Electrodeposition of CIGS on Metal Substrates

2003 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kampmann ◽  
J. Rechid ◽  
A. Raitzig ◽  
S. Wulff ◽  
M. Mihhailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Sequential Process ◽  
Metal Substrates ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Steel Substrates

AbstractThe development of a low cost roll-to-roll production process for CIGS remains an attractive goal. In the present approach, the absorber is prepared by electrodeposition techniques, while molybdenum, copper or stainless steel (SS) are used as flexible substrates. Two electrodeposition routes are evaluated: sequential plating of Cu, In and Ga followed by Se evaporation is compared to simultaneous (= ternary) electrodeposition of Cu, In and Se. Ternary electrodeposition yields 7.5 % efficiency on stainless steel. The sequential process leads to 9.0 % cell efficiency on copper and on stainless steel substrates.

Flexible, Monolithically Integrated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Modules

2005 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Herrmann ◽  
Friedrich Kessler ◽  
Ulf Klemm ◽  
Robert Kniese ◽  
Theresa Magorian Friedlmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Metal Foil ◽  
Monolithically Integrated ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Roll To Roll

AbstractCIGS (Cu(In,Ga)Se2) thin-film solar modules on glass substrates are currently on the verge of commercialization. Entirely new application areas could be accessed with CIGS modules fabricated on thin and flexible non-glass substrates. Additionally, the roll-to-roll manufacturing of such flexible CIGS modules promises to be a low-cost production method. Different external Na supply methods and a vacuum-deposited buffer were investigated in this contribution, a sample of the challenges we face when modifying the standard, industrial CIGS module production process to the particular requirements of flexible substrates. Both metal foil substrates and polymer films are considered. Our excellent best results of above 14 % for single cells on titanium, more than 11% on polyimide, and around 7 % for modules on both substrates indicate our progress in developing flexible CIGS.

An Investigation onto Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Printing Plate of Multiple Functional Solid Line by Flexographic

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Maksud ◽  
Mohd Sallehuddin Yusof ◽  
M. Mahadi Abdul Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Line Width ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Printing Plate ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Printing Processes

Recently low cost production is vital to produce printed electronics by roll to roll manufacturing printing process like a flexographic. Flexographic has a high speed technique which commonly used for printing onto large area flexible substrates. However, the minimum feature sizes achieved with roll to roll printing processes, such as flexographic is in the range of fifty microns. The main contribution of this limitation is photopolymer flexographic plate unable to be produced finer micron range due to film that made by Laser Ablation Mask (LAMs) technology not sufficiently robust and consequently at micron ranges line will not be formed on the printing plate. Hence, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used instead of photopolymer. Printing trial had been conducted and multiple solid lines successfully printed for below fifty microns line width with no interference between two adjacent lines of the printed images.

scholarly journals Wide optical gap B-doped nc-Si thin films with advanced crystallinity and conductivity on transparent flexible substrates for potential low-cost flexible electronics including nc-Si superstrate p–i–n solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debajyoti Das ◽  
Chandralina Patra
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Optical Gap ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

The current boost in flexible energy harvesting devices demands the fabrication of solar cells on non-rigid, light-weight and cheap substrates to make roll-to-roll processing technology economically viable.

82‐2: Invited Paper: Roll‐to‐Roll Processing of Polysilicon TFTs on Flexible Large Area Stainless Steel Substrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1183-1186
Author(s):  
Aditi Chandra ◽  
Arvind Kamath ◽  
Scott Bruner ◽  
Patricia Beck ◽  
Peter Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Steel Substrates

Large Area Microcontact Printing Presses for Plastic Electronics

2004 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Hyun Lee ◽  
Etienne Menard ◽  
Nancy G. Tassi ◽  
John A. Rogers ◽  
Graciela B. Blanchet
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Microcontact Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Plastic Electronics ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Micron Size

ABSTRACTLow cost fabrication is key to the successful introduction of organic electronics and roll to roll manufacturing processes. We propose here that extending flexography into the micron size resolution regime may provide an economical commercialization path for plastic devices. Flexography is a high-speed technique commonly used for printing onto very large area flexible substrates.[1] Although low resolution and poor registration are characteristics of today's flexographic process, it has many similarities with soft lithographic techniques. This work shows that large, (12”×12”) high-resolution printing plates appropriate for use on small tag and label flexographic presses can be prepared using simple and inexpensive flexographic compatible processes. We illustrate the use of these plates for three representative soft lithographic processes: microcontact printing, replica molding, and phase shift lithography.

