Respons fisiologi pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga genotip jawawut terhadap cekaman kekeringan

Jawawut merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan lokal Indonesia yang belum banyak dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan genotip jawawut yang memberikan pengaruh paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil pada berbagai tingkat pemberian air di rumah plastik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan September 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama terdiri dari tiga macam genotip yaitu genotip 44, 46, dan 48. Anak petak terdiri dari tiga taraf kapasitas lapang yaitu 75%, 50% dan 25%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pemberian air 25% kapasitas lapang berpengaruh paling buruk terhadap proses fisiologis pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga genotip jawawut. Genotip 44 dan 46, pada pemberian air 50 % KL menghasilkan konduktan stomata terbaik. Genotip 46 dan 48 memberikan pengaruh paling baik terhadap proses fisiologis pertumbuhan dan hasil jawawut yaitu jumlah anakan per rumpun.ABSTRACTMillet is one of Indonesia's local food crops that has not been widely developed as food sources. The purpose of this study was to obtain the genotypes of millet which gave the best effect on the growth and yield at various levels of water supply in the plastic house. The study was conducted from June to September 2017 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The research used the Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot factor consisted of three levels of treatment; genotypes 44, 46, and 48. The subplot factor consisted of three stages of different treatment of the field capacity; 75%, 50% and 25%. The results showed the treatment of 25% water to field capacity had the worst effect on the physiological process of growth and yield of three millet genotypes. Genotypes 44 and 46, at 50% field capacity, produced the best stomatal conductance. Genotype 46 and 48 showed the best response to the physiological processes for the number of tillers.

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Pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap hasil dan sensitivitas tiga genotip jawawut

Kultivasi ◽

10.24198/kultivasi.v18i3.19636 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sheli Mustikasari Dewi ◽

Yuyun Yuwariah ◽

Warid Ali Qosim ◽

Dedi Ruswandi

Keyword(s):

Field Capacity ◽

Food Sources ◽

Yield Response ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Lower Yield ◽

Dry Land ◽

Split Plot ◽

Water Field ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

Jawawut merupakan salah satu tanaman serealia lokal Indonesia yang dapat dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan genotip jawawut yang memberikan hasil paling baik dan sensitivitas paling rendah pada berbagai tingkat pemberian air di rumah plastik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan bulan September 2017 di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian UNPAD. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama terdiri dari tiga macam genotip, yaitu genotip 44, 46, dan 48. Anak petak terdiri dari tiga taraf kadar air tanah, yaitu 75%, 50%, dan 25% dari kapasitas lapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan genotip 46 dan 48 menghasilkan bobot biji per rumpun lebih banyak dibandingkan genotip 44, masing-masing sebesar 32, 50 g-1 dan 32,57 g-1 vs 25,81 g-1, namun genotip 48 merupakan genotip dengan kriteria peka (P), yang memiliki indeks sensitivitas 1,25. Genotip 44 dan 46 termasuk keriteria medium toleran (MT), dengan indeks sensitivitas masing-masing sebesar 0,87 dan 0,85. Sekalipun hasilnya paling rendah namun genotip 44 memiliki potensi adaptif untuk dikembangkan di lahan kering dengan kemampuan menghasilkan prolin yang lebih banyak dibandingkan genotip 46 dan 48 pada tiga level pemberian air yang berbeda dengan kurva respons hasil yang masih linier bila dikaitkan antara prolin, hasil, dan indeks sensitivitas.Kata kunci : genotip jawawut, kadar air tanah, hasil, sensitivitas ABSTRACTMillet is one of Indonesian local food crops that can develope as food sources. The purpose of this study was to obtain the genotypes of millet which gave the best effect on the yield and lower sensitive at various levels of water supply in the plastic house. The study was conducted from June to September 2017 at the Experimental Station of The Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia. The research used Split Plot Design with three levels of main plot: genotypes 44, 46, and 48. Subplot consisted of three levels of water field capacity: 75%, 50% and 25%. The results showed that the genotype 46 and 48 had the higher seed weight than genotype 44 (32,50 g-1 and 32,57 g-1 vs 25,81 g-1), but the genotype 48 had sensitive(S) with sensitivity index 1,25. Genotype 44 and 46 had medium toleran (MT) with sensitivity index 0,87 and 0,85. Even had the lower yield, genotype 44 had adaptive potential to developed in the dry land, with proline production more than other genotypes at the three levels of different available water capacity, and yield response curve was still linier when linked between proline, yield and sensitivity index.Key words: millet genotype, soil water content, sensitivity

