scholarly journals Rola lidera społecznego w tworzeniu lepszej jakości życia

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-221
Author(s):  
Zofia Chyra-Rolicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Many

This paper presents the role of co-operative leaders in creating a better life in the communal scope. Pioneers and activists from succeeding generations established many forms of common co-operative activities in the 19th and 20th centuries in different areas of the Polish lands. The main goals were to consider the groups of people living in poverty among the peasants, craftsmen and merchants, and to combine them in common economic activities, including social and cultural work toward national spirit. There were still co-operative leaders operating during the inter-war period, during the Nazi occupation, after the Second World War and the times of transition after 1989/1990. Their activities are shown in the historical perspective, against social and local backgrounds, the methods of the co-operative movement, careers, personal attributes and achievements. The characteristics of these co-operative leaders from past and contemporary times can be useful in understanding actual challenges for co-operative leaders in a local scope. The paper is based on historical analysis of biographical and historical literature, scientific workshops and contemporary co-operative journalism. The system of co-operative education in towns and the countryside were destroyed during the transition period. The many occasional courses and training sessions, organized by co-operative auditory unions for their employees, cannot excise this gap. The education of contemporary managers is oriented toward free market rivalry, corporations and the race for enlarging surpluses, eliminating social responsibility for business organization and collaboration in the needs of local societies. Examples of co-operative leaders can be useful in the creation of activists for the social economy. Modern co-operative leaders should combine a charismatic personality with extensive knowledge and an annalistic mind. They are the hope for the revitalization of the co-operative movement.

Social and Solidarity Economy in Uruguay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabel Rieiro
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
World Social Forum ◽  
Democratic Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis

The social and solidarity economy is a widely used concept to indicate economic logics based on solidarity and the centrality of sustainability in life, differentiating them from the hegemonic economy unilaterally based on rational individualism, the maximization of profits, and the free market. It involves dynamic and specific sociohistoric constructions. In Uruguay, cooperative organizations, which have been in existence for more than a century, are traditionally identified with these types of practices. Cooperativism developed in dialogue with the distinct stages of Uruguayan history and over the last fifteen years, these experiences have tripled, based on the strengthening of public policies for the promotion and support of the sector. Institutional consolidation and the long trajectory of distinct sectors of cooperativism, mutualism, and rural development societies tend to be identified with the social economy. On the other hand, around the dawn of the new century, there emerged a diversity of forms of organization and networks which emphasized the need for social transformation, appealing to practices based on solidarity and reciprocity, both between people and between them and the environment. In general, these are decentralized structures which, in a regional context marked by the socioeconomic crisis and the slogan of the World Social Forum of “another world is possible,” organize economic activities according to the principles of democratic management, cooperation, autonomy, and transformation.

White Writers, Race Matters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Jay
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
White Writers ◽  
American Literary History ◽  
Taking Action

White liberal race fiction has been an enduringly popular genre in American literary history. It includes widely read and taught works such as Huckleberry Finn and To Kill a Mockingbird along with period bestsellers now sometimes forgotten. Hollywood regularly adapted them into blockbusters, reinforcing their cultural influence. These novels and films protest slavery, confront stereotypes, dramatize social and legal injustices, engage the political controversies of their time, and try to move readers emotionally toward taking action. The literary forms and arguments of these books derive from the cultural work they intend to do in educating the minds and hearts, and propelling the actions, of those who think they are white—indeed, in making the social construction of that whiteness readable and thus more susceptible of reform. The white writers of these fictions struggle with their own place in systems of oppression and privilege while asking their readers to do the same. The predominance of women among this tradition’s authors leads to exploring how their critiques of gender and race norms often reinforced each other. Each chapter provides a case study combining biography, historical analysis, close reading, and literary theory to map the significance of this genre and its ongoing relevance. This tradition remains vital because every generation must relearn the lessons of antiracism and formulate effective cultural narratives for passing on the intellectual and emotional tools useful in fighting injustice.

Social Economy – Opportunities and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pobeda Lukanova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Economy ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
National Priority ◽  
European Social Fund ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Fund

The social economy is part of the national economy that is subordinate to social goals and uses socially acceptable forms of organizing economic activities. The realization of its employment opportunities as well as products and services of social significance is a topical national priority. Here are presented the main features of this economy and its current situation in Bulgaria. The legal environment and the need for a framework law for it have been considered; opportunities for training of social entrepreneurs; insufficient use of the European Social Fund to finance its initiatives. The perspectives of the social economy are placed within the framework of the development of the digital economy and its element.

