scholarly journals Optimization of titanium dioxide wetting in alkyd paint and varnish materials in the presence of surfactants

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6(112)) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Kirill Ostrovnoy ◽  
Antonina Dyuryagina ◽  
Alexandr Demyanenko ◽  
Vitaliy Tyukanko
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Alkyd Paint ◽  
Wetting Ability ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Adhesion Work

This paper reports the results of studying the influence of surfactants (SAS) on the wetting of titanium dioxide in alkyd paint and varnish materials (PVM), based on pentaphthalic (PPh) and alkyd-urethane (AU) film-forming substances. Edge wetting angle (θ°) and adhesion work (Wa) were used as the criteria for assessing the wettability of titanium dioxide. Three additives were used as SAS: the original product AS-1, obtained from waste of oil refining (with low cost), and industrial additives: "Telaz" and polyethylene polyamine (PEPA). All the studied additives in PPh and AU PVM improve the wetting of titanium dioxide. At the 30 % content of AS film-forming substance in the composition, the maximum decrease in θ° for AS-1 is 4.5°, for PEPA and Telaz it is 4°. For pentaphthalic composition under similar conditions, a decrease in edge wetting angle for AS-1 is 10 °, for Telaz 8.6°, and for PEPA 5.9°. According to the relative change in edge wetting angle for both systems, the maximum decrease in θ° is about 10 %. The introduction of SAS into the composition of AU ambiguously affects the adhesion work, for PPh, the introduction of SAS causes a decrease in adhesion work (Wa). AS-1 is the SAS that minimally reduces adhesion work. The compositions of the PVM by the method of probabilistic-deterministic planning, which ensures maximum wetting of titanium dioxide with film-forming solutions, were analyzed. The equations for calculating the edge angle of wetting of titanium dioxide depending on the content of solvent and the SAS in the PVM were derived. The effectiveness of the AS-1 product as a wetting additive for alkyd paints and varnishes was proven. The wetting ability of the original SAS – AS-1 is close to industrial additives PEPA and Telaz.

Development and production experience of the multilayer curtain-coated linerboard of Ji’an PM No. 3,

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
JUNMING SHU ◽  
ARTHAS YANG ◽  
PEKKA SALMINEN ◽  
HENRI VAITTINEN
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Board Structure ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Curtain Coating ◽  
Coating Formulations

The Ji’an PM No. 3 is the first linerboard machine in China to use multilayer curtain coating technology. Since successful startup at the end of 2011, further development has been carried out to optimize running conditions, coating formulations, and the base paper to provide a product with satisfactory quality and lower cost to manufacture. The key challenges include designing the base board structure for the desired mechanical strength, designing the surface properties for subsequent coating operations, optimizing the high-speed running of the curtain coater to enhance production efficiency, minimizing the amount of titanium dioxide in the coating color, and balancing the coated board properties to make them suitable for both offset and flexographic printing. The pilot and mill scale results show that curtain coating has a major positive impact on brightness, while smoothness is improved mainly by the blade coating and calendering conditions. Optimization of base board properties and the blade + curtain + blade concept has resulted in the successful use of 100% recycled fiber to produce base board. The optical, mechanical, and printability properties of the final coated board meet market requirements for both offset and flexographic printing. Machine runnability is excellent at the current speed of 1000 m/min, and titanium dioxide has been eliminated in the coating formulations without affecting the coating coverage. A significant improvement in the total cost of coated white liner production has been achieved, compared to the conventional concept of using virgin fiber in the top ply. Future development will focus on combining low cost with further quality improvements to make linerboard suitable for a wider range of end-use applications, including frozen-food packaging and folding boxboard.

Environment-Friendly Design of Lithium Batteries Starting from Biopolymer-Based Electrolyte

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2130006
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Shi ◽  
Bin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Adhesive Property ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Battery Materials ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Film Forming

The nondegradable nature and toxicity of organic liquid electrolytes reveal the design deficiency of lithium batteries in environmental protection. Biopolymers can be extracted from biomass under mild conditions, thus they are usually low cost and renewable. The unique characteristics of biopolymers such as water solubility, film-forming capability and adhesive property are of importance for lithium battery. The studies on the biopolymer materials for lithium batteries have been reviewed in this work. Although a lot of work on the biopolymer-based battery materials has been reported, it is still a challenge in the design of lithium battery with zero pollution and zero waste.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION TECHNICAL SYSTEMS BY MEANS OF STRUCTURAL-PARAMETRIC MODELING