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Growth Response and Yield of Three Shallot Varieties on The Various Mixed of UREA + ZA in Ultisol Soil

TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL ◽

10.20527/twj.v7i2.95 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

Lily Marlina ◽

Joko Purnomo ◽

Hilda Susanti

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Growth Response ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Four Levels ◽

Plot Design

This study aimed to: (1) identify the interaction effect between varieties and mixed doses of urea + ZA on the growth and yield of shallots in Ultisol soil; (2) to identify the effect of each shallot varieties and the dosage mixture of urea + ZA which produce the highest yield in Ultisol soils. The research was conducted from April to June 2019 in Tungkaran Village, Martapura, with a split plot design. The main plot was shallot varieties (V) with three levels, namely Biru Lancor (v1), Bima Brebes (v2), and Super Philip (v3). Subplots were a mixture of urea + ZA (P) with four levels, namely 0 kg urea + 600 kg ZA (p1), 100 kg urea + ZA 400 kg (p2), 200 kg urea + 200 kg ZA (p3), and 300 urea kg + ZA 0 kg (p4). Each experiment was repeated three times. Therefore, there were 36 experimental units. Observation parameters included plant height, number of leaves per clump, number of bulbs per clump, fresh bulbs' weight per clump, and yield of stored dry bulbs. The results showed that the Bima Brebes variety (v2) had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of bulbs per clump, the weight of fresh bulbs per clump, and yield of stored dry bulbs. The mixture of 200 kg urea + 200 g ZA (p3) significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers per clump, the weight of fresh tubers per clump, and yield of stored dry tubers.

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Effect of Row Spacing and Cultivar on the Growth and Seed Yield of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) in Kharif-II Season

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v11i1.15239 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MM Rahman ◽

MM Hossain

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Field Laboratory ◽

Split Plot ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Kharif-II season 2005 to investigate the effect of row spacing and cultivars on the growth and yield of soybean. Three soybean cultivars: (1) Bangladesh Soybean -4 (G- 2), (2) BARI soybean -5 (BS-5) and (3) Shohag (PB-1) and four row spacings, (1) 20 cm, (2) 30 cm, (3) 40 cm and (4) 50 cm were used in the experiment in a split-plot design with row spacing in the main plot and cultivars in the sub-plot. Seeds were sown on 26 July 2005 at specified rows maintaining 5 cm plant to plant distance. The highest seed yield was obtained from 20 cm spacing and yield decreased with increased spacing irrespective of cultivars. Among cultivars the highest yield was given by cultivar BS-5 which was followed by PB-1. It was concluded that the soybean cultivars BS-5 and PB-1 could be selected for sowing in Kharif-II season and should be planted at 20 cm apart rows for achieving higher yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15239 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(1) 33-38

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The Effects of Silica on Growth and Yield of Chrysanthemum Plants (Dendranthema Sp.) Cultivar Sheena and Snow White

Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) ◽

10.22146/ipas.46129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Sylvatera Ayu Puspitasari ◽

Didik Indradewa

Keyword(s):

Market Competition ◽

International Market ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stem Anatomy ◽

Vascular Tissues ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Snow White ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

Silica is one of beneficial nutrient in plants. Silica functions to strengthen epidermal wall and vascular tissues so that it can affect the stems that are getting bigger and stronger. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of silica fertilizers on growth and yield of chrysanthemum plants in Sheena and Snow White varieties that have different anatomies. The present study used Split Plot Design. The main plot was the concentration of silica with 4 levels, i.e. 0 mg/l/m2, 31.1 mg/l/m2, 62.2 mg/l/m2, and 93.3 mg/l/m2. The subplots were two varieties, Sheena and Snow White. The present study revealed that Si fertilizers with 62.2 mg/L concentration could accelerate harvest age and the stem hardness in Snow White aged 45 days. The Snow White which has bark stem anatomy was more responsive to silica fertilizers than the Sheena with the woody stem anatomy. This research provides benefits for researchers, farmers and policy stakeholders to increased yield and quality for local and international market competition.