In Search of the Proper Scientific Approach: Hayek's Views on Biology, Methodology, and the Nature of Economics

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Beck
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Complex Phenomena

ArgumentFriedrich August von Hayek (1899–1992) is mainly known for his defense of free-market economics and liberalism. His views on science – more specifically on the methodological differences between the physical sciences on the one hand, and evolutionary biology and the social sciences on the other – are less well known. Yet in order to understand, and properly evaluate Hayek's political position, we must look at the theory of scientific method that underpins it. Hayek believed that a basic misunderstanding of the discipline of economics and the complex phenomena with which it deals produced misconceptions concerning its method and goals, which led in turn to the adoption of dangerous policies. The objective of this article is to trace the development of Hayek's views on the nature of economics as a scientific discipline and to examine his conclusions concerning the scope of economic prediction. In doing so, I will first show that Hayek's interest in the natural sciences (especially biology), as well as his interest in epistemology, were central to his thought, dating back to his formative years. I will then emphasize the important place of historical analysis in Hayek's reflections on methodology and examine the reasons for his strong criticism of positivism and socialism. Finally, in the third and fourth sections that constitute the bulk of this article, I will show how Hayek's understanding of the data and goal of the social sciences (which he distinguished from those of the physical sciences), culminated in an analogy that sought to establish economics and evolutionary biology as exemplary complex sciences. I will challenge Hayek's interpretation of this analogy through a comparison with Darwin's views inThe Origin of Species, and thus open a door to re-evaluating the theoretical foundations of Hayek's political claims.

scholarly journals To Find Own Path

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turar Koychuev
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Structure Transition ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Search And Selection ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

The report reviews the search and selection of ideology, concept and models of economic development in the post-Soviet space with account of historical peculiarities, demographic processes, natural resources, scales of country and its economy, new political and legal structure, transition to open and free market economy. It evaluates the current state, defines objectives of development and ways of their implementation for a full-fledged establishment of the social economy, taking a rightful place in the world economy, which is appropriate to its own possibilities and needs, knowledge-intensive and receptive to innovations and in-demand within the international geo-economical space. In the end, must be approved by the inter-state peaceful coexistence, political tolerance, social solidarity, mutually beneficial economic cooperation that ensures a prosperous development of societies and States that Man lived happily ever after.

The ‘Datasphere’, Data Flows beyond Control, and the Challenges for Law and Governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Sylvestre Bergé ◽  
Stéphane Grumbach ◽  
Vincenzo Zeno-Zencovich
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Many

The flows of people, goods and capital, which have considerably increased in recent history, are leading to crises (e.g., migrants, tax evasion, food safety) which reveal the failure to control them. Much less visible, and not yet included in economic measurements, data flows have increased exponentially in the last two decades, with the digitisation of social and economic activities. A new space – Datasphere – is emerging, mostly supported by digital platforms which provide essential services reaching half of the world’s population directly. Their control over data flows raises new challenges to governance, and increasingly conflicts with public administration. In this paper, we consider the need and the difficulty of regulating this emerging space and the different approaches followed on both sides of the Atlantic. We distinguish between three situations. We first consider data at rest, which is from the point of view of the location where data are physically stored. We then consider data in motion, and the issues related to their combination. Finally, we investigate data in action, that is data as vectors of command of legal or illegal activities over territories, with impacts on economy and society as well as security, and raise governance challenges. The notion of ‘Datasphere’ proposes a holistic comprehension of all the ‘information’ existing on earth, originating both in natural and socio-economic systems, which can be captured in digital form, flows through networks, and is stored, processed and transformed by machines. It differs from the ‘Cyberspace’, which is mostly concerned with the networks, the technical instruments (from software and protocols to cables and data centers) together with the social activities it allows, and to what extent they could/should be allowed. The paper suggests one – out of the many possible – approach to this new world. Clearly it would be impossible to delve in depth into all its facets, which are as many as those of the physical world. Rather, it attempts to present how traditional legal notions could be usefully managed to put order in a highly complex environment, avoiding a piecemeal approach that looks only at details.

scholarly journals Social economy advancement: from voluntary to secure organizational commitments to public benefit

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Haugh
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
The Social

