scholarly journals Devising a method for improving the efficiency of artillery shooting based on the Markov model

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3 (114)) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Viktor Boltenkov ◽  
Olexander Brunetkin ◽  
Yevhenii Dobrynin ◽  
Oksana Maksymova ◽  
Vitalii Kuzmenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Markov Model ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Powder Charge ◽  
Control Phase ◽  
Firing Efficiency ◽  
Discrete Markov Chain

This paper reports a method for improving the firing efficiency of an artillery unit that results in enhanced effectiveness. Given the modern use of artillery for counter-battery warfare, the effectiveness of shooting is not enough assessed by accuracy only. It is also necessary to take into consideration and minimize the time spent by the unit in the firing position and the consumption of shells to hit the target. It has been shown that in order to assess the effectiveness of an artillery shot due to the initial velocity of the projectile, the most rapid and simple means is to classify the quality of the shot by the acoustic field. A procedure for categorizing the shot has been improved by applying an automatic classifier with training based on a machine of support vectors with the least squares. It is established that the error in the classification of the effectiveness of the second shot does not exceed 0.05. The concept of the effectiveness of a single artillery shot was introduced. Under the conditions of intense shooting, there may be accidental disturbances in each shot due to the wear of the charging chamber of the gun, its barrel, and incomplete information about the powder charge. When firing involves disturbances, the firing of an artillery unit can be described by a model of a discrete Markov chain. Based on the Markov model, a method for improving the efficiency of artillery fire has been devised. The method is based on the identification of guns that produce ineffective shots. The fire control phase of the unit has been introduced. In the process of controlling the fire of the unit, such guns are excluded from further firing. A generalized criterion for the effectiveness of artillery firing of a unit, based on the convolution of criteria, has been introduced. It is shown that the devised method significantly improves the effectiveness of shooting according to the generalized criterion.

scholarly journals Return Time Probability Distribution of a Finite Markov Chain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2520-2522
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Return Time ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Finite Markov Chain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Discrete Markov Chain

In this paper we have considered a finite discrete Markov chain and derived a recurrence relation for the calculating the return time probability distribution. The mean recurrence time is also calculated. Return time distribution helps to identify the most frequently visited states. Return time distribution plays a vital role in the classification of Markov chain. These concepts are illustrated through an example.

Dynamics of the processes in metal machining

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Donatas Švitra ◽  
Jolanta Janutėnienė
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Metal Cutting Machine ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
Metal Machining

In the practice of processing of metals by cutting it is necessary to overcome the vibration of the cutting tool, the processed detail and units of the machine tool. These vibrations in many cases are an obstacle to increase the productivity and quality of treatment of details on metal-cutting machine tools. Vibration at cutting of metals is a very diverse phenomenon due to both it’s nature and the form of oscillatory motion. The most general classification of vibrations at cutting is a division them into forced vibration and autovibrations. The most difficult to remove and poorly investigated are the autovibrations, i.e. vibrations arising at the absence of external periodic forces. The autovibrations, stipulated by the process of cutting on metalcutting machine are of two types: the low-frequency autovibrations and high-frequency autovibrations. When the low-frequency autovibration there appear, the cutting process ought to be terminated and the cause of the vibrations eliminated. Otherwise, there is a danger of a break of both machine and tool. In the case of high-frequency vibration the machine operates apparently quiently, but the processed surface feature small-sized roughness. The frequency of autovibrations can reach 5000 Hz and more.

Paepalanthus fabianeae (Eriocaulaceae): A New Microendemic Species from a Morphologically Coherent Clade

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-801
Author(s):  
Caroline Oliveira Andrino ◽  
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
André Luiz da Costa Moreira ◽  
Paulo Takeo Sano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract—We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus fabianeae, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous phylogenetic evidence based on analyses of nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastid (trnL-trnF and psba-trnH) sequences revealed P. fabianeae as belonging to a strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade containing five other species, all of them microendemic, restricted to the Espinhaço range. Due to the infrageneric classification of Paepalanthus being highly artificial, we preferred not assigning P. fabianeae to any infrageneric group. Paepalanthus fabianeae is known from two populations growing in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) in the meridional Espinhaço Range. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomously branched stems, small, linear, recurved, and reflexed leaves, urceolate capitula, and bifid stigmas. Illustrations, photos, the phylogenetic position, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The restricted area of occurrence allied with threats to the quality of the habitat, mainly due to quartzite mining, justifies the preliminary classification of the new species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category using the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List.

MEDIATEXT IS A TOOL THAT DETERMINES THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Navruza Yakhyayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Scientific Classification

The quality and content of information in the article media text is based on scientific classification of linguistic features. The study of functional styles of speech, the identification of their linguistic signs, the discovery of the functional properties of linguistic units and their separation on the basis of linguistic facts is one of thetasks that modern linguistics is waiting for a solution. Text Linguistics, which deals with the creation, modeling of its structure and the study of the process of such activity, is of interest to journalists today as a science.

IMPROVEMENT OF CLASSIFICATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF SILICON CONNECTIONS IN SEWING PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
R. H. Batirova ◽  
S. S. Tashpulatov ◽  
I. V. Cherunova ◽  
M. A. Mansurova ◽  
S. L. Matismailov
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting

LEARNING MATERIALS: THE “NUCLEUS” OF LANGUAGE TEACHING

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Desy Damayanti ◽  
Adin Fauzi ◽  
Azizatul Mahfida Inayati
Keyword(s):  
Language Teaching ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Authentic Materials ◽  
Authentic Texts ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Among some components of effective language classroom, learning materials indisputably play a focal role. They improve the quality of language teaching; facilitate teachers in doing their duties, and lead students to a higher level of understanding in learning. This research aims to discuss the notion of materials in language teaching. It made use of works of literature to outline the importance of materials in language teaching, and to analyze kinds of materials, which are relevant to language teaching. The analysis resulted in the classification of materials into two broad categories namely (1) created materials, which include course book, audio materials, and video materials; and (2) authentic materials, which cover authentic texts, movie/film, radio broadcasting, television program, graphs, maps, tables, and charts. This paper serves as an invaluable resource to facilitate language teachers in selecting appropriate materials for effective language teaching.

