Single Cell Based Microelectrode Array Biosensors

2003 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Yang ◽  
Shalini Prasad ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Mihrimah Ozkan ◽  
Cengiz S. Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Fast Fourier Transformation ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Extracellular Potential ◽  
Membrane Excitability ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Chemical Agents

AbstractExtracellular potential is an important parameter which indicates the electrical activity of live cells. Membrane excitability in osteoblasts plays a key role in modulating the electrical activity in the presence of chemical agents. The complexity of cell signal makes interpretation of the cellular response to a chemical agent very difficult. By analyzing shifts in the signal power spectrum, it is possible to determine a frequency spectrum also known as Signature Pattern Vectors (SPV) specific to a chemical. It is also essential to characterize single cell sensitivity and response time for specific chemical agents for developing detect-to-warn biosensors. We used a 4x4 multiple Pt microelectrode array to spatially position single osteoblast cells, by using a gradient AC field. Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and Wavelet Transformation (WT) analyses were used to extract information pertaining to the frequency of firing from the extracellular potential.

Single Osteoblast Chemical Sensor via Non-invasive Bio-Electronic Interface

2003 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Yang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Bonnie Kohr ◽  
Andre Morgan ◽  
Cengiz S Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Fast Fourier Transformation ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Extracellular Potential ◽  
Membrane Excitability ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Signature Pattern

ABSTRACTThe broad-spectrum sensitivity of cell based biosensors offers the capability for detecting known and unknown chemical/biological agents. One cellular parameter that is often measured is the extracellular potential of electrically active cells. Membrane excitability in osteoblasts plays a key role in modulating the electrical activity in the presence of chemical agents. However, the complexity of this signal makes interpretation of the cellular response to a chemical agent difficult to interpret. By analyzing shifts in the signal's power spectrum, it is possible to determine a frequency spectrum also known as Signature Pattern Vectors (SPV) specific to a chemical. We used a 5x5 multiple microelectrode array system to spatially position osteoblast cells, by using a gradient AC field. Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) analyses were used to extract information pertaining to the frequency of firing from the extracellular potential.

Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-936
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
New Information ◽  
Oral Analgesia

Since the first publication of this statement, much new information has been published concerning the transfer of drugs and chemicals into human milk. This information, in addition to other research published before 1983, makes a revision of the previous statement necessary. In this revision, lists of the pharmacologic or chemical agents transferred into human milk and their possible effects on the infant or on lactation, if known, are provided (Tables 1 to 7). The fact that a pharmacologic or chemical agent does not appear in the Tables is not meant to imply that it is not transferred into human milk or that it does not have an effect on the infant but indicates that there are no reports in the literature. These tables should assist the physician in counseling a nursing mother regarding breast-feeding when the mother has a condition for which a drug is medically indicated. The following questions should be considered when prescribing drug therapy to lactating women. (1) Is the drug therapy really necessary? Consultation between the pediatrician and the mother's physician can be most useful. (2) Use the safest drug; for example, acetaminophen rather than aspirin for oral analgesia. (3) If there is a possibility that a drug may present a risk to the infant (eg, phenytoin, phenobarbital), consideration should be given to measurement of blood concentrations in the nursing infant. (4) Drug exposure to the nursing infant may be minimized by having the mother take the medication just after completing a breast-feeding and/or just before the infant has his or her lengthy sleep periods.

scholarly journals Leukocyte dynamics after intracerebral hemorrhage in a living patient reveal rapid adaptations to tissue milieu