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Growth and yield of shallots (Allium cepa var aggregatum L.) under different seed bulbs storage period

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130601043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 306 ◽

pp. 01043

Author(s):

Rismawita Sinaga ◽

Nurmalita Waluyo ◽

Astiti Rahayu ◽

Rini Rosliani

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Storage Period ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

West Java ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design ◽

Research Institute

The availability of qualified and sustainable seeds is one of the determinants of the success of shallot farming. One of the constraints factor in the supply of shallot seeds is the short storage period that is about 2-3 months. This study aims to determine the effect of varieties and seed storage period on growth and yield shallots. This research was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. The study was designed using split plot design with four replications. The main plot was seed storage period for four months, five months and six months after harvest and the subplot was varieties, consisting of seven varieties that have been released, namely Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Trisula, Pancasona and Mentes. The results showed that the yield of wet bulbs per hectare of five-months-storage period bulb seeds was significantly higher than six months storage period for the varieties of Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Pancasona and Mentes. Five-months-storage period of shallot bulb seeds can still be used as a source of seeds for the varieties of Bima Brebes, Katumi, Kuning, Pikatan, Pancasona and Mentes.

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Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai keriting (Capsicum annuum L.) CK5 akibat perlakuan pupuk npk dan pupuk hayati

Kultivasi ◽

10.24198/kultivasi.v17i2.17856 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Heru Waskito ◽

Anne Nuraini ◽

Neni Rostini

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Biological Fertilizer ◽

Plot Design

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai keriting CK5 terhadap dosis pupuk NPK dan pupuk hayati Percobaan dilaksanakan di Desa Sindanglaya, Kelurahan Cibereum, Kecamatan Sukamantri, Kabupaten Ciamis Provinsi Jawa Barat dari bulan Agustus 2017 sampai Januari 2018. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Split Plot dengan 4 ulangan. Yang menjadi main plot adalah dosis pupuk NPK yang terdiri dari dari 2 taraf yaitu 50% dan 100% NPK, dan sub plot adalah konsentrasi pupuk hayati yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu : 0%; 0,5%; dan 1%. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa: pengaruh interaksi dosis NPK dengan konsentrasi pupuk hayati hanya terjadi pada tinggi tanaman umur 28 HST, perlakuan yang terbaik adalah dosis NPK 100% dengan konsentrasi pupuk hayati 0,5%. Pupuk NPK dan konsentrasi pupuk hayati secara mandiri berpengaruh terhadap jumlah dan bobot buah. Dosis NPK yang terbaik dalam menghasilkan jumlah dan bobot buah adalah 100% NPK, dan konsentrasi pupuk hayati yang terbaik adalah 0,5%.Kata Kunci: cabai CK 5, pupuk hayati, pupuk NPK, pertumbuhan, hasil ABSTRACT This study aims to find out response of growth and yield of curly red chili plant cv. CK5 as a result of NPK and organic fertilizer . The experiment was conducted in Sindanglaya Village, District Sukamantri, Ciamis Regency West Java Province, from August 2017 until January 2018. The experiment design used was Split Plot Design with 4 replications. The main plot was the dosage of NPK fertilizer consisting of two levels : 50% and 100% NPK, and the sub plot was concentration organic fertilizer consisting of three levels : 0%; 0.5%; and 1%. The results showed that : the effect of NPK dosage interaction with concentration of biological fertilizer occurs only at plant height of 28 day after planting, the best treatment was 100% NPK dosage with 0.5% biofertilizer concentration. NPK fertilizer and concentration of biological fertilizers independently affected the amount and weight of fruit. The best dosage of NPK in producing the amount and weight of fruit was 100% NPK, and the best concentration of biofertilizer was 0,5%.Keywords: Biofertilizer, curly pepper CK5, growth, NPK fertilizer, yield

