scholarly journals Zmiany zachowań konsumenckich w zakresie przeprowadzania transakcji gotówkowych i bezgotówkowych

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Anna Szczepańska-Przekota ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Seasonal Behavior ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Payment Cards ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Made In

Contemporary changes involving the computerization of everyday life affect its every sphere. This is especially true of the financial world. Until recently, the basic form of payments were of cash, whereas currently they constitute only a small part of all in trade. Even in everyday shopping, payment cards are already widely used, and traditional money is systematically being replaced by non-cash money. Taking these observations into account, the aim of the study was to identify the pace of changes in consumer attitudes in the use of selected services offered by the banking sector, i.e. the use of ATMs and the use of payment cards. The work was based on quarterly data for the period 2005 Q1 – 2020 Q1 provided by the National Bank of Poland. The analyses examined the rate of changes and their seasonal distribution. The analyzed data show that society uses fewer and fewer cash withdrawals from ATMs, although larger amounts are withdrawn. The fact that ATMs are used less frequently reduces their number. However, the non-cash payments market is constantly developing. This form is characterized by the highest growth dynamics. There are also changes in seasonal behavior. Today, more transactions are made in the second and third quarters. Quite unexpectedly, it was observed that the number of transactions in the fourth quarters was lower than the number of transactions in the second and third quarters. However, the fewest transactions are invariably carried out in the first quarters. Depending on the instrument, the differences amount to two to ten percentage points. In general, research shows that in a stable market, trust in non-cash money grows at the expense of cash. Only a crisis situation – in 2020 it was the declaration of a pandemic – there is a slightly increased interest in cash.

China’s shadow banking sector: beneficial or harmful to economic growth?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Barth ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Wen Shi ◽  
Pei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Shadow Banking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Made In

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine recent developments pertaining to China’s shadow banking sector. Shadow banking has the potential not only to be a beneficial contributor to continued economic growth, but also to contribute to systematic instability if not properly monitored and regulated. An assessment is made in this paper as to whether shadow banking is beneficial or harmful to China’s economic growth. Design/methodology/approach – The authors start with providing an overview of shadow banking from a global perspective, with information on its recent growth and importance in selected countries. The authors then focus directly on China’s shadow banking sector, with information on the various entities and activities that comprise the sector. Specifically, the authors examine the interconnections between shadow banking and regular banking in China and the growth in shadow banking to overall economic growth, the growth in the money supply and the growth in commercial bank assets. Findings – Despite the wide range in the estimates, the trend in the size of shadow banking in China has been upward over the examined period. There are significant interconnections between the shadow banking sector and the commercial banking sector. Low deposit rate and high reserve requirement ratios have been the major factors driving its growth. Shadow banking has been a contributor, along with money growth, to economic growth. Practical implications – The authors argue that shadow banking may prove useful by diversifying China’s financial sector and providing greater investments and savings opportunities to consumers and businesses throughout the country, if the risks of shadow banking are adequately monitored and controlled. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge, this paper is among the few to systematically evaluate the influence of shadow banking on China’s economic growth.

scholarly journals Editorial

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. v-vi
Author(s):  
Leena James
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Work Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Impact

The eleventh issue of Ushus brings to you a wide variety of scholarly articles encompassing socio-economic and managerial issues. The first paper "Information technology and banking sector with reference to customer satisfaction" focuses on the impact of automation of the public sector banks as per the reflections of the bank officials and the customers. The crest of the article lies in the fact that the customers are being able to keep abreast with the exchange of automation in the modern banking practices and the survey brings out their perception towards it and throws some light on the effective ways to deal with this crisis. The study concludes with the analytical results that public sector bank customers have a positive inclination towards technological upgradation but the banks need to be more flexible in their work process and focus on marketing themselves in order to entrap a larger customer base. The paper titled "Administration of micro-credit by national bank" talks about the successful micro-finance initiatives taken by NABARD how aptly they had been implemented and evolved as a sustainable social movement over a decade now.

scholarly journals Determinants of Polish financial stability in 2017-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Kinga Górska ◽  
Karolina Krzemińska
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial System ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Stability

This article seeks to present the essentials of financial stability and to analyse and evaluate selected determinants of stability Poland’s financial system in the years 2017–2018. The study comprises exemplary ratios or indicators that are used in measuring the stability of a financial system. The proposed analysis is confined to selected groups of stability ratios/indicators that are pertinent to the macroeconomic situation, the situation in financial markets, and the situation of the banking sector. The analysis is based upon the data and statistics provided in the reports of the National Bank of Poland, available by 31st November 2018.