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany A. Goods ◽  
Michael H. Askenase ◽  
Erica Markarian ◽  
Hannah E. Beatty ◽  
Riley Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with a high mortality rate and few treatment options. Discovery of therapeutic interventions has been slow given the challenges associated with studying acute injury, particularly over time, in the human brain. Inflammation induced by exposure of brain tissue to blood appears to be a major part of brain tissue injury. Here we longitudinally profiled blood and cerebral hematoma effluent from a patient enrolled in the Minimally Invasive Surgery with Thrombolysis in Intracerebral Haemorrhage Evacuation (MISTIEIII) trial, offering a rare window into the local and systemic immune responses to acute brain injury. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we characterized the local cellular response during ICH in the brain of a living patient at single-cell resolution for the first time. Our analysis revealed rapid shifts in the activation states of myeloid and T cells in the brain over time, suggesting that leukocyte responses are dynamically reshaped by the hematoma microenvironment. Interestingly, the patient had an asymptomatic re-bleed (second local exposure to blood) that our transcriptional data indicated occurred more than 30 hours prior to detection by CT scan. This case highlights the rapid immune dynamics in the brain after ICH and suggests that sensitive methods like scRNA-seq can inform our understanding of complex intracerebral events.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Uncovers Antifibrotic Subpopulations of Macrophages in the Cellular Response to Skin Xenografts

2020 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. S232
Author(s):  
Dominic Henn ◽  
Kellen Chen ◽  
Zeshaan Maan ◽  
Sylvia Illouz ◽  
Clark A. Bonham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing

Electric Field-Assisted Positioning of Neurons on Pt Microelectrode Arrays

2003 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Prasad ◽  
Mo Yang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Yingchun Ni ◽  
Vladimir Parpura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Neuron Patterning

AbstractCharacterization of electrical activity of individual neurons is the fundamental step in understanding the functioning of the nervous system. Single cell electrical activity at various stages of cell development is essential to accurately determine in in-vivo conditions the position of a cell based on the procured electrical activity. Understanding memory formation and development translates to changes in the electrical activity of individual neurons. Hence, there is an enormous need to develop novel ways for isolating and positioning individual neurons over single recording sites. To this end, we used a 3x3 multiple microelectrode array system to spatially arrange neurons by applying a gradient AC field. We characterized the electric field distribution inside our test platform by using two dimensiona l finite element modeling (FEM) and determined the location of neurons over the electrode array. Dielectrophoretic AC fields were utilized to separate the neurons from the glial cells and to position the neurons over the electrodes. The neurons were obtained from 0-2-day-old rat (Sprague-Dawley) pups. The technique of using electric fields to achieve single neuron patterning has implications in neural engineering, elucidating a new and simpler method to develop and study neuronal activity as compared to conventional microelectrode array techniques.

scholarly journals Unmasking cellular response of a bloom-forming alga to viral infection by resolving expression profiles at a single-cell level

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e1007708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilo Rosenwasser ◽  
Uri Sheyn ◽  
Miguel J. Frada ◽  
David Pilzer ◽  
Ron Rotkopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level

scholarly journals PB-06 Advanced microbeam irradiation system for single cell analysis of defensive cellular response against radiation

Microscopy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i48-i48
Author(s):  
Teruaki Konishi ◽  
Daisuke Ohsawa ◽  
Alisa Kobayashi ◽  
Masakazu Oikawa
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Microbeam Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation System

Study of Selectively Permeable Coatings to Textiles

2011 ◽  
Vol 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Sargent ◽  
Jun S. Lee ◽  
Emmanuelle Reynaud ◽  
Michael D. Gilbert ◽  
James M. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Coated Fabric ◽  
Coating Uniformity ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis

ABSTRACTBreathable barrier textiles for both chemical agent and moisture are being actively developed for military and industrial applications. An ideal approach is to coat textiles with a semi-permeable film that allows the transport of water while still serving as a barrier for chemical agents. Sulfonated poly (styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) (SIBS) copolymer spontaneously phase separates upon drying from solution to produce a nanostructured film with the controlled barrier functionality for water permeation and repelling of chemical agents.The objective of this research is to investigate coating uniformity and phase morphology of SIBS coating materials fabricated by novel solvent combinations. Scanning electron microscopy analysis is used for the assessment of the coating uniformity as well as the level of adhesion between the polymer coating and fabric substrate. Transmission electron microscopy is used to characterize the phase separation morphology of the SIBS copolymer coating. The mechanical behavior of the coated fabric is determined through tensile and shear tests and is compared to the bare fabric behavior. The goal of this study is to relate the processing conditions of the final nanostructured block copolymer coated fabric produced on industrial scale.

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