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Gennadii Virchenko ◽  
Nazar Lynok
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Kyiv Polytechnic Institute

The modern life of people is characterized by constant interaction with various technical systems. These are various buildings (residential, industrial and social purposes), means of transport (cars, ships and planes), production equipment, household appliances (television sets, computers, telephones, washing machines, and refrigerators), etc. A significant number of requirements, often contradictory, both individual and general, are made to the above objects. The first take into account the specifics of these products, and the second are universal in nature. Relevant examples are the immobility of structures, good transport controllability, accuracy of equipment, high-quality images of TVs, computers, etc. This is on the one hand. On the other hand, high reliability, long service life, low cost, etc. The operation of technical facilities is based on processes of various natures. But they also have common properties. These include geometric parameters of shape, size, position and time. In other words, everything around us is located in a certain space and happens in time. Such an extensive theoretical foundation was made to confirm the basic generalizing role of geometric models, including dynamic ones, in the modern automated development of many types of industrial products. The material presented above shows that the search of optimal variants, which are compromise for the existing conflicting requirements, of various technical objects is now an urgent problem of social development. One of the progressive directions of computer geometric modeling, developed by the scientific school of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, is structural-parametric shaping. This methodology is quite universal, it is productively applied in the aviation industry, it has been introduced into general mechanical engineering, the oil refining industry, in the manufacture of composite materials, and begins to adapt to the needs of construction. The main purpose of this publication is to expand the scope of this approach through the further development of some of its theoretical provisions.  

scholarly journals Selective Oxofunctionalization of Cyclohexene over Titanium Dioxide-Based and Bismuth Oxyhalide Photocatalysts by Visible Light Irradiation

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Adolfo Henríquez ◽  
Héctor D. Mansilla ◽  
Azael Martínez-de la Cruz ◽  
Lorena Cornejo-Ponce ◽  
Eduardo Schott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Metal Halide Lamp ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Bismuth Oxyhalide ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Oxygenated Products

Photocatalysis driven under visible light allows us to carry out hydrocarbon oxofunctionalization under ambient conditions, using molecular oxygen as a sacrificial reagent, with the absence of hazardous subproducts and the potential use of the Sun as a clean and low-cost source of light. In this work, eight materials—five based on titanium dioxide and three based on bismuth oxyhalides—were used as photocatalysts in the selective oxofunctionalization of cyclohexene. The cyclohexane oxofunctionalization reactions were performed inside of a homemade photoreactor equipped with a 400 W metal halide lamp and injected air as a source of molecular oxygen. In all assayed systems, the main oxygenated products, identified by mass spectrometry, were 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, and 2-cyclohexen-1-one. Titanium dioxide-based materials exhibited higher selectivities for 1,2-epoxycyclohexane than bismuth oxyhalide-based materials. In addition to this, titanium dioxide doped with iron exhibited the best selectivity for 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, demonstrating that iron plays a relevant role in the cyclohexene epoxidation process.

scholarly journals Correlation between the emulsion oligomerization parameters for C9 fraction and the characteristics of hydrocarbon resins

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6 (111)) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Roman Subtelnyy ◽  
Dariia Kichura ◽  
Bohdan Dzinyak
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Variable Yield ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bromine Number ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mean Molecular Weight

This paper investigates the production of hydrocarbon resins by emulsion oligomerization of the С9 fraction hydrocarbons in liquid by-products of oil refining. Such oligomers have a wide range of applications as film-forming agents in paints and anti-color coatings. Emulsion oligomerization was carried out using emulsifiers of the first and second kind. The study was performed at different values of the reaction temperature of the reaction duration, the intensity of agitation; concentrations of the emulsifier; С9:water fraction ratio. The resulting products were estimated according to the following indicators: the yield, unsaturation degree, softening temperature, mean molecular weight, color. Statistical analysis was carried out, the correlation of parameters of emulsion oligomerization and the yield and characteristics of oligomers was established. Given that, it would be possible to establish the optimal conditions for emulsion oligomerization and predict the properties of the products obtained. Specifically, it was established that the yield of hydrocarbon resins does not correlate with the reaction temperature (0.15 and 0.30) and the concentration of emulsifiers (0.08 and 0.03). It was proven that in the intervals studied the variable yield of oligomers depends on the duration of the reaction (correlation 0.88 and 0.81). In the case of oligomerization in the reverse emulsion, a significant correlation with the yield is also demonstrated by agitation intensity (0.51) and a С9:water fraction ratio (0.51). That has made it possible to derive an equation of the yield multiple linear regression dependent on the most significant process parameters. The high values of the yield and bromine number correlation (0.94 and 0.93) give grounds to argue about the progress of oligomerization reaction. The relationship among the characteristics of oligomers has been confirmed. This indicates the possibility of directed adjustment of certain characteristics of hydrocarbon resins.