scholarly journals The Development and Transformation of the Bank Card Market as an Imperative for Digitalization: the Case of Central and Eastern European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Olena Sobolieva-Tereshchenko ◽  
Olesya Moyseyenko ◽  
Valeriia Zharnikova
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Market Index ◽  
Ranking Systems ◽  
Payment Cards ◽  
International Ranking ◽  
Bank Card ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to determine the development trends of the major determinants of the bank card market in eight countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the period from 2010 to 2019. Continuing a study carried out in 2018, further comparative analysis of the “Bank Cards Market Index” proposed earlier and based on a system of interrelated indicators of bank payment cards, ATMs and POS‑terminals, was carried out. We provide an overview of the rankings of Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Russia, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia using international ranking systems such as “The Legatum Prosperity Index,” “Doing Business,” “The Index of Economic Freedom,” and the “Вank Cards Market Index.” Further studies of three international ranking systems, as well as the “Bank Cards Market Index,” again confirmed the similarity of the development models of the bank card market in Poland and Ukraine. To study the impact of the digitalization of economics and Covid–19 on the bank card market, a deeper analysis of two cases (Poland and Ukraine, as two similar bank card markets) was carried out using the “Digital Evolution Index.” In the course of the research, it was concluded that the “Вank Cards Market Index” can be successfully used for further research of the banking sector of different countries. Also, the growth trend of cashless payments in the bank card market and the possible transformation of the market under the influence of Covid–19, and the global digitalization of economics were noticed. Taking into account the above trend, further studies of the system of interrelated indicators of bank payment cards, ATMs, and POS terminals should be carried out using the “Digital Evolution Index” or other international indexes that characterize the level of digitalization of the economy in the researched countries.

scholarly journals DEFIBRILLATORS OF EXPECTED MINES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING SYSTEM OF UKRAINE: LESSONS OF THE CRISIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Bohdan LUTSIV
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Policy Paradigm ◽  
Loan Portfolios ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Government

Introduction. The effective functioning of the banking system determines the stability of the monetary market in the country. Stability and transparency of functioning and effective management are a guarantee of growth of deposits and attractiveness for investors. However, in recent years, the Ukrainian banking system is in a state of recession and does not fulfil the functions assigned to it. This led to the need for a so-called “purge” of the banking system and led to significant losses for both banks and for all the country’s economists. The instability that resulted from the crisis has caused even more distrust from people to banks. The main problems of the banking system of Ukraine in recent years is the curtailment of lending, a significant deterioration in the quality of loan portfolios, the reduction of its own capital and loss-making activity. Purpose. There is an analysis of the current post-crisis situation and expectations of changes in the development of the banking system of Ukraine in accordance with the new monetary policy paradigm. Results. The last economic crisis (2014–2015) is not generated by the banking system itself, but rather by economical quality. The policy of the Government and the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine. Ukrainian banks are heavy and burdened with a large share of unprofitable loans, and the banking system itself is highly concentrated but not sufficiently consolidated. At the beginning of the crisis, the state of the banking sector was characterized by fictitious capitalization of banks, the involvement of the business of its shareholders, the with drawal of regulator refinancing, huge volumes of “garbage” securities in bank portfolios, etc. The National Bank of Ukraine has resorted to a “purge” of the banking system, in which the subjectivity and opacity appeared. The whole burden of reimbursing the costs associated with the withdrawal from the market of bankrupt banks took upon itself the fund for guaranteeing deposits of individuals. The influence of state banks on the general state of banking sector reform and ways to improve corporate governance in state banks is shown. The so-called defibrillators of changes which are expected in the near future in development of the banking system of Ukraine are defined. Conclusions. At present, the banking system of Ukraine demonstrates the following key trends: the end of the “bankruptcy” period; the problem of improvement of loan portfolios and optimization of operations with the bonds of an internal state loan is acute; the need for a substantial reduction of state participation in the banking system.

scholarly journals Progress of Self Help Group-Bank Linkage Programme in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
N Muthu
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
North West ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Poor ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Self Help Group ◽  
Remarkable Progress

In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the progress of SHG-Bank linkage programme in India during the period between 2007-2008 and 2019-2020. The progress of SHG-Bank linkage programme has been analyzed in terms growth of savings of SHGs with banks and growth of bank loans disbursed to SHGs. For this purpose the data required for the study were collected from the official publication of National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD), different published reports, journals and existing available literature. This study employed simple statistical tools such as percentage analysis and averages to analyze the data. The result of the study shows that there is significant raise in the amount of savings of SHGs with banking sector and amount of loans disbursed to SHGs, During this study period. However the agency-wise analyses of savings of SHGs and loans disbursed to SHGs show that the Commercial banks lead in getting savings of SHGs and loans disbursed to them followed by Regional Rural Banks and Co-operative banks. Not with standing the remarkable progress, geographically there has been skewed development of SHG-Bank linkage programme in India. There is wide regional disparity in the spread of SHGs, savings of SHGs with banks and loans disbursed to SHGs under this programme. The outreach of this programme is spectacular in Southern region while North, West and Eastern regions are lagging behind. In view of the large outreach, predominant position and the possible benefits to the poor, it is very important to see the benefits of this programme to reach across all sections of the society and regions. So far the SHG movement is India is mostly South-Centric and it is yet to take off the real sense in other regions of India.

