scholarly journals Safety assessment and the effect of squalene isolated from schizochytrium mangrovei pq6 on serum hdl - cholesterol levels in animal models

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Cam Ha ◽  
Hoang Thi Minh Hien ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Ngan ◽  
Dang Diem Hong
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

In this paper, the acute and subchronic toxicity and the effect of squalene isolated from heterotrophic marine microalga Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6 on the serum levels of HDL-C were investigated using animal models. The results of acute toxicity study showed that by oral administration of the squalene on albino mice at the highest dose of 58.25 g/kg of whole body of mice/day, the LD50 was not determined. Squalene at doses of 400 mg and 1,200 mg/kg/day for 60 consecutive days have allowed the normal behavior, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters, liver and kidney functions, morphology of liver, kidney and spleen, total plasma cholesterol content, however, HDL-C level was higher in squalene treated mices compared to control group (p < 0.05). In addition, at doses of 600 and 1,200 mg/kg/day for 60 continuous days, squalene treated mice showed the increase in HDL-C level and HDL-C/total cholesterol ratio and the decrease in the contents of LDL-C and VLDL-C without affecting the body and liver weights and levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride.   

scholarly journals Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on reduction of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
MARIA PRISKILA ◽  
DIAN ARININGRUM ◽  
ENDANG LISTYANINGSIH SUPARYANTI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Group I

Priskila M, Ariningrum D, Suparyanti ES. 2008. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) extract on reduction of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus). Biofarmasi 6: 45-51. Garlic has been widely recognized as herbal medicine for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia. The main bioactive compound, allicin, can influence cholesterol metabolism, reduce total cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of garlic extract on the reduction of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic rats. This research was an experimental research with pre and post-test control group design. The research used male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with ±3 mounts old and ±200 grams of body weight. The rats were divided into two groups, group I and II; each group consisted of 15 rats. Before the treatment, all rats were induced by a high-cholesterol diet for two weeks, to get a hypercholesterolemic condition. Group I, as a control group, were induced by a high-cholesterol diet, while group II, treatment group, were also induced by a high-cholesterol diet orally by 0.432 grams garlic extract /200 grams body weight/day. The treatment occurred for 25 days. The data were taken before the treatment and after the last treatment, by taking the blood from orbital sine of rats which been fasted for 12 hours, and the level of serum cholesterol total and the level of serum HDL cholesterol were checked from both groups, then the results were analyzed with t-test. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the oral induction of 0.432 grams garlic extract /200 grams body weight/day for 25 days on rats, could not reduce total cholesterol, therefore the serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio was not significant (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the decrease of total cholesterol in treatment group and the decrease of HDL cholesterol in both groups were significant (p<0.05).

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK PEPAYA TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL, LDL DAN HDL DARAH TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrinaldi Endrinaldi ◽  
Asterina Asterina
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
White Male ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soluble Fiber

AbstrakPepaya mengandung pektin yang merupakan serat larut air. Pektin berkemampuan mengikat asam empedu dan dieliminasi keluar tubuh melalui feses. Penurunan jumlah asam empedu di lumen usus menyebabkan hepar menggunakan kolesterol dalam darah untuk membentuk asam empedu. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah kolesterol.Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak pepaya mengkal terhadap kadar kolesterol total, HDL dan LDL tikus putih. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental menggunakan 20 ekor tikus putih jantan yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, dan kelompok perlakuan dengan pemberian ekstrak pepaya dengan dosis 0,5 ml, 1 ml dan 1,5 ml per 200g/BB melalui oral selama 15 hari.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan rerata kadar kolesterol total, LDL, dan peningkatan kadar HDL serum tikus setelah pemberian ekstrak pepaya selama 15 hari secara bermakna (p<0,05). Tetapi tidak terjadi perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05) antara kelompok yang diberi ekstrak pepaya dengan dosis 0,5 ml, 1 ml, dan 1,5 ml.Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari studi ini ialah bahwa ekstrak pepaya dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, LDL, dan peningkatan kadar HDL pada serum tikus putih jantanKata kunci : pektin, kolesterol, asam empedu, serat, tikus.AbstractPapaya contain pectin which is a water-soluble fiber. Pectin has the ablity to bind bile acids and eliminated out of the body through the feces. Decrease in the amount of bile acids in intestinal lumen causing liver uses cholesterol to synthesize bile acids blood.The purpose of this study was to see the effect of papaya extract on total cholesterol, HDL and LDL of male rats. This is an experimental research design using 20 white male rats were divided into four groups : control group and group treated with papaya extract a dose of 0,5 ml, 1 ml per 200 gr/body weight orally for 15 days.Results showed a decrease in everage total cholesterol, LDL and increased serum levels of rats after administration of papaya extract after 15 days wereARTIKEL PENELITIAN30significantly (p<0,05). But no significantly difference occused (p>0,05) between groups were fed papaya extractat a dose of 0,5 ml, 1 ml and 1,5 ml.Conclusions from the study are that papaya extract can lower total cholesterol, LDL and levels increased in the serum of male ratsKey word : pectin, cholesterol, bile acid, fiber, rats.

scholarly journals Performance and hypo-cholesterolemic response of laying hens fed cassava root sievate - based diets.