APPLICATION OF THE METHOD SPRINGY DEFORMATIONS OF BARREL DURING SHOT FOR DETERMINING THE INITIAL VELOCITY OF THE SHELL (MINE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Ye. Didenko ◽  
O. Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Initial Resistance ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Effective Use

One of the indicators of the effective use of artillery is the accuracy of the fire impact on the objects of enemy. The accuracy of the artillery is achieved by completing the implementation of all measures for the preparation of shooting and fire control. Main measures of ballistic preparation are to determine and take into account the summary deviation of the initial velocity. The existing procedure for determining the summary deviation of the initial velocity for the check (main) cannon of battery leads to accumulation of ballistic preparation errors. The supply of artillery units with means of determining the initial speed of the projectile is insufficient. Among the many known methods for measuring the initial velocity, not enough attention was paid to the methods of analyzing the processes that occur during a shot in the "charge-shell-barrel" system. Under the action of the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel channel and the forces of the interaction of the projectile with the barrel there are springy deformations in the radial direction. To measure springy deformations it is advisable to use strain gauge sensors. Monitoring of deformation in a radial direction by time can be used to determine the moment of passing a projectile past the strain gauge mounted on the outer surface of the barrel. In the case of springy deformations, the initial resistance of the sensor varies in proportion to its value. The speed of the shell (mine) in the barrel can be determined by time between pulses of signals obtained from strain gauges located at a known distance from each other. The simplicity of the proposed method for measuring the initial velocity of an artillery shell provides an opportunity for equipping each cannon (mortar) with autonomous means for measuring the initial velocity. With the simultaneous puting into action of automatic control systems can be automatically taking into account the measurement results. This will change the existing procedure for determining the total deviation of the initial velocity and improve the accuracy, timeliness and suddenness of the opening of artillery fire, which are components of its efficiency.

Coordination of technology of railway operation of the Republic of Tajikistan and organization of railways in international traffic

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Pulatov
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Railway Operation ◽  
Required Quality

Current geopolitical and economic conditions for the functioning of railway transport in most post-Soviet states are such that it is extremely difficult to provide required quality of transport services and break-even operations at high expenses for maintaining the railway infrastructure and rolling stock. Dynamics of transportation of the Tajik Railway (TSR) is shown, which displays that most of its sections are classified as low-intensity ones. The paper proposes methodical principles, setting and qualitative analysis of the task of rationalization of operational work and organization of car flows for international transportation, taking into account the specifics of the Tajik Railway. There is a problem of complex maintenance of the efficiency of operational work in modern conditions based on the synthesis of the tasks of self-management (rational internal operational technology of the Tajik Railway) and coordination tasks (technological interaction with railway administrations of other states). Author substantiated the necessity of solving this problem. Proposed classification of technological restrictions and controlled variables in the performance of transport takes into account methods for changing external conditions for the functioning of the railway landfill and methods for increasing internal efficiency of its operation. The search for the solution of the problem involves direct search of variants along its ordered set with clipping of groups of variants that do not correspond to constraints, with the subsequent finding of compromise control over a set of effective alternatives.

scholarly journals Classification of endonasal HHT lesions using digital microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Haubner ◽  
A. Schneider ◽  
H. Schinke ◽  
M. Bertlich ◽  
B. G. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Lower Severity ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Vegf Level

Abstract Background Recurrent spontaneous epistaxis is the most common clinical manifestation and the most debilitating symptom in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) patients. To this date, there exist only a classification of HHT patients by different genetic mutations. There is no standard classification for the mucocutaneous endonasal manifestations of HHT. The aim of the present study was to document the variety of endonasal HHT lesions using digital microscopy and to propose a clinical classification. Methods We recorded the endonasal HHT lesions of 28 patients using a digital microscope. We reconstructed the 3D images und videos recorded by digital microscope afterwards and classified the endonasal lesions of HHT in two classes: Grade A, presence of only flat telangiectasias in the mucosa level and Grade B, (additional) presence of raised berry or wart-like telangiectasia spots. We investigated also Haemoglobin level by routine laboratory procedures, plasma VEGF level by ELISA, Severity of epistaxis by epistaxis severity score (ESS) and quality of life by a linear visual analogue scale (VAS). Results We found a higher quality of life and a lower severity of epistaxis in Grade A patients in comparison to Grade B patients. No difference in plasma VEGF level and in Haemoglobin between Grad A patients and Grade B patients could be detected. Plasma VEGF levels showed no gender specific differences. It could also not be correlated to the extranasal manifestation. Conclusion The classification for endonasal manifestation of HHT proposed in this study indicates severity of epistaxis und quality of life. Digital microscopy with the ability of 3D reconstruction of images presents a useful tool for such classifications. The classification of endonasal HHT lesions using digital microscopy allows to evaluate the dynamic of HHT lesions in the course of time independent of examiner. This allows also to evaluate the efficacy of the different treatment modalities by dynamic of HHT lesions. Moreover digital microscopy is very beneficial in academic teaching of rare diseases.

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