The Basis and Needs for Intelligent Materials Processing

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diran Apelian
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Intelligent Materials ◽  
Processing Variables ◽  
On Line ◽  
Definition Of

The main concept of intelligent materials processing systems is to have online control during processing. Successful implementation of on-line control of materials processing from the total manufacturing point of view involves full integration of design, procurement, control of incoming components, manufacture, assembly, handling, packaging, and distribution.There are three primary concerns if on-line control of materials processing is to be successful:1. Definitive understanding of the process. Process models need to be developed which will bring forth an understanding of the processing variables.2. Sensors that can interrogate the processes in a manner that allows for process control. Sensing is needed throughout the processing steps so that one can determine and measure various indices and the significant parameters … as borne out by physical and mathematical modeling.3. Armed with the above, process controls are established to compare the on-line feedback obtained from sensors with the process models. When deviations are observed, measures are taken to change the processing variables so that the operation will yield a “quality” product. Intrinsic to process control is a clear definition of the properties required at the end of individual steps and the relation of the intermediate properties to those specified for the material when the total processing is completed. In fact, only in the light of a definition of the properties and the processes is it possible to define the parameters that can be monitored for on-line control.

eHealth in cardiac rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Ines Frederix ◽  
Paul Dendale
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
Definition Of

TeleCR is an innovative and (cost-)effective preventive care delivery strategy that can overcome the challenges associated with traditional centre-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This chapter describes how it can be implemented in daily practice. From an organizational point of view, it implies a shift in traditional and operational workflows and reorganization of the (non-)human resources for care delivery. The establishment of a well-coordinated tele-team, the definition of clear goals, profound progress monitoring and follow-up, and the creation of an environment that promotes sustained delivery of teleCR are paramount. Tackling the current legal and technological challenges is another prerequisite for successful implementation.

scholarly journals Bottlenecks in serial production lines: A system-theoretic approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-T. Kuo ◽  
J.-T. Lim ◽  
S. M. Meerkov
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Serial Production ◽  
Bottleneck Identification ◽  
On Line ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Serial Production Lines

In this work, a new definition of production systems bottlenecks is formulated and analyzed. Specifically, a machine is defined as the bottleneck if the sensitivity of the system's performance index to this machine's production rate in isolation is the largest. Although appealing from the systems point of view, this definition suffers a deficiency due to the fact that the sensitivities involved cannot be either measured on-line or efficiently calculated off-line. To avoid this, the paper develops a method based on indirect but real-time data. From this point of view, the main result of the work is as follows: The bottleneck machine in a serial production line can be identified by analyzing relationships between the so-called manufacturing blockage and manufacturing starvation of each machine. This leads to a simple rule for bottleneck identification. The rule requires neither the calculation of the production rate sensitivities nor the production rate itself. When the probabilities of manufacturing blockages and starvations are not available from on-line measurements, the paper presents their analytical estimates which, under certain conditions, can be used for bottleneck identification. Finally, a case study at an automotive component plant is described.

scholarly journals Design of a corpus of stimuli for a psycholinguistic study of lexical ambiguity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Natalia López-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Ambiguity ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Subjective Information ◽  
Subjective Interpretation ◽  
Ambiguous Words ◽  
On Line ◽  
Definition Of

Lexical ambiguity takes place when a word has more than one meaning. This phenomenon could therefore lead to multiple difficulties in the processing of information; however, speakers deal almost effortlessly with ambiguous units on a daily basis. In order to understand how ambiguous items are processed by speakers, a clear synchronic definition of homonymy and polysemy is needed. In this paper a methodology to gather subjective information about ambiguous words and the relation within their meanings is proposed. Based on this methodology, a corpus of Spanish stimuli is being developed: this corpus consists of words classified as monosemic, homonymous and polysemous via the subjective interpretation of Spanish speakers. This corpus could be used to conduct experimental tasks to determine the behaviour in on-line processing of items with more than one meaning, in order to later design appropriate methods of approaching this complex phenomenon from the point of view of Psycholinguistics.

scholarly journals O Gênero Oral Entrevista Radiofônica em Situações de Ensino e Aprendizagem: Práticas de Avaliação

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Celia Helena de Pelegrini Della Méa ◽  
Clides Aliande Loreto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Written Text ◽  
On Line ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reference Knowledge

