scholarly journals Pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in cats: retrospective analysis (1981–2007)

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Dmytro Morozenko ◽  
Roman Dotsenko ◽  
Yevheniia Vashchyk ◽  
Andriy Zakhariev ◽  
Nataliia Seliukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Routine Diagnosis

The aim: to conduct a retrospective analysis of literature sources on the pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in cats. Materials and methods. The research was conducted by the method of scientific literature open-source analysis: PubMed, Elsevier, electronic resources of the National Library named after V.I. Vernadsky (1981–2007). Results. Chronic kidney disease is a common reason for cat owners to go to veterinary clinics. The term “chronic kidney disease” has a broader meaning than the more limited and not very specific name – chronic renal failure; it is also used to indicate the preazotemic stage of the disease. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a gradual deterioration of the clinical condition of animals due to progressive decline in renal function. An idea of the pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in the period from 1981 to 2007 is presented. Conclusions. According to the results of retrospective analysis of literature sources for the period from 1981 to 2007, the basis was identified aspects of the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in domestic cats, which have not lost relevance today. The main link during chronic kidney disease in cats is the development of hyperazotemia and, as a consequence, endogenous intoxication of the body, which develops gradually and leads to the death of the animal. The morphological basis of chronic kidney disease in cats is the development of diffuse nephrosclerosis, which is reflected in the results of clinical, biochemical and instrumental studies. According to biochemical analysis of blood, in cats recorded an increase in urea and creatinine, the results of clinical studies of urine showed a decrease in its relative density, as well as the development of proteinuria, the appearance of erythrocytes and cylinders. According to the results of hematological research, anemic syndrome develops due to decreased erythropoietin synthesis. With age in cats, ultrasound examination of the kidneys reveals a decrease in their volume due to uniform sclerosis of the parenchyma: it is determined by its thinning and increased echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis. Although kidney biopsy is the most informative method of diagnosing chronic kidney disease, it has many contraindications, which does not allow its use in the routine diagnosis of nephropathy in domestic cats. its thinning and increase in echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis, is determined. Although kidney biopsy is the most informative method of diagnosing chronic kidney disease, it has many contraindications, which does not allow its use in the routine diagnosis of nephropathy in domestic cats. Its thinning and increase in echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis, is determined

scholarly journals A Single Arm Clinical Trial to Assess the Combined Effectiveness of Anubhuta Kashaya and Kaishora Guggulu in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Rajshekar N. Shettar ◽  
Prashanth A.S
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
General Signs

CKD encompasses a spectrum of pathophysiologic processes associated with abnormal kidney function and a progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Elimination of Malas from the body is also an inductive of good health. There are totally three Malas explained by the Samhitas namely Purisha, Mutra & Sweda. In Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) where there is a less formation of Mutra, the Karma of Mutra is removing Kleda (waste products) from the body. So, the Kleda which resides in the body causes Pratiloma gati of Vata leading to different variety of diseases which involves Dusti of Rakta. Therefore, use of Mutrala & Raktashodhaka Dravyas may be helpful in the subjects of CKD. There is no availability of direct description of CKD in Ayurvedic science, except Vrukka roga Adhikara of Bhaishajya Ratnavali. So, we studied the disease with Ayurvedic concepts on the basis of general signs and symptoms. Here 28 subjects diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected incidentally for study. For each subject of CKD Amapachana and Koshtashodhana was done with Hareetakyadi churna, Anubhuta Kashaya and Kaishora Guggulu are administered as Shamanoushadhi. With this intervention, we are able to give mild to moderate improvement in subjective and objective parameters. During the study improvement of subjective parameters are well appreciated than the objective parameters. The objective of the study is to establish the combined effectiveness of Anubhuta Kashaya and Kaishora guggulu in the management of Chronic Kidney Disease.  

THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND THE WAYS OF SOLVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
O. D. Dygun ◽  
B. G. Lukichev ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
O. V. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Disturbance of the thyroid function is often detected in patients with different profiles. A special feature of patients with chronic kidney  disease is the higher incidence of various thyroid function  disturbances, especially hypothyroidism. It is known that in patients  with chronic kidney disease (CKD) iodine excretion from the body is  violated, since normally 90% of iodine is excreted in urine.  Accumulation of high concentrations of inorganic iodine leads to the  formation of the Wolf-Chaikoff effect: suppression of iodine  organization in the thyroid gland and disruption of the thyroid  hormones synthesis. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones is  also disturbed, namely, deiodinase type I activity is suppressed and  peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 is inhibited (so-called low T3  syndrome). Therefore, patients with CKD are often diagnosed with  hypothyroidism, and the origin of hypothyroidism is not always  associated with the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis. The article  presents an overview of a large number of population studies of  thyroid gland dysfunction in patients with CKD, as well as  experimental data specifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of  thyroid dysfunction in patients with CKD. Therapeutic tactics are still  not regulated. However, in a number of studies, replacement therapy with thyroid hormones in patients with CKD had some advantages.

