Immunologic Improvement of Vaccine for Newcastle Disease via Co-Inoculation of Cattle Transfer Factor in Broilers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongrui Guo ◽  
Xinyang Li ◽  
Xiaodan Li ◽  
Xinyue Jiang ◽  
Weiming Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Background: Transfer factors (TFs), a novel immunostimulatory reagent, have found use as auxiliary or primary therapy for many diseases. The aim of this study was to explore whether TFs are able to strengthen immune responses of Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccines in broilers.Results: The serum antioxidant status was increased in TF-treatment broilers. TF subcutaneous injection could significantly increase (P < 0.5) the antibody titers at 14 and 21 days of the experiment. Moreover, TF treatment increased development of organs of the immune system, such as spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius through inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of proliferation. Cellular immune responses were found to have higher levels in the groups with TF co-inoculation compared to those groups only treated with the ND vaccine, showing phenomena of higher expressions of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius. Moreover, the immunostimulatory effect of TF subcutaneous injection treatment is better than oral and intramuscular injection.Conclusion: our findings suggest that TF treatment can improve antioxidant status and strengthen immune responses to ND vaccine, including antibody production and cellular immunity (lymphocytes proliferation and cytokines production) of the broilers, and the subcutaneous injection of TF is the appropriate inoculation way. Thus, TFs are a potent adjuvant and can serve as a medicine for immunoregulation.

scholarly journals Towards Improved Use of Vaccination in the Control of Infectious Bronchitis and Newcastle Disease in Poultry: Understanding the Immunological Mechanisms

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Ike ◽  
Chukwuebuka M. Ononugbo ◽  
Okechukwu J. Obi ◽  
Chisom J. Onu ◽  
Chinasa V. Olovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Cellular Immune

Infectious bronchitis (IB) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two important diseases of poultry and have remained a threat to the development of the poultry industry in many parts of the world. The immunology of avian has been well studied and numerous vaccines have been developed against the two viruses. Most of these vaccines are either inactivated vaccines or live attenuated vaccines. Inactivated vaccines induce weak cellular immune responses and require priming with live or other types of vaccines. Advanced technology has been used to produce several types of vaccines that can initiate prime immune responses. However, as a result of rapid genetic variations, the control of these two viral infections through vaccination has remained a challenge. Using various strategies such as combination of live attenuated and inactivated vaccines, development of IB/ND vaccines, use of DNA vaccines and transgenic plant vaccines, the problem is being surmounted. It is hoped that with increasing understanding of the immunological mechanisms in birds that are used in fighting these viruses, a more successful control of the diseases will be achieved. This will go a long way in contributing to global food security and the economic development of many developing countries, given the role of poultry in the attainment of these goals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Feline Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Loaded with Internally Inactivated Virus as a Vaccine against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Freer ◽  
Donatella Matteucci ◽  
Paola Mazzetti ◽  
Francesca Tarabella ◽  
Valentina Catalucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Antigen Presenting

ABSTRACT Dendritic cells are the only antigen-presenting cells that can present exogenous antigens to both helper and cytolytic T cells and prime Th1-type or Th2-type cellular immune responses. Given their unique immune functions, dendritic cells are considered attractive “live adjuvants” for vaccination and immunotherapy against cancer and infectious diseases. The present study was carried out to assess whether the reinjection of autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with an aldithriol-2-inactivated primary isolate of feline immune deficiency virus (FIV) was able to elicit protective immune responses against the homologous virus in naive cats. Vaccine efficacy was assessed by monitoring immune responses and, finally, by challenge with the homologous virus of vaccinated, mock-vaccinated, and healthy cats. The outcome of challenge was followed by measuring cellular and antibody responses and viral and proviral loads and quantitating FIV by isolation and a count of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in blood. Vaccinated animals exhibited clearly evident FIV-specific peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and antibody titers in response to immunization; however, they became infected with the challenge virus at rates comparable to those of control animals.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Phenotype of Cellular Immune Responses Elicited by Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors and Heterologous Prime-Boost Regimens in Rhesus Monkeys

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 4844-4852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyan Liu ◽  
Bonnie A. Ewald ◽  
Diana M. Lynch ◽  
Matthew Denholtz ◽  
Peter Abbink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Recombinant Adenovirus ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses

ABSTRACT Recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vaccine vectors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other pathogens have been shown to elicit antigen-specific cellular immune responses. Rare serotype rAd vectors have also been constructed to circumvent preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity and to facilitate the development of novel heterologous rAd prime-boost regimens. Here we show that rAd5, rAd26, and rAd48 vectors elicit qualitatively distinct phenotypes of cellular immune responses in rhesus monkeys and can be combined as potent heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens. While rAd5-Gag induced primarily gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ+) and IFN-γ+/tumor necrosis factor alpha+ (TNF-α+) T-lymphocyte responses, rAd26-Gag and rAd48-Gag induced higher proportions of interleukin-2+ (IL-2+) and polyfunctional IFN-γ+/TNF-α+/IL-2+ T-lymphocyte responses. Priming with the rare serotype rAd vectors proved remarkably effective for subsequent boosting with rAd5 vectors. These data demonstrate that the rare serotype rAd vectors elicited T-lymphocyte responses that were phenotypically distinct from those elicited by rAd5 vectors and suggest the functional relevance of polyfunctional CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses. Moreover, qualitative differences in cellular immune responses may prove critical in determining the overall potency of heterologous rAd prime-boost regimens.

scholarly journals Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 Boosting of BNT162b2 Vaccinated Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sabrina Tan ◽  
Ai-ris Y. Collier ◽  
Jinyan Liu ◽  
Jingyou Yu ◽  
Huahua Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have reported that a third dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) COVID-19 vaccine increased antibody titers and protective efficacy. Here we compare humoral and cellular immune responses in 65 individuals who were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine and were boosted after at least 6 months with either Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson; N=41) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer; N=24).

