Interfaces Part I: Structure, Chemistry, Electronic Properties

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Wolf ◽  
Sidney Yip
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Semiconductor Interfaces ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Surface Modification Techniques ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
And Control

Some of the most important properties of materials in high-technology applications are strongly influenced or even controlled by the presence of solid interfaces. For example, interfaces are the critical element in fiber-reinforced structural ceramics with mechanical properties not even imagined a decade or two ago. The entire electronics industry is based on the fascinating electrical properties of semiconductor interfaces, with ceramic-semiconductor, metal-semiconductor and metal-ceramic interfaces playing critical roles as well. Other examples are surface modification techniques, designed to enhance the corrosion resistance of materials in hostile environments or tailored for tribological or catalytic applications. In contrast to their enormous technological importance, our basic understanding of even the simplest interfaces, such as free surfaces and grain boundaries, is rudimentary at best. It is increasingly recognized, however, that truly significant technological advances can be achieved by a better understanding and control of interfacial processes.To draw attention to the tremendous opportunites that lie ahead in this lively area of materials research, some recent promising developments in the atomic-level understanding of solid interfaces are highlighted in this issue and in the October issue of the MRS BULLETIN. The theme common to ail the articles in the September and October issues lies in the atomic-level insights that have been gained. While this issue of the BULLETIN focuses on structure, chemistry and some electronic properties of crystalline interfaces, the October issue will be devoted to their mechanical and high-temperature behavior.

The electronic properties and control of semiconductor interfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Woodall ◽  
P.D. Kirchner ◽  
J.L. Freeouf ◽  
A.C. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Semiconductor Interfaces ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Archives and identity in the context of social media and algorithmic analytics: Towards an understanding of iArchive and predictive retention

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3304-3322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Pötzsch
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archival Theory ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
And Control

This article reconceptualizes the archive in the context of digital media ecologies. Drawing upon archival theory and critical approaches to the political economy of the Internet, I account for new dynamics and implications afforded by digital archives. Operating at both a user-controlled explicit and a state- and corporate-owned implicit level, the digital archive at once facilitates empowerment and enables unprecedented forms of management and control. Connecting the politics and economy of digital media with issues of identity formation and curation on social networking sites, I coin the terms iArchive and predictive retention to highlight how recent technological advances both provide new means for self-expression, mobilization and resistance and afford an almost ubiquitous tracking, profiling and, indeed, moulding of emergent subjectivities.

scholarly journals A Distributed and Collaborative Intelligent System for Medical Diagnosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Naoufel Khayati ◽  
Wided Lejouad-Chaari
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Distributed Environment ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Complex

In this paper, we present a distributed collaborative system assisting physicians in diagnosis when processing medical images. This is a Web-based solution since the different participants and resources are on various sites. It is collaborative because these participants (physicians, radiologists, knowledgebasesdesigners, program developers for medical image processing, etc.) can work collaboratively to enhance the quality of programs and then the quality of the diagnosis results. It is intelligent since it is a knowledge-based system including, but not only, a knowledge base, an inference engine said supervision engine and ontologies. The current work deals with the osteoporosis detection in bone radiographies. We rely on program supervision techniques that aim to automatically plan and control complex software usage. Our main contribution is to allow physicians, who are not experts in computing, to benefit from technological advances made by experts in image processing, and then to efficiently use various osteoporosis detection programs in a distributed environment.

scholarly journals Assessment on awareness towards preventive measures of COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaye Belay Gelaw ◽  
Solomon Abebaw Andargie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it is the most important of public health problem worldwide. A critical element in tackling the COVID-19 crisis is personal behavioral change; however, there is a paucity of evidence about peoples’ awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the aim of this was to assess the community’s awareness status towards COVID-19 in Sheka, Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted 10th to 21th April 2020. Four hundred-nineteen individuals participated during the study. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant factors of awareness status, and variables with p-value<0.05 indicated it significantly influences the awareness status of the individuals towards COVID-19.Results: According to the study’s results, nearly half (49.4 %) of the participants had awareness about COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such being female equal (AOR: 0.476, 95%CI: 0.293, 0.772),education being secondary and above(AOR:2.178,95%CI:1.323,3.586),and prevention methods being fully used (AOR,8.127,95%CI: 1.273, 51.871)were significantly influencing the awareness status of the community towards COVID-19 pandemic than their counterparts.Conclusion: The study showed that there is a low awareness status among people towards COVID-19.Hence, programs to improve awareness towards COVID-19 pandemic is essential to prevent and control the pandemic.

scholarly journals Advances in Cardiac Pacing: Arrhythmia Prediction, Prevention and Control Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrie Harshad Patel ◽  
Shrikanth Sampath ◽  
Anoushka Kapoor ◽  
Devanshi Narendra Damani ◽  
Nikitha Chellapuram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Cardiac Pacing ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
And Control

Cardiac arrhythmias constitute a tremendous burden on healthcare and are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. An alarming number of people have been reported to manifest sudden cardiac death as the first symptom of cardiac arrhythmias, accounting for about 20% of all deaths annually. Furthermore, patients prone to atrial tachyarrhythmias such as atrial flutter and fibrillation often have associated comorbidities including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, valvular cardiomyopathy and increased risk of stroke. Technological advances in electrical stimulation and sensing modalities have led to the proliferation of medical devices including pacemakers and implantable defibrillators, aiming to restore normal cardiac rhythm. However, given the complex spatiotemporal dynamics and non-linearity of the human heart, predicting the onset of arrhythmias and preventing the transition from steady state to unstable rhythms has been an extremely challenging task. Defibrillatory shocks still remain the primary clinical intervention for lethal ventricular arrhythmias, yet patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators often suffer from inappropriate shocks due to false positives and reduced quality of life. Here, we aim to present a comprehensive review of the current advances in cardiac arrhythmia prediction, prevention and control strategies. We provide an overview of traditional clinical arrhythmia management methods and describe promising potential pacing techniques for predicting the onset of abnormal rhythms and effectively suppressing cardiac arrhythmias. We also offer a clinical perspective on bridging the gap between basic and clinical science that would aid in the assimilation of promising anti-arrhythmic pacing strategies.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Operation and Control, Maintenance and Lifespan Management, Grid Planning and Design, and Metering in Smart Grids

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Hernández-Callejo
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Management Grid ◽  
And Control ◽  
Grid Planning

New technological advances based on software, hardware and new materials must be implemented in smart grids. In addition, these advanced electrical grids must incorporate elements of artificial intelligence. Advances in software development must be complemented with the development of new hardware (power electronics and active distribution among others). The aforementioned must rely on the development of new materials and sensors, which should be integrated into the smart grid. Therefore, the four areas of research based on the technologies are: Operation and Control, Maintenance and Lifespan Management, Grid Planning and Design, and Metering. The review presents the algorithms, materials, devices and others paradigms applied to smart grids, classifying the works according to the four areas of research. This review has focused on the four fundamental pillars of smart grids, on the one hand, the need for more efficient operation and control, followed by advanced maintenance management, to continue planning and designing the new grids, and for conclude with the advanced measurement. As you will see in the article, new devices, new techniques, and future scenarios will make possible the transition from the current grid to the future smart grid.

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