Considerando a pertinência de práticas orais no ambiente escolar e entendendo que o oral é um saber de referência que necessita legitimidade, elabora-se esta pesquisa que se define como uma tentativa de conferir ao oral um procedimento de avaliação da aprendizagem comparável à do texto escrito. Com esta proposição se elege o gênero entrevista radiofônica que, como um objeto de ensino e aprendizagem, consiste em “fazer falar”, ou seja, um entrevistador (aluno) busca informações sobre um problema ou questão em um entrevistado (expert) e isso, na concepção de Dolz e Schnewuly (2004), servirá para comunicar/informar a terceiros. Seguindo essa noção se busca estabelecer e entender critérios para avaliação de atividades com esse gênero oral em ambientes de ensino. Para isso, aplicou-se um formulário on-line a vinte alunos do Ensino Fundamental II, da Escola de Ensino Fundamental João XXIII – São Sepé/RS, com 12 critérios previamente estabelecidos, no intuito de entender o ponto de vista de alunos sobre esse gênero. Como resultados se teve a definição de quatro possíveis critérios apontados como muito relevantes pelos participantes, a saber: 1) Observância de papéis sociais de cada participante; 2) Planejamento prévio da interação comunicativa; 3) Capacidade de incitar/promover a fala do outro; 4) Respeito às trocas de turno. Palavras-chave: Oralidade. Ensino. Avaliação. AbstractConsidering the pertinence of oral practices at the school environment, and understanding that the oral one is a reference knowledge which needs legitimacy,  this research was elaborated, that defines itself as an attempt to confer to the oral practice an evaluation procedure of the learning comparable to that of the written text. With this proposition, it was chosen the radiophonic interview genre which, as a teaching and learning object, consists of “talking”, that is, an interviewer (student) will seek information on an issue or question from an interviewee (expert) and this, in Schnewuly and Dolz’s (2004) conception, will serve to communicate/inform third parties. Following this notion, it was sought  to establish and understand criteria for the evaluation of activities with this oral genre in teaching environments. For this purpose, an online form was applied to twenty students from the Elementary School II-  João XXIII Elementary School - São Sepé/RS, with twelve previously established criteria, in order to understand the students’ point of view about this genre. As results, there was the definition of four criteria pointed out as very relevant by the participants: 1) Observance of the social roles of each participant; 2) Prior planning of the communicative interaction; 3) Ability to encourage/promote the speech of the other; 4) Respect for shift alternation. Keywords: Orality. Teaching. Evaluation.

An environmental process control laboratory: at the interface between instrumentation and model development

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
M. B. Beck ◽  
J. B. Watts ◽  
S. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Control Laboratory ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
On Line ◽  
Environmental Process ◽  
General Studies

Success in the development and application of a model requires, as a rule, high-quality field data. In general, studies in controlling the dynamics of wastewater treatment processes have been poorly served in their access to such data. The Environmental Process Control Laboratory has been developed in order to rectify this limitation. The Laboratory is a mobile facility housing instrumentation for on-line respirometry and sensors for real-time monitoring of sludge blanket level and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, ammonium-N, nitrite-N, total oxidised nitrogen, total organic carbon and orthophosphate-P concentrations. The Laboratory has been designed for deployment in a variety of contexts, but principally in the study of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, protection of surface water quality, aquaculture, and groundwater contamination. Its purpose is to support the development of process models and, where appropriate, procedures of decision support and automatic control for these systems. Preliminary results from commissioning trials with the Laboratory at the Athens, Georgia, Water Pollution Control Facility Number 2 are reported. These expose some critical issues of signal pre-processing and the need to re-think a strategy for developing models in order to interpret the very large volumes of data generated by the Laboratory.

scholarly journals GOOD WISHING IN RUSSIA AND CHINA: LINGUISTIC POINT OF VIEW

2018 ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
A. V. Tikhonova ◽  
O. V. Chibisova
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Ethnic Representation ◽  
Greeting Cards ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Russian Linguistic

The subject of this study is the forms of realization of the concept of “good wishing” in Russia and China, which occupies an important place in the spiritual culture of society, as it regulates the relationships between people within the accepted social statuses and roles. Good wishing serves a contact-fixing (societal or phatic) function and is therefore widely present in various spheres of human communication. The appropriateness of the research is defined by the expansion and strengthening of international relations, as well as by the dominance of well-favored forms of communication in the business environment. The aim of the research is to identify universal and differentiating signs of good wishing in Chinese and Russian linguistic societies on the basis of real usage, that is, the definition of cultural-universal and national-specific features of texts expressing good will. The methodology of the study includes a semantic and communicative analysis, which allows defining lexico-semantic, stylistic and grammatical features of good wishes in Russian and Chinese languages. The study material included on-line greeting cards with various Russian and Chinese wishes. Awareness of the ethnic representation specifics of good wishing will contribute to the improvement of mutual understanding in Russian-Chinese communication.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Confidentiality of Statistical Records: A Threat-Monitoring Scheme for On Line Dialogue

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schlörer
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Monitoring Scheme ◽  
Access Controls ◽  
On Line ◽  
Bona Fide

From a statistical data bank containing only anonymous records, the records sometimes may be identified and then retrieved, as personal records, by on line dialogue. The risk mainly applies to statistical data sets representing populations, or samples with a high ratio n/N. On the other hand, access controls are unsatisfactory as a general means of protection for statistical data banks, which should be open to large user communities. A threat monitoring scheme is proposed, which will largely block the techniques for retrieval of complete records. If combined with additional measures (e.g., slight modifications of output), it may be expected to render, from a cost-benefit point of view, intrusion attempts by dialogue valueless, if not absolutely impossible. The bona fide user has to pay by some loss of information, but considerable flexibility in evaluation is retained. The proposal of controlled classification included in the scheme may also be useful for off line dialogue systems.

Dosimetry and optimization in digital radiography based on the contrast-detail resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.

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