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EFEK SISA ASAM HUMAT DARI KOMPOS JERAMI PADI DAN PENGELOLAAN AIR DALAM MENGURANGI KERACUNAN BESI (FE) TANAH SAWAH BUKAAN BARU TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI

Jurnal Solum ◽

10.25077/js.6.1.1-13.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ruhaimah Ruhaimah ◽

Asmar Asmar ◽

Mimien Harianti

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Fe Toxicity ◽

Better Than ◽

Plot Design

Fe toxicity on recent ricefield has been common problem in ricefield management to increase rice productivity. Adding organic matter like humic acid from any source (such as hay residue compost) and water management (intermitten flooding and continue flooding) can reduce Fe toxicity and it will be able to increase rice yield in one plant season. But how about in second plant season, this research will found effect of adding humic acid from hay compost residue and water management. The objective of this research was to study the interaction of hay compost humic acid residue effect and water management on Fe abundant and nutrient uptake and rice yield in recent ricefield. This research has done by split-split plot design 2 x 4. The main plot which was treatment of water management were permanent flooding and intermitten (P1 and P2). And the split plot which was humic acid treatments were Ao = 0 ppm (0 Kg humic acid /Acre), A1= 200 ppm (400 Kg humic acid/A), A2= 400 ppm (800 Kg humic acid/A), A3 = 600 ppm (1200 Kg humic acid /A). Data analysed by statistical methode, if the treatments were significant to be continued by Duncan 05 % analysis. The result has obtained of this research which was Eh value of soil in flooding and intermitten was decrease in every week because treatment of humic acid in first season. The content of Fe2+ in soil was increase in every week until the 8th week. Value of soil pH until 8th week flooding was increase, and caused P available and P potencial were increase too. Plant growth and yield of rice in second season not better than first season, and for intermitten flooding caused better plant growth and yield of rice. Keyword : Fe Toxicity, Humic Acid, water management, Recent Ricefield

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ABU BOILER TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) DI LAHAN GAMBUT

DINAMIKA PERTANIAN ◽

10.25299/dp.2017.vol33(1).3814 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Yeni Hartati ◽

Nelvia Nelvia

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tuber Weight ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Plot Design ◽

Boiler Ash

The aim of research to study the effect of Boiler ash origin palm oil mills (PKS) and the pulp on growth and yield of onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) on peatland. Research conducted at the experimental farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, Rimbo Panjang village, Kampar District, Riau Province from August to November 2015. The study using the split-plot design (Split Plot Design), as the main plot, Boiler ash consists of two levels (plant origin MCC and pulp), and the subplot is boiler ash doses (0, 3, 6, and 9 tons/ha). Parameters measured were plant height, tuber number, the weight of tuber per hill, and tuber yield per m2. The results showed that plant height increased markedly in the application of 3 tons/ha ash from two sources, the number of tubers per clump sample increased markedly on the application of 6 tons/ha ash from PKS, as well as tuber weight per hill and tuber yield per m2 tends to increase with the application 3-9 tonnes/ha, the increase is greater with higher doses of ash from both sources.

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Pengaruh Umur Batang Bawah Terhadap Persentase Keberhasilan Okulasi Hijau pada Tiga Klon Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Agr.)

Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar ◽

10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p95-100 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Nana Heryana ◽

Saefudin Saefudin ◽

Iing Sobari

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Plot Size ◽

Split Plot ◽

Long Time ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design ◽

Research Institute

Perbanyakan karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Agr.) dengan okulasi cokelat membutuhkan waktu yang lama dalam pembibitannya, sedangkan perbanyakan dengan okulasi hijau belum banyak dilakukan karena tingkat keberhasilan masih sangat rendah. Salah satu faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan okulasi hijau adalah umur bibit batang bawah. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan umur batang bawah terhadap persentase keberhasilan okulasi hijau pada tiga klon karet. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan (KP.) Pakuwon, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar pada bulan Januari-Desember 2013. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi, tiga ulangan dan ukuran petak 25 pohon. Petak utama adalah jenis klon batang bawah, terdiri dari 3 klon, yaitu K1 = AVROS 2037, K2 = PB 260, dan K3 = GT 1. Anak petak adalah umur batang bawah terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu U1 = 4 bulan, U2 = 5 bulan, U3 = 6 bulan, U4 = 7 bulan. Okulasi dilakukan dengan cara membuka kulit batang bawah, kemudian entres dimasukkan ke dalam jendela sayatan hasil pembukaan. Pengikatan sambungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan plastik khusus dengan cara dililitkan dari bawah ke atas. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase keberhasilan okulasi hijau pada umur tiga minggu setelah okulasi (MSO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan okulasi hijau pada tanaman karet dipengaruhi oleh umur batang bawah. Untuk Klon PB 260 dan GT 1, makin tua umur batang bawah sampai maksimum 7 bulan di polybag maka semakin meningkat persentase keberhasilan okulasi, sedangkan pada klon AVROS 2037 belum memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata.Kata kunci: Hevea brasiliensis, umur batang bawah, klon, keberhasilan okulasi hijauPropagation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Agr.) using brown budding need a long time in the nursery, whereas the propagation usinggreen Budding has not yet been done due to the success rate is still very low. One of the factorthat might influence the successfulness of green budding is rootstock age.. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different age of rootstock on the percentage of green budding success in three rubber clones. The experiment was conducted at the Pakuwon experimental station (ES), Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, from January-December 2013. The research was done using split plot design with three replications, and the plot size is 25 trees. The main plot was the type of clones used for rootstock that comprised of 3 clones: K1 = AVROS 2037, K2 = PB 260, and K3 = GT 1. Meanwhile, the subplots were rootstock age consists of 4 levels, namely: U1 = 4 months, U2 = 5 months, U3 = 6 months, U4 = 7 months. Observations were made on the percentage of green budding success at 3 weeks old after grafting . The results showed that the success of the green budding on the rubber plants is influenced by the age of rootstock. The use of rootstock up to 7 months old in polybag in PB 260 dan GT 1 clones would increase the percentage of grafting success, whereas AVROS 2037 clone did not show any significant different.

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Pengaruh Penyimpanan dan Pengemasan Batang Entres terhadap Keberhasilan Okulasi Hijau Tanaman Karet

Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar ◽

10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2016.p95-102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Saefudin Saefudin ◽

Edi Wardiana

Keyword(s):

Transport Process ◽

Storage Period ◽

Long Distance ◽

Packaging Technology ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Bud Growth ◽

Plot Design

The long distance between scion and production garden requires storage and transport processes for the scion that are needed in rubber green budding. Therefore, information about the rubber scion storage and packaging technology need to be known. This study was aimed to determine the effect of storage period and packaging types of scion on the success and growth of rubber green budding. The study was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi, from February until May 2015. The split plot design with three replications was used in this study. The main plot factor was three levels of scion storage periods, i.e. 3, 4, and 5 days after harvesting the scion. The subplot factor was the 4 techniques of scion packaging: (1) the wood box with five layers of moistened newsprint paper, (2) the wood box with moistened sawdust, (3) the wood box with five layers of moistened newsprint paper and scion wrapped in plastic bags, and (4) the wood box with moistened sawdust and scion wrapped in plastic bags. The variables measured were the success level and bud growth of rubber green budding. The results showed that the success level and growth of rubber green budding from scion stored for 4 days are not significantly different compared to those that stored for 3 days. Meanwhile, the best technique of scion packaging is the woodbox with five layers of moistened newsprint or moistened sawdust medium and the scion wrapped in plastic bags.

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