Lithography on flexible substrates: a roll-to-roll high-throughput high-resolution system for low-cost production of microelectronics

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanti Jain ◽  
Thomas J. Dunn ◽  
Nestor Farmiga ◽  
Mark Zemel ◽  
Carl Weisbecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Resolution System

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ПОПЕРЕДНЬОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ПОВЕРХНІ ПІДКЛАДОК НА МОРФОЛОГІЮ ДВОКОМПОНЕНТНИХ ПОКРИТТІВ, ОТРИМАНИХ В ІНВЕРСНІЙ МАГНЕТРОННІЙ РОЗПОРОШУВАЛЬНІЙ СИСТЕМІ

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Денис Витальевич Слюсарь ◽  
Владимир Петрович Колесник ◽  
Олег Николаевич Чугай ◽  
Леонид Васильевич Литовченко ◽  
Евгений Иванович Ищенко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Plasma Flows ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Metal Substrates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
Sputtering System

The factors affecting the efficiency of ion cleaning of CuAl9Fe4 bronze substrates and 12X18H9T stainless steel applying the «Вихрь-К» pilot plant were investigated. The unit is equipped with an inverse magnetron sputtering system with a gas anode, partitioned by cathode assemblies and ensures the creation of radial plasma flows. It was investigated the composition and morphology of the substrates’ surface and the WC-type coatings formed on them, applying «СЭМ 106» scanning electron microscope. It has been established that the effectiveness of the ionic cleaning of the substrate surface is influenced by the magnitude of the potential, under which the target cathodes are in relation to the installation case. Under conditions of relatively high positive potential, purification does not occur at all. At the same time, at a low potential, the sputtering of the material of target cathodes is observed. Therefore, it became necessary to experimentally establish the mode of ion cleaning of CuAl9Fe4 bronze substrates and 12X18H9T stainless steel using an inverse magnetron sputtering system with a gas anode, partitioned cathode nodes, and radial plasma flows, ensuring high-quality cleaning of the surfaces of the substrates without spraying the cathodes. The mode is determined by the electrical resistance of the resistors, which are connected to the cathode nodes. The morphology and surface composition of various parts of the bronze and steel substrates, both after their ionic cleaning and with the deposited coating such as tungsten carbide, was investigated. It was established that, in contrast to coatings formed using this system with axial plasma flows, when using radial flows, there is no dependence of the surface morphology on the remoteness of the investigated coating area relative to the substrate edge. This may be due to the characteristics of the electric field and plasma flows in the vicinity of both target cathodes and metal substrates. Thus, when forming coatings of the WC type on metal substrates with the help of magnetron sputtering systems, there are certain advantages of applying radial plasma flows compared to axial flows.

An original flexible structure for Organic Photovoltaic Devices

2004 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ornella Sanna ◽  
Mario Cossu ◽  
Tomas Pilia ◽  
Annalisa Bonfiglio
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Insulating Material ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Supporting Layer ◽  
Poly Ethylene

ABSTRACTA simple idea is proposed for the realization of organic photovoltaic devices on flexible substrates. According to this, a poly(ethylene terephtalate) layer (Mylar), transparent, a few micrometers thick and completely flexible, works as mechanical support. It is an insulating material, which has good mechanical and dielectric properties and, most important, it is completely transparent to ultraviolet light. For this reason it could be suitable for being used as transparent supporting layer for large area photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, its mechanical properties allow to employ it in a roll-to-roll lamination procedure that could give rise to low cost extended films carrying solar cells on the surface.

UNS S41003

Alloy Digest ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Bend Strength

Abstract UNS S41003 is a low-cost utilitarian martensitic stainless steel to be used for highway and other applications. It is used in the tempered condition at several strength levels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear and bend strength It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-815. Producer or source: Bethlehem Lukens Plate.

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