Carbon allocation strategies and water uptake in young grafted and own-rooted hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Portarena ◽  
O Gavrichkova ◽  
E Brugnoli ◽  
A Battistelli ◽  
S Proietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Seasonal Behavior ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Corylus Avellana L

Abstract In this study, grafted and own-rooted young hazelnut plants of three high-quality cultivars were cultivated in Central Italy to investigate possible differences in growth, fruit and flower production, and physiological processes encompassing water uptake, photosynthetic variables, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) allocation. Stable isotopes and photosynthetic measurements were used to study carbon and water fluxes in plants. For the first time an ecophysiological study was carried out to understand the seasonal growth dynamics of grafted plants in comparison with own-rooted plants. The own-rooted hazelnuts showed rapid aboveground development with large canopy volume, high amount of sprouts and earlier yield. The grafted plants showed greater belowground development with lower canopy volumes and lower yield. However, later, the higher growth rates of the canopy led these plants to achieve the same size as that of the own-rooted hazelnuts and to enter the fruit production phase. Different seasonal behavior in root water uptake and leaf photosynthetic-related variables were detected between the two types of plants. The grafted plants showed root development that allowed deeper water uptake than that of the own-rooted hazelnuts. Moreover, the grafted plants were characterized by a higher accumulation of carbohydrate reserves in their root tissues and by higher stomatal reactivity, determining a major plasticity in response to seasonal thermal variations.

Applying lessons learnt from deficiencies in the basel accords to Solvency II

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-328
Author(s):  
Johann Jacobs ◽  
Gary Van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Solvency Ii ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Basel Accords ◽  
Made In

Solvency II is the new European Union (EU) legislation that will review the capital adequacy regime for the insurance industry. Considerable progress has been made in the banking sector with the implementation of the Basel Accords (Basel). The implementation of Solvency II, therefore, brings with it an opportunity for the insurance industry to assess the successes, weaknesses and shortcomings experienced by the banking sector's implementation of Basel so as to learn from them and ensure that Solvency II's implementation duplicates the successes and avoids the failures of Basel's. This article critically explores weaknesses and failures of Basel which were exacerbated and/or exploited by the financial crisis of 2007-2010 and provides advice on how these might be mitigated or avoided in the implementation of Solvency II.

scholarly journals Capital buffers based on banks’ domestic systemic importance: selected issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Skorepa ◽  
Jakub Seidler
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Importance Assessment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assist the numerous regulators around the globe who are currently considering ways to impose domestic systemic importance-based capital requirements on banks. Design/methodology/approach – The article discusses in some detail a number of issues from the viewpoint of regulatory practice, mentioning relevant literature where available. Comments partly reflect the experience that the Czech National Bank gathered over the past two years while preparing its own regime of domestic systemic importance-based capital requirements on banks. Findings – The authors stress, among other points, one weakness of the (otherwise well-designed) method suggested by the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS) for assessment of banks’ systemic importance: the method is “relative” in that it does not reflect the absolute importance of the banking sector for the economy. The paper also explains that in some cases, use of individual-level rather than consolidated-level data may be preferable, in contrast to what the BCBS guidance suggests. Further, implications of the buffers over a longer term are pointed out. Originality/value – As far as the authors are aware, this article is the first to comprehensively discuss the main issues surrounding both key steps (systemic importance assessment and determination of buffer level) in the process of introducing buffers based on domestic systemic importance. A number of questions related to these two steps are raised which regulators may appreciate to be reminded of, even if some of the questions are such that it is not possible to give a generally applicable answer to them.

Challenges Faced in Full Establishment of Islamic Banking System in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Idris
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Investment Opportunity ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Banking And Finance ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Infant Stage ◽  
Made In

Islamic banking in Nigeria is still at its infant stage and surrounded by a lot of challenges and set bank. It is important to note that despite the huge number of Muslims population in the country, little progress has been made in ensuring its full take off and operationalization. The paper there examines the challenges Islamic banking is faced with in Nigeria. Through review of past studies, the paper the paper identify factors like; Problem of Competition with dominant conventional banks, Problem of Competition with dominant conventional banks, Double taxation and others as the major challenges of Islamic banking in Nigeria. However the paper, the paper recommends that Islamic banking and finance in Nigeria offers a huge investment opportunity for both domestic and foreign investors what is most needed to achieve this, is for all stakeholders to collaborate in a way that a structured, functional and sustainable Islamic banking model will be formulated and communicated widely so as to gain general acceptability. Furthermore, the paper will serve as a guide to investors by pointing the problems the Islamic banking sector is facing in Nigeria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document