SpyCatcher-SpyTagged ApxIA Toxoid and the Immune-Modulating Yeast Ghost Shells

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1644-1657
Author(s):  
Seonhyung Lee ◽  
Beom-Ku Han ◽  
Yang-Hoon Kim ◽  
Ji-Young Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cellular Immune

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaesecretes the hemolytic cytotoxins ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII, and ApxIV, which cause pleurop- neumonia in swine. Of these, ApxI is the most toxic. ApxIA, a repeats-in-toxin toxin-like protein, has strong hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. This study aimed to develop an immune modulator ApxIA toxoid, with a Spytag/Spycatcher pair (SC::ST pair), in yeast ghost shells (YGSs). These YGSs were utilized as ApxIA toxoid delivery platforms for -glucan components that can be recognized by the innate immune system. The SC::ST pair was used to conjugate the ApxIA toxoid to YGSs. The YGS-SC::ST-ToxApxIA was successfully phagocytosed by RAW 264.7 macrophages cells, without any toxicity. Further investigation revealed that YGS-SC::ST-ToxApxIA led to defective immune responses, in addition to increased levels of cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10. A membrane proteomic analysis, to determine preferential major histocompatibility complex binding of ApxIA-derived peptides, was performed and four ApxIA peptides were successfully identified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The identified peptides may serve as poten- tial vaccine candidates in immunobiology studies of A. pleuropneumoniae. Our results indicate that YGS-SC::ST-ToxApxIA can prevent A. pleuropneumoniae pleuropneumonia (APP) by inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses.

scholarly journals Effect of mannanoligosaccharides and/or enzymes on antibody titers against infectious bursal and Newcastle disease viruses

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Oliveira ◽  
D.F. Figueiredo-Lima ◽  
D.E. Faria Filho ◽  
R.H. Marques ◽  
V.M.B. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Antibody Titers

The effect of including mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and/or enzymes in broiler diets on antibody titers against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was evaluated. A total of 750 broilers were distributed into a completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 + 1 with two levels of MOS (0 and 0.1% until 21 days and 0.05% from 22 to 42 days of age), two levels of enzymes (0 and 0.05%) and a positive control diet containing antibiotic, totaling five treatments with five replicates each. For antibody analyses, blood samples were weekly collected by jugular vein puncture in the same two birds per replicate. The first and last collections were done at 7 and 42 days of age, respectively. The inclusion of MOS resulted in increased antibody titers against IBDV in the fourth (P<0.03) and fifth (P<0.02) weeks, and against NDV in the third (P<0.01), fourth (P<0.03) and fifth (P<0.03) weeks of age. MOS was effective in stimulating the humoral immune responses against IBDV and NDV vaccine viruses.

scholarly journals Immunoregulatory effects of Imuno TF® (transfer factors) on Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cytokines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Rocha Oliveira ◽  
Rodolfo Paula Vieira ◽  
Anderson de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Any Elisa de Souza Schmidt Gonçalves ◽  
Hudson Polonini
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Th1 Cytokines ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

AbstractTransfer factors are known since 1955 due to their activities on the immune system. Although the reports on the effects on diverse immune mechanisms, their role on Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg responses was still not described. In this sense, the present work focused on the evaluation of such immune responses. For that, human lymphocytes, and mice thymic, splenic and Peyer’s cells were stimulated with Lipopolysaccharides and Concanavalin A, and then treated with isolated transfer factors (Imuno TF®). The culture medium was harvested and the quantification of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), Th17 cytokine (IL- 17), Treg cytokine (IL-35), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was performed, as well as the quantification of mRNA levels. Imuno TF® positively regulated Th1 cytokines, while decreased Th2 cytokines. It also increased levels of mRNA and secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, whereas it reduced levels of mRNA and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Finally, it reversed the hypersecretion of IL-17 and did not promote significant changes in IL-35 secretion. This highlights the role of Imuno TF® in the regulation of the immune responses.

scholarly journals Recombinant adenovirus expressing vesicular stomatitis virus G proteins induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice and goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Xue ◽  
Zhaorong Yu ◽  
Hongyan Jin ◽  
Lin Liang ◽  
Jiayang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
G Proteins ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Recombinant Adenovirus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Background Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is an acute, highly contagious and economically important zoonotic disease caused by the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). There is a need for effective and safe stable recombinant vaccine for the control of the disease. The human type 5 replication-defective adenovirus expression vector is a good way to construct recombinant vaccines. Results Three recombinant adenoviruses (rAd) were successfully constructed that expressed the VSV Indiana serotype glycoprotein (VSV-IN-G), VSV New Jersey serotype glycoprotein (VSV-NJ-G), and the G fusion protein (both serotypes of G [VSV-IN-G-NJ-G]) with potentiality to induce protective immunity. G proteins were successfully expressed with good immunogenicity. The rAds could induce the production of VSV antibodies in mice, and VSV neutralizing antibodies in goats, respectively. The neutralizing antibody titers could reach 1:32 in mice and 1:64 in goats. The rAds induced strong lymphocyte proliferation in mice and goats, which was significantly higher compared to the negative control groups. Conclusions The three rAds constructed in the study expressed VSV-G proteins and induced both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and goats. These results lay the foundation for further studies on the use of rAds in vaccines expressing VSV-G.

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