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
O.M.O. Idowu ◽  
A. Oduweso ◽  
E. Daisy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yolk Cholesterol

A total of one hundred and fifty (150) Nera ser-linked layer strains (32 weeks of age) were used to investigate the performance response, blood plasma and egg yolk cholesterol status of hens fed cassava roul sievate (CRS) bused - diets. CRS was used to replace wheat offal at 0, 5, 10, 15 und 20% respectively, resulting in five dietary treatments. Each treatment had 3 replicates with each replicate group having five hirds. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. No significant effect of diers was noticed in the body weights, weight gain and daily feed intake. Fced conversion per dozen eggs, hen-day egg production and total egg produced significantly declined as CRS levels increased from 0 to 20% in the diets. Diets with 20% CARS had the poorest performance. However, the blood plasma, egg yolk and egg cholesterol concentrations were reduced significantly (p< 0.05) with increased level of CRS Dietary treatment with 20 % CARS had the lowest (P< 0.05) cholesterol concentration. Inclusion of up to 20% CRS led to 35% reduction in plasma total cholesterol, while 18 and 17% reductions were obtained in the egg yolk total cholesterol and total cholesterol per egy respectively. Replacement of up to 10% (w/w) wheat offal by CRS is therefore recommended 10 effectively reduce cholesterol content of the plasma ,egg yolk and whole egg by 20%, 10% and 17 % respectively at performance level that are comparable with that of the control group. 

Desenvolvimento de um Modelo Experimental de Dislipidemia de Baixo Custo/Development of low Cost Dislipidemia Experimental Model

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Nilo César do Vale Baracho ◽  
Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes ◽  
Kalina Tondato De Paula e Silva ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Marques ◽  
André Luiz Rios Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Standard Ration

Objetivo: Desenvolver um novo método experimental de baixo custo para indução de dislipidemia em ratos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram utilizados 20 ratos, da linhagem Wistar, divididos em dois grupos (n=10). O grupo 1 (controle) recebeu ração padrão para ratos da marca Purina® (com concentração padrão de colesterol) e o grupo 2 recebeu a mesma ração adicionada de 0,5% p/p de colesterol, obtido através da gema de ovo (grupo experimental), por 50 dias. Resultados: o grupo tratado com ração padrão da marca Purina® adicionada de 0,5% p/p de colesterolapresentou aumento significativo dos níveis séricos de colesterol total (118,6± 4,74 vs. 84,2±5,0 mg/dL, p<0,01 ), LDL-C (54,4± 7,9 vs. 23,6 ±7,0 mg/dL, p<0,01), VLDL-C (45,9±1,2 vs. 29,0± 5,8 mg/dL, p<0,01) e triglicérides (229,3±6,0 vs 145,0± 28,9 mg/dL, p<0,01) e redução significativa do HDL-C (18,3±4,8  vs. 31,7±5,6 mg/dL, p<0,01), quando comparado ao grupo controle. Conclusão: A utilização da ração padrão da marca Purina® adicionada de 0,5% p/p de colesterol mostrou-se eficaz em produzir alterações significativas nos níveis séricos de colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, VLDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol e triglicérides, demonstrando que este modelo experimental de baixo custo constitui uma ferramenta útil para produzir dislipidemia em ratos. Palavras-Chave: Dislipidemia, modelo experimental, ratos. ABSTRACTObjective: Development of a new experimental low-cost method for induction of dislipidemia in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were used, allocated in two groups (n = 10). Group 1 (control) received a standard diet for rats Purina® mark (with a standard concentration of cholesterol) and group 2 received the same chow and 0.5% p/p cholesterol obtained through yolk (Group experimental) for 50 days. Results: The group treated with the standard ration Purina® branded and 0.5% p/p cholesterol showed a significant increase in serum total cholesterol (118,6± 4,74 vs. 84,2±5,0 mg/dL, p<0,01 ), LDL-C (54,4± 7,9 vs. 23,6 ±7,0mg/dL, p<0,01), VLDL-C (45,9±1,2 vs. 29,0± 5,8 mg/dL, p<0,01) and triglycerides (229,3±6,0 vs 145,0± 28,9 mg/dL, p<0,01) and significant reduction of HDL-C (18,3±4,8  vs. 31,7±5,6 mg/dL, p<0,01) when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The use of standard ration Purina® branded and added to 0.5% p/p cholesterol was effective in producing significant changes in serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, demonstrating that this experimental model makes a useful low cost tool to produce dyslipidemia in rats. Keywords: Dyslipidemia, experimental model, rats

scholarly journals Effect of oat saponins on plasma and liver lipids in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Önning ◽  
N.-G. Asp
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Plasma And Liver Lipids