Purpose This paper aims to explain the development of the social economy by analyzing when, why and how the community interest company (CIC) legal structure was established in the UK. The CIC legal structure was designed for social enterprise to ensure that company assets are committed to public benefit in perpetuity. Design/methodology/approach This research paper uses archival data and semistructured interviews to analyze the historical development of the social economy, emergence of social enterprise and the establishment of the CIC legal structure. Findings The historical analysis describes why and how the idea for the CIC emerged from practitioners and explains how collaboration between practitioners, lawyers, civil servants and politicians established the CIC as a new legal structure for social enterprise. Practical implications The analysis explains how practitioners influenced policy development and demonstrates how practitioner influence can be usefully incorporated into policy development. Social implications The CIC legal structure advanced the social economy by creating an institutionally recognized brand identity for social enterprise that locks assets to public benefit in perpetuity. Originality/value The paper presents a detailed empirical account of the establishment of a new legal structure for social enterprise and applies theoretical concepts to develop an integrated account of social economy advancement.

scholarly journals Institution reinforcement of mosque in social economic empowerment of small traders community

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Alfiana Yuli Efiyanti ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Saiful Amin
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Capital Access ◽  
Social Economic Development ◽  
Small Traders

Historically, mosque is the center for human civilization with various activities covering social, economy, and culture. However, its function have been shifted and specialized into a place of worship.  This paper aims to describe the contribution of the great mosque of Attaqwa Pancor in social economic empowerment, particularly small businesses in Pancor, East Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). The Data are collected through observation, interview, and document study. The result of the analysis shows that mosque involvement in the small-scale economic activities has brought them to be free from the difficulty of capital access and dependence. In the first stage, that is the period of 2019 to August 2020, through Mawar Emas program, total of 80 small-traders in Pancor village was helped to be free from debt problems. The great mosque of Attaqwa which is supported by Indonesia Sharia Economic Community (Masyarakat Ekonomi Syariah, MES) were successfully distributing the total amount of 80 million rupiahs for the small business purposes. The existence of the Attaqwa mosque proves and affirms that religious institutions can contribute to the social economic development. Considering the strategic position, this paper suggests the need for institutional reinforcement of mosque to restore its broad role in addition to religious issues.JEL Classification:  A13; O15; Z12

scholarly journals Social business as a development factor in the region with global overhead

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 04030
Author(s):  
Pavla Varvazovska ◽  
Olga Regnerova
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Social Business ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
The Social

The social economy is an integral part of the national economy and, as its third sector, carries out economic activities with a social and environmental objective. Social entrepreneurship can be seen as a business activity that thrives on society and the environment. This fact is very important for both local development and global dimension and impact. The main objective of the paper is to propose the possibility of social entrepreneurship as a factor for the development of the region with the aim of sustainable development while respecting the principles of regional and global politics. The results are interpreted on the basis of both quantitative and qualitative surveys and the information obtained will be used to suggest potential social entrepreneurship in the region’s development. The recommendations are formulated in favor of promoting the social enterprise sector, which has not only a regional impact, but also a global overlap.

Oral Histories of Education and the Relevance of Theory: Claiming New Spaces in a Post-Revisionist Era

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Eick
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Educational History ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many

Almost forty years since the publication of Cutler's landmark “Oral history—its nature and uses for educational history,” growing numbers of historians of education have adopted oral interviews as the basis for historical analysis. Furthermore, questions about the objectivity of oral sources in view of memory's fallibility have been more productively redirected toward exploring, in light of credibility standards borrowed from the social sciences and literary theory, the many hues of subjectivity of oral historical testimonies, and their implications for understanding same past events from multiple perspectives. As Portelli aptly states, “the first thing that makes oral history different, is that it tells us less about events than about their meaning” He boldly asserts that “what informants believe is indeed a historical fact “that is, the fact that they believe it”, as much as what really happened.” Oral historians not only reproblematized memory for historians by focusing attention on understanding the subjectivity of memory as a manifestation of historical consciousness, but they also brought to our attention how memories are gendered, racialized, and class based. They brought to our attention the importance of examining why different individuals and groups experience the same event in very different ways. Today, oral sources, particularly since the 1990s when historians began investigating the construction of identities, are compared less pejoratively with documentary sources by academic disciplinarians. And oral historians continue to break down “boundaries between the educational institution and the world, between the [history] profession and ordinary people.” However, they also continue to be faced with the challenge of articulating “the connection between individual and social historical consciousness.”

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