurements of laser/material interaction is challenging. Therefore, FEA simulations of LSP were performed via 3D spatial and temporal shock pressure using user material and load subroutines. The results suggested there is an optimal peening time that produces the deepest dent.

Download Full-text

Laser direct-write using air-drying conductive paste

Pacific International Conference on Applications of Lasers and Optics ◽

10.2351/1.5057118 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

David A. Willis ◽

Daniel M. Perkins ◽

Jason P. Stegall

Keyword(s):

Direct Write ◽

Air Drying ◽

Laser Direct Write

Download Full-text

Online State-of-Charge Estimation Based on the Gas–Liquid Dynamics Model for Li(NiMnCo)O2 Battery

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 324

Author(s):

Haobin Jiang ◽

Xijia Chen ◽

Yifu Liu ◽

Qian Zhao ◽

Huanhuan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Test ◽

Robustness Analysis ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

State Of Charge ◽

Constant Current ◽

Estimation Accuracy ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Battery Management System ◽

Liquid Dynamics

Accurately estimating the online state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery is one of the crucial issues of the battery management system. In this paper, the gas–liquid dynamics (GLD) battery model with direct temperature input is selected to model Li(NiMnCo)O2 battery. The extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm is elaborated to couple the offline model and online model to achieve the goal of quickly eliminating initial errors in the online SOC estimation. An implementation of the hybrid pulse power characterization test is performed to identify the offline parameters and determine the open-circuit voltage vs. SOC curve. Apart from the standard cycles including Constant Current cycle, Federal Urban Driving Schedule cycle, Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule cycle and Dynamic Stress Test cycle, a combined cycle is constructed for experimental validation. Furthermore, the study of the effect of sampling time on estimation accuracy and the robustness analysis of the initial value are carried out. The results demonstrate that the proposed method realizes the accurate estimation of SOC with a maximum mean absolute error at 0.50% in five working conditions and shows strong robustness against the sparse sampling and input error.

Download Full-text

Diffusion-induced in situ growth of covalent organic frameworks for composite membranes

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c9ta11191c ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (45) ◽

pp. 25802-25807 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Priyanka Manchanda ◽

Stefan Chisca ◽

Lakshmeesha Upadhyaya ◽

Valentina-Elena Musteata ◽

Mark Carrington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Times ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Thin Layers ◽

In Situ Growth ◽

Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽

Polymeric Support ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Induction Method ◽

Covalent Organic Framework

Thin layers of a covalent organic framework (COF) have been synthesized on a flexible polymeric support using a new diffusion-induction method under ambient conditions in reaction times as short as 3 hours.

Download Full-text