The effects of oat saponins (a mixture of avenacosides A and B) on plasma and liver lipids in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and rats were investigated. Cholesterol-containing diets high in total and saturated fat and with different avenacoside contents (zero (ethanol-extracted oats), normal (oats) and twice normal (ethanol-extracted oats plus added avenacosides)) were used. Compared with a cellulose control group the oat diets in both species gave a significantly higher cholesterol content in the HDL fraction and a significantly lower liver cholesterol content. No significant differences in total plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and plasma triacylglycerols were found, however, between the groups fed on oats with different avenacoside content. The liver weight, total liver cholesterol and free liver cholesterol were also similar, whereas the liver lipid content was significantly lower in rats given the highest amount of avenacosides compared with zero or normal amounts. The tendency was the same in gerbils. Thus, the oat saponins had only minor effects on lipid metabolism in gerbils and rats.

scholarly journals Randomised controlled trial of the effect of long-term selenium supplementation on plasma cholesterol in an elderly Danish population

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1807-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Cold ◽  
Kristian H. Winther ◽  
Roberto Pastor-Barriuso ◽  
Margaret P. Rayman ◽  
Eliseo Guallar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractAlthough cross-sectional studies have shown a positive association between Se and cholesterol concentrations, a recent randomised controlled trial in 501 elderly UK individuals of relatively low-Se status found that Se supplementation for 6 months lowered total plasma cholesterol. The Danish PRECISE (PREvention of Cancer by Intervention with Selenium) pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01819649) was a 5-year randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with four groups (allocation ratio 1:1:1:1). Men and women aged 60–74 years (n491) were randomised to 100 (n124), 200 (n122) or 300 (n119) μg Se-enriched yeast or matching placebo-yeast tablets (n126) daily for 5 years. A total of 468 participants continued the study for 6 months and 361 participants, equally distributed across treatment groups, continued for 5 years. Plasma samples were analysed for total and HDL-cholesterol and for total Se concentrations at baseline, 6 months and 5 years. The effect of different doses of Se supplementation on plasma lipid and Se concentrations was estimated by using linear mixed models. Plasma Se concentration increased significantly and dose-dependently in the intervention groups after 6 months and 5 years. Total cholesterol decreased significantly both in the intervention groups and in the placebo group after 6 months and 5 years, with small and nonsignificant differences in changes in plasma concentration of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and total:HDL-cholesterol ratio between intervention and placebo groups. The effect of long-term supplementation with Se on plasma cholesterol concentrations or its sub-fractions did not differ significantly from placebo in this elderly population.

scholarly journals Lipidotransport system in patients with acne conglobata forms

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
E. I Sliva ◽  
Ksenia Gennadievna Vilova ◽  
S. L Kashutin ◽  
S. I Danilov ◽  
S. V Klyuchareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Abdominal Organs

The lipidotransport system at conglobate acne as more severe form that characterized by pronounced hyperplasic and hypertrophic processes in sebaceous gland was studied. The study was based on the presence of relative hyperandrogenism in the pathogenesis of acne, due to the active synthesis of 5.alpha.-dihydrotestosterone sebocytes of sebaceous hair follicles of type III, and the fact that the predecessor of 5a-dihydrotestosterone is cholesterol. The study included 130 persons (60 women, 70 men) at the age of 17-36 years with acute stage of conglobate acne and disease duration from 3 months to 18 years. In addition 55 persons with papulopustule acne (23 women, 32 men) in similar age as control group were studied. A total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were determined by semi-automatic biochemical analyzer BTS-350 using the kits of the company Deacon (Moscow). An abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space (liver, gall bladder, and pancreas) were examined by ultrasound diagnostic. Lipid metabolism changes were revealed in patients with conglobate acne, and was not found in patients with papulopustule acne. This lipid changes were associated with a tendency to increase in triglycerides, total cholesterol, lowering LDL cholesterol in HDL cholesterol content. It’s noted that in papulopustule form were not registered a higher LDL cholesterol levels but in conglobate form this parameter were 7.69% patient. With increasing duration of the disease the concentration of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol is rising, while lowering levels of HDL cholesterol at the development of chronic pancreatitis.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibition reverses LCAT and LDL receptor deficiencies and improves HDL in rats with chronic renal failure