scholarly journals Effect of body mass index on the association between alcohol consumption and the development of chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Hashimoto ◽  
Takahiro Imaizumi ◽  
Sawako Kato ◽  
Yoshinari Yasuda ◽  
Takuji Ishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractThe influence of body mass or metabolic capacity on the association between alcohol consumption and lower risks of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully elucidated. We examined whether the body mass index (BMI) affects the association between drinking alcohol and CKD. We defined CKD as an estimated glomerular filtration rate decline < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or positive proteinuria (≥ 1+). Participants were 11,175 Japanese individuals aged 40–74 years without baseline CKD who underwent annual health checkups. Daily alcohol consumption at baseline was estimated using a questionnaire, and the participants were categorized as “infrequent (occasionally, rarely or never),” “light (< 20 g/day),” “moderate (20–39 g/day),” and “heavy (≥ 40 g/day).” Over a median 5-year observation period, 936 participants developed CKD. Compared with infrequent drinkers, light drinkers were associated with low CKD risks; adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.81 (0.69–0.95). Stratified by BMI (kg/m2), moderate drinkers in the low (< 18.5), normal (18.5–24.9), and high (≥ 25.0) BMI groups had adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 3.44 (1.60–7.42), 0.75 (0.58–0.98), and 0.63 (0.39–1.04), respectively. Taken together, the association between alcohol consumption and CKD incidence was not the same in all the individuals, and individual tolerance must be considered.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE BY AYURVEDA W.S.R. TO BASTI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4426-4430
Author(s):  
Bhuvnesh Sharma ◽  
Gyanendra Datta Shukla ◽  
Parul Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Urine Formation

Kidneys plays a vital role in homeostasis by maintaining the body fluid and removing the harmful toxins out of the body through urine formation. Chronic kidney disease is a type of kidney disease which is pro-gressive in nature and there is gradual loss of kidney function over a period of months or years and have complex and different etio-pathologies. With the growing number of cases and keeping in mind the availa-ble conventional line of treatment and its financial burden on patient, Ayurveda through its holistic line of management, either in the form of Shamana & Shodhana or in the form of dietary advices stand distinct and it seems to be effective and safe. And by including proper daily dietary rules and regimens in patients of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) it can be very effectively managed. Here Trinpanchmool, Punarnava, Gokshur used in Basti. Basti plays a vital role here in CKD, it helps in expelling out the uremic toxins which originates in gut thereby improving the quality of life and reducing the sign and symptoms of dis-ease.

scholarly journals Increased Interleukin-6 as Infl ammatory Response and Magnesium Defi ciency in Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease of Indonesian Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Astrid Kristina Kardani ◽  
Ninik Asmaningsih Soemyarso ◽  
Jusli Aras Aras ◽  
Risky Vitria Prasetyo ◽  
Mohammad Sjaifullah Noer
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem in children, with increasing morbidity and mortality rates throughout the world. Children with CKD tend to experience magnesium (Mg) defi ciency that can stimulate an infl ammatory response in the body. One of the infl ammatory responses is an increase of Interleukin-6 (IL-6).  Study to analyze the correlation between Mg and IL-6 in pre-dialysis CKD children. The methods a cross sectional study was conducted in Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital from November 2018 to April 2019. Children with pre-dialyis CKD were included in this study. Variables of serum Mg level (mg/dL) and infl ammatory marker (IL-6) were measured from the blood and analyzed by ELISA method. The correlation between Mg and IL-6 was analyzed with Spearman’s correlation test with p <0.05.  Result a total of 47 children (27 boys vs 20 girls) between 3 months to 18 years old, with pre-dialysis CKD and no history of magnesium supplementation were included. The primary disease that causes of CKD were lupus nephritis (38.3%), nephrotic syndrome (23.4%), urologic disorder (23.4%),  tubulopathy (10.6%) and others (4.3%). The average IL-6 level was 55.42±43.04 pg/dL and Mg level was 2.06±1.54 mg/dL. There were no signifi cant correlation between IL-6 level and Mg level with staging of CKD and duration of illness (p>0.05), but there was a signifi cant correlation between serum Mg level and IL-6 level (r=-0.748; p<0.001). Magnesium levels have a signifi cant inverse correlation with IL-6 levels in pre-dialysis CKD children. The lower the Mg levels in the blood, the higher IL-6 levels and vice versa. 

Possibilities of using fosinopril in treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease in combination with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Ebzeeva ◽  
O. D. Ostroumova ◽  
S. V. Batyukina ◽  
N. A. Shatalova ◽  
N. M. Doldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Secondary Damage

Chronic kidney disease is one of the most common diseases in general medical practice, due to their secondary damage to the kidneys in arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure, and diabetes mellitus. The coexistence of hypertension and diabetes increases the likelihood of developing chronic kidney failure tenfold. In turn, chronic kidney disease is an important independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications, including fatal ones, due to the direct relationship of the pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiorenal relationships. Approaches to the treatment of chronic kidney disease should be aimed both at preventing the risks of developing renal dysfunction, and at treating existing pathology. The multifactorial nature of the disease and the complex etiopathogenetic relationships determine the need to optimize existing approaches to the treatment of chronic kidney disease in multimorbidity patients with concomitance cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. This is also due to the fact that, unlike other target organs, compensation for background disease does not always prevent further deterioration of kidney function. According to the recommendations of the main scientific communities, in such cases, it is advisable to start therapy with the most effective angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors that combine nephro-and cardioprotective effects and have a dual route of elimination from the body, which is especially important in multimorbidity, the aim to prevent polypharmacy, reduce the risk of drug interactions and, consequently, side effects. This article reviews the literature data indicating the high efficacy and safety of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor fosinopril in patients with chronic kidney disease in combination with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.

Drugs and the kidney

2010 ◽  
pp. 4174-4188
Author(s):  
Aine Burns ◽  
Caroline Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates ◽  
Careful Thought ◽  
Reduced Renal Function

The kidney plays a critical role in the elimination of many drugs from the body, hence consideration should be given to a patient’s renal function whenever any drug is prescribed. Much kidney disease is unrecognized, but the widespread reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) has brought greater awareness of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and thereby encouraged medical practitioners to take account of reduced renal function when prescribing. CKD is very often one of many coexisting comorbid conditions, especially in elderly patients, when particularly careful thought must be given to appropriate drug dosing and the possibility of drug interactions....

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