scholarly journals FOAMS STABILIZATION BY HYDROPHOBIZED OXIDES OF VARIOUS CHEMICAL NATURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Natalya G. Vilkova ◽  
Svetlana I. Mishina ◽  
Evgeniy D. Deputatov
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Hydrogen Index ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Disperse Systems ◽  
Initial Suspension

The properties of foams stabilized by hydrophobized titanium oxide and silica are studied. It was shown that when hexylamine was added to silica suspensions (in an amount of ≥ 10 mmol/l), the values of the hydrogen index corresponded to the alkaline region. Moreover, the stability of such foams increases with the increasing concentration of hexylamine and an increase in the relative degree of hydrophobization to ng = 2.75 mmol/g. However, rapid destruction of disperse systems is possible when a certain degree of hydrophobization is achieved (for example, ng≥3 in aerosil suspensions), which is due to aggregation of particles in the initial suspension. The dependence of the lifetime of these dispersed systems on the hydrogen index (pH) is shown. The most stable disperse systems were formed at the pH value of 5, which is close to the isoelectric point of the oxide. Foams obtained from the suspension of the composition: 20% titanium oxide + 76.6 mmol/l hexylamine remained stable for four days or more at pH = 5 and a change in the relative hydrophobicity of the surface (ng) from 0.383 to 1.27 mmol/g. With a significant increase in the degree of hydrophobization of the surface to 4.6 mmol/g and the same pH value, foaming was insignificant (the layer height (h) was 0.2 cm) and life time t≈10 sec.  Probably fixing the particles at the liquid-gas interface is an irreversible process only when a certain degree of hydrophobicity is achieved. To explain the possible causes of change stability of the foam containing the titanium dioxide from the pH we have investigated the distribution of particles according to their sizes by the method of sedimentation analysis. It was found that at pH=10 the fractional composition of the suspension with an average radius of 3 µm was equal to 50%, at the same time the maximum radius was 21 µm; the value of the wetting angle of the particles was equal to 40.8º. In an acidic medium (pH=2-3) and at pH=5, the fraction content with an average particle radius of 5 µm was 29% and 30%, respectively. However, low (14.7º) values of the wetting angle at pH=2 can cause low stability of foams in an acidic environment. Highly stable foams were obtained by changing the viscosity of the dispersion medium in suspensions of hydrophobized titanium oxide. When adding glycerol to the suspension composition: 9.0% titanium dioxide + 0.7% hexylamine, pH=9, gel foam was obtained, which was not destroyed within 10 days. However, in an acidic medium with the addition of the same amount of glycerol, the formation of a stable dispersed system was not observed.

scholarly journals Semiconductor Metal Oxides as Chemoresistive Sensors for Detecting Volatile Organic Compounds

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Lin ◽  
Xin Lv ◽  
Zhineng Hu ◽  
Aoshu Xu ◽  
Caihui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Volatile Organic

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which originate from painting, oil refining and vehicle exhaust emissions, are hazardous gases that have significant effects on air quality and human health. The detection of VOCs is of special importance to environmental safety. Among the various detection methods, chemoresistive semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors are considered to be the most promising technique due to their easy production, low cost and good portability. Sensitivity is an important parameter of gas sensors and is greatly affected by the microstructure, defects, catalyst, heterojunction and humidity. By adjusting the aforementioned factors, the sensitivity of gas sensors can be improved further. In this review, attention will be focused on how to improve the sensitivity of chemoresistive gas sensors towards certain common VOCs with respect to the five factors mentioned above.

Low-cost tangerine peel waste mediated production of Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystals: Synthesis and characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rueda ◽  
Valentina Arias ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Andreu Cabot ◽  
Ana Cecilia Agudelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization
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