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. F539-F544 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Liang ◽  
C. H. Kim ◽  
N. D. Vaziri
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Plasma Lcat ◽  
Coa Reductase

Dyslipidemia is a prominent feature of chronic renal failure (CRF) and a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and the progression of renal disease. CRF-induced dyslipidemia is marked by hypertriglyceridemia and a shift in plasma cholesterol from HDL to the ApoB-containing lipoproteins. Several studies have demonstrated a favorable response to administration of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) in CRF. This study was intended to explore the effect of statin therapy on key enzymes and receptors involved in cholesterol metabolism. Accordingly, CRF ( nephrectomized) and sham-operated rats were randomized to untreated and statin-treated (rosuvastatin 20 mg·kg−1·day−1) groups and observed for 6 wk. The untreated CRF rats exhibited increased total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, diminished plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and the hepatic LDL receptor, elevated hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and no change in hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, or HDL receptor (SRB-1). Statin administration lowered HMG-CoA reductase activity, normalized plasma LCAT, total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, and hepatic LDL receptor but did not significantly change either plasma total cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, total ACAT activity, or SRB-1 in the CRF animals. Statin administration to the normal control rats led to significant increases in plasma LCAT and hepatic LDL receptor, significant reductions of total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase abundance with virtually no change in plasma cholesterol concentration. Thus administration of rosuvastatin reversed LCAT and LDL receptor deficiencies and promoted a shift in plasma cholesterol from ApoB-containing lipoproteins to HDL in CRF rats.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gut Microbiota and Selected Blood Parameters in Weaned Piglets Following Supplementation with a Probiotic and Vitamin C

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Leszek Tymczyna ◽  
Beata Trawińska ◽  
Marta Kowaleczko ◽  
Anna Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska ◽  
Jerzy Lechowski
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Group Group

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the gut microbiota and selected haematological and biochemical blood parameters of weaned piglets following dietary supplementation with a probiotic and vitamin C. the piglets were divided into a control group (group C) and an experimental group (group E), with 30 piglets in each group. All animals received the same feed ad libitum. The animals in the control group (group C) received feed with no added probiotic and vitamin C. the piglets in the experimental group (group E) were given a supplement containing a probiotic (Bacillus cereus 1×109 CFU/kg) in the amount of 1.5 g/piglet/day and vitamin c in the amount of 300 mg/piglet/day. The supplement was administered for 28 days. The total numbers of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae and of the genus Lactobacillus were determined in faeces. The erythrocyte count, haemoglobin level, haematocrit, leukocyte count, and percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes were determined in the blood. The biochemical analysis concerned the concentration of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and LDL and HDL cholesterol. In group E a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the total number of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria was observed in the faeces of the piglets, accompanied by an increase in the number of lactobacilli relative to group C. E. coli was found to predominate over other microorganisms. Salmonella choleraesuis bacteria were present in the faeces of both groups before administration of the supplement, but were not found after its use. The supplement with probiotic and vitamin C caused a significant increase in the erythrocyte, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels in the blood of the piglets and a significant decrease in the concentration of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of a modified proprietary poultry feed on cholesterol excretion in laying birds

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Chris Oche Ikese ◽  
Simon Terver Ubwa ◽  
Sunday Ogakwu Adoga ◽  
Stephen Inegedu Audu ◽  
Michael Akor
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cholesterol Excretion ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The effect of modified proprietary poultry feed on cholesterol excretion in laying birds was evaluated. The study sort to lower the cholesterol content of eggs at the point of their physiological formation via a modification of the proprietary feed fed to laying poultry birds. This was with a view to lower the net cholesterol content in their eggs, thereby lowering the cholesterol levels available in such eggs for intake upon consumption. A 20% rice bran modification of the proprietary feed was made. Animal subjects were divided into experimental and control groups and the mean total cholesterol in their faecal droppings where determined before and after varying their feeding programs. Whereas the experimental group was fed with the modified feed, the control group was maintained on the unmodified feed. Enzymatic colorimetric method was used for the determination of mean total cholesterol in the dried faecal droppings of each group of birds under investigation. The results showed that the mean total cholesterol excretion before and after the modified feed regimen were 5.97±0.16 mg/g and 9.99±0.47 mg/g respectively and were found to be significantly different when compared using a t-test at p > 0.05 and 49 degree of freedom The results also showed that the modified proprietary poultry feed increased total cholesterol excretion in the faecal droppings of laying birds fed with the modified feed by 67.3%, and this was found to be statistically significant at p > 0.05. Hence, a 20% rice-bran modification of the proprietary feed yields a modified feed with a proven potency in elevating total cholesterol excretion while producing no drastic deviation from the proximate composition of the unmodified proprietary feed and is thus likely to have no adverse effect on the productivity of laying birds.

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