scholarly journals Application of Orp for the Evaluation of Water Contamination

2017 ◽  
pp. 1082-1089
Author(s):  
Viktoras Račys ◽  
Linas Kliučininkas ◽  
Dalia Jankūnaitė ◽  
Ramunė Albrektienė
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Different Types

Water pollution characterization consumes a lot time, facilities and materials. Application of easy applicable and accurate method for pollution determination is quiet actual still now. Redox reactions in water are usually biologically mediated and therefore, the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of wastewater and groundwater systems depends upon biodegradation processes. Oxidation and reduction reactions control the behaviour of many chemical constituents in the water. The determination of ORP is advisable in water that contains a relatively high concentration of a redox-active species, e.g., organic carbon, the salts of many metals (Fe2+, Mn2+) and strong oxidising (chlorine, oxygen) and reducing (sulfite ion) agents. Water pollution characterization upon ORP and different types of polluted water was investigated. The main outcome of this research – ORP can be used as easy applicable measurement for different types of water as pollution indicator.

scholarly journals Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture: A Review of Nature-Based Solutions for Nitrogen Removal and Recovery

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1893
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Mancuso ◽  
Grazia Federica Bencresciuto ◽  
Stevo Lavrnić ◽  
Attilio Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

The implementation of nature-based solutions (NBSs) can be a suitable and sustainable approach to coping with environmental issues related to diffuse water pollution from agriculture. NBSs exploit natural mitigation processes that can promote the removal of different contaminants from agricultural wastewater, and they can also enable the recovery of otherwise lost resources (i.e., nutrients). Among these, nitrogen impacts different ecosystems, resulting in serious environmental and human health issues. Recent research activities have investigated the capability of NBS to remove nitrogen from polluted water. However, the regulating mechanisms for nitrogen removal can be complex, since a wide range of decontamination pathways, such as plant uptake, microbial degradation, substrate adsorption and filtration, precipitation, sedimentation, and volatilization, can be involved. Investigating these processes is beneficial for the enhancement of the performance of NBSs. The present study provides a comprehensive review of factors that can influence nitrogen removal in different types of NBSs, and the possible strategies for nitrogen recovery that have been reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Dynamic Nano Clusters of Water on EVODROP Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Georgi Gluhchev ◽  
Fabio Huether
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Non Equilibrium

A research for nano clusters of electrochemically waters catholyte and anolyte was recently performed [1]. The actual study is connected with EVODROP water. Methods NES (Non-equilibrium Energy Spectrum) and DNES (Differential Non-equilibrium Energy Spectrum) are used for the study [2,3]. They allow the evaluation of hydrogen bonds energy. It is expected that these spectral analyses and mathematical models could help explaining the different effects of EVODROP water. Influence of different types of waters on the nervous system and anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects have been reported [4]. The device for the production of EVODROP water is invented by Fabio Huether. It transforms the tap water into alkaline one with a negative oxidation reduction potential (ORP) measured in millivolts (mV). The study was performed of alteration of hardness of EVODROP water according tap water as control sample.

scholarly journals Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen in Swamp Waters. Further Modification of the Winkler Method

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-566
Author(s):  
L. C. BEADLE
Keyword(s):  
Difference Method ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Winkler Method ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Polluted Waters ◽  
Source Of Error

1. A modification of the iodine-difference Winkler method is described which involves a preliminary clarification of a single sample, from which two smaller samples are siphoned. 2. This makes possible estimations on extremely muddy and polluted water and avoids an error in the standard iodine-difference method which is very large with highly polluted waters. 3. The iodine is added with the clarifying reagents to the original sample, thus avoiding the necessity for quantitative addition of iodine to two separate samples, which is another potential source of error in the standard method. 4. Estimations on swamp water saturated with air under standard conditions indicate that the method is accurate to within 0.2 mg. O2/l. 5. With polluted water, having an oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of less than +100 mV., ‘negative’ figures for oxygen content are obtained. The cause of this phenomenon could not be discovered but, since this potential indicates anaerobic conditions, the method is not thereby affected. 6. An improved iodine-titration end-point is described involving the use of a magnetic stirrer. 7. Direct spectrophotometric estimation of iodine is shown to be as accurate as, and very much more rapid than titration, and particularly suited to the iodine-difference method.

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF DELHI

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeba Zarin Ansari ◽  
◽  
S.V. Akhmatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Given

Water is an essential element for all the existing living beings. About 70% of the Earth is covered by water. All human beings need fresh drinking water. Without water no life is ever imagined on this blue planet. But life becomes difficult when many lives have to live on polluted water. According to WHO, 80% diseases are waterborne. In Delhi, different types of toxic chemical discharge have different effects on humans causing diseases like bacterial, viral or parasitic. Therefore, it is recommended to focus daily on the water quality of Delhi from destructive events. So, the present paper defines condition of water pollution and their solutions in the given research area.

MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION IN ENCLOSED COASTAL SEAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizo Negi ◽  
Keizo Negi ◽  
Takuya Ishikawa ◽  
Takuya Ishikawa ◽  
Kenichiro Iba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
View Point ◽  
High Concentration

Japan experienced serious water pollution during the period of high economic growth in 1960s. It was also the period that we had such damages to human health, fishery and living conditions due to red tide as much of chemicals, organic materials and the like flowing into the seas along the growing population and industries in the coastal areas. Notable in those days was the issues of environment conservation in the enclosed coastal seas where pollutants were prone to accumulate inside due to low level of water circulation, resulting in the issues including red tide and oxygen-deficient water mass. In responding to these issues, we implemented countermeasures like effluent control with the Water Pollution Control Law and improvement/expansion of sewage facilities. In the extensive enclosed coastal seas of Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay and the Seto Inland Sea, the three areas of high concentration of population, we implemented water quality total reduction in seven terms from 1979, reducing the total quantities of pollutant load of COD, TN and TP. Sea water quality hence has been on an improvement trend as a whole along the steady reduction of pollutants from the land. We however recognize that there are differences in improvement by sea area such as red tide and oxygen-deficient water mass continue to occur in some areas. Meanwhile, it has been pointed out that bio-diversity and bio-productivity should be secured through conservation/creation of tidal flats and seaweed beds in the view point of “Bountiful Sea” To work at these challenges, through the studies depending on the circumstances of the water environment in the enclosed coastal seas, we composed “The Policy of Desirable State of 8th TPLCS” in 2015. We have also added the sediment DO into the water quality standard related to the life-environmental items in view of the preservation of aquatic creatures in the enclosed water areas. Important from now on, along the Policy, is to proceed with necessary measures to improve water quality with good considerations of differences by area in the view point of “Beautiful and bountiful Sea”.

scholarly journals In situ measurements of oxidation–reduction potential and hydrogen peroxide concentration as tools for revealing LPMO inactivation during enzymatic saccharification of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Kadić ◽  
Anikó Várnai ◽  
Vincent G. H. Eijsink ◽  
Svein Jarle Horn ◽  
Gunnar Lidén
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
The State ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

Abstract Background Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to simple sugars at commercial scale is hampered by the high cost of saccharifying enzymes. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) may hold the key to overcome economic barriers. Recent studies have shown that controlled activation of LPMOs by a continuous H2O2 supply can boost saccharification yields, while overdosing H2O2 may lead to enzyme inactivation and reduce overall sugar yields. While following LPMO action by ex situ analysis of LPMO products confirms enzyme inactivation, currently no preventive measures are available to intervene before complete inactivation. Results Here, we carried out enzymatic saccharification of the model cellulose Avicel with an LPMO-containing enzyme preparation (Cellic CTec3) and H2O2 feed at 1 L bioreactor scale and followed the oxidation–reduction potential and H2O2 concentration in situ with corresponding electrode probes. The rate of oxidation of the reductant as well as the estimation of the amount of H2O2 consumed by LPMOs indicate that, in addition to oxidative depolymerization of cellulose, LPMOs consume H2O2 in a futile non-catalytic cycle, and that inactivation of LPMOs happens gradually and starts long before the accumulation of LPMO-generated oxidative products comes to a halt. Conclusion Our results indicate that, in this model system, the collapse of the LPMO-catalyzed reaction may be predicted by the rate of oxidation of the reductant, the accumulation of H2O2 in the reactor or, indirectly, by a clear increase in the oxidation–reduction potential. Being able to monitor the state of the LPMO activity in situ may help maximizing the benefit of LPMO action during saccharification. Overcoming enzyme inactivation could allow improving overall saccharification yields beyond the state of the art while lowering LPMO and, potentially, cellulase loads, both of which would have beneficial consequences on process economics.

scholarly journals The Negative Impact of Varicocele on Basic Semen Parameters, Sperm Nuclear DNA Dispersion and Oxidation-Reduction Potential in Semen

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5977
Author(s):  
Kamil Gill ◽  
Michal Kups ◽  
Patryk Harasny ◽  
Tomasz Machalowski ◽  
Marta Grabowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Sperm Dna

Since varicocele is so common in infertile men, this study intends to analyse the relationships between varicocele and conventional semen characteristics, sperm nuclear DNA dispersion and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in semen. Varicocele-positive and varicocele-negative infertile men (study groups) showed significantly lower standard sperm parameters and higher sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and ORP in semen than healthy volunteers and subjects with proven fertility (control groups). A lower proportion of low SDF levels (0–15% SDF) and higher incidence of high SDF levels (>30% SDF), as well as a higher prevalence of high ORP values (>1.37 mV/106 sperm/mL), were found in the study groups vs. the control groups. Moreover, infertile men had significantly lower odds ratios (ORs) for low SDF levels and significantly higher ORs for high SDF levels and high ORP. SDF and ORP were negatively correlated with sperm number, morphology, motility and vitality. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between SDF and ORP. The obtained results suggest that disorders of spermatogenesis may occur in varicocele-related infertility. These abnormalities are manifested not only by reduced standard semen parameters but also by decreased sperm DNA integrity and simultaneously increased oxidative stress in semen.

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