scholarly journals Pemikiran Politik al-Shawkânî dalam Fath al-Qadîr

MUTAWATIR ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Yusuf Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

Muhammad b. ‘Alî Muhammad b. ‘Abd Allâh al-Shawkânî al-San‘ânî. He was born in the Hijrah in Shawkân village, Yemen on Monday 28 Dhû al-Qa‘dah 1172 H and died on Tuesday, 27 Jumâd al-Akhîr 1250 H at the age about 78 years. Al-Shawkânî grew up in the San‘a city, it is the capital of the republic of Yemen now. He study first time about religion from his father, then from renowed scholars in San‘a and its surrounding, he was known as a scolar who mastered the various branches of religious sciences. Such as <em>tafsîr</em>, <em>h</em><em>}adîth</em>, <em>fiqh</em>, <em>us</em><em>}ûl al-fiqh</em>, history, science of <em>kalâm</em>, philosophy, <em>balâghah</em>, <em>mant</em>}<em>iq</em> etc. the main issue in this article is how political thought in the book of tafsir <em>Fath</em><em> al-Qadîr</em> is the work of Shawkânî. At the end of article, the authors found that the intended political thinking in the study of <em>Fath</em><em> al-Qadîr</em> is about constitutional ideas. These ideas about the constitution is limited to the concept of leadership and deliberation, the concept of the right of citizen to obtain justice, and the concept pf the right of citizens to live association and assembly

scholarly journals PARMENIDAS: TEISINGUMAS KAIP RAKTAS Į BŪTIES PRIGIMTĮ

Problemos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Skirmantas Jankauskas
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Justice Theory ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Good Society ◽  
Logical Foundation ◽  
Ethical Content ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

Straipsnyje aptariama filosofijai pamatinė būties problema. Tyrimo atspirties tašku pasirinkta Parmenido poema, kurioje bene pirmą kartą vakarietiškoje filosofavimo tradicijoje būtis ne tik paminima, bet ir pagrindžiama. Parodoma, kad logiškai patrauklūs poemos antrosios dalies svarstymai ne tik nepagrindžia būties aptikimo būdo, bet ir neteikia nuorodų jos turiniui apibrėžti. Papildomų užuominų aptiktoms problemoms spręsti ieškoma platoniškai interpretuojant paprastai ignoruojamą Parmenido poemos mįslingąją pradžią. Interpretuojant tą pradžią kaip būties atradimo kontekstą, joje minimas žirgų traukiamas vežimaitis susiejamas su Faidro dvikinke, o kelionė link Nakties ir Dienos vartų – su Puotos „teisinguoju keliu“. Tačiau pagrindinis dėmesys telkiamas mėginant paaiškinti parmenidiškąją nuorodą, kad vartus, atveriančius tiesioginę būties pažinimo prieigą, saugo Teisingumas. Daroma prielaida, kad Platonas pasinaudoja šia nuoroda konstruodamas teisingumo požiūriu tobulą polinę sąrangą. Faidre nenusisekus teoriškai temizuoti dorybę, Platonas pasmerkia teoriją įkūnijantį raštą dėl jo ribotumo asimiliuojant filosofui rūpimus etinius turinius, tačiau savo užmačios neatsisako. Tariama, kad Politejoje Platonas mėgina temizuoti dorybę susiedamas ją su teorijai tiesiogiai prieinamu teisingumu. Siekdamas persmelkti teisingumą dorybe, Platonas net priverstas doriškai tobulą filosofą padaryti valdovu. Ir nors Politejoje teoriškai temizuoti dorybės nepavyksta, tačiau tobulo teisingumo konstravimo veiksmas apnuogina būties prigimtį, t. y. jos sąlygotumą gėrio vertybe. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: būtis, dorybė, teisingumas, teorija, tiesa, grožis, gėris, sociumas.Parmenides: Justice as a Clue to the Nature of BeingSkirmantas Jankauskas SummaryThe paper deals with the fundamental problem of philosophy – the problem of being. The research begins with the analysis of the famous poem of Parmenides where, for the first time in the Western tradition of philosophy, the being, apart from being just mentioned, is also provided with a logical foundation. It is demonstrated here that the logically attractive considerations of the second part of the poem both fail to substantiate the discovery of the being and give no hints about its content. The way to deal with the above mentioned problems is found in the typically ignored beginning of the poem. Clues for the explication of the mysterious proem are sought in some Plato’s dialogues. The chariot drawn by steeds in Parmenides’ poem is associated with the representation of the soul as a charioteer driving two steeds in Plato’s Phaedrus, and the ride towards the gates of Night and Day is associated with the concept of the “right way” in Plato’s Symposium respectively. However, attention is focused on Parmenides’ reference that the gate dividing Night and Day is guarded by Justice. An assumption is made that Plato exploits this reference while constructing his ideally just state. Failing to theoretically thematize virtue in Phaedrus, Plato blames writing which incorporates theory for its inability to assimilate the ethical content, but refuses to abandon this undertaking. It is supposed that in The Republic Plato continues his effort of theoretical thematization of virtue by trying to relate the latter to justice which is directly accessible by theory. In striving to enable justice to embrace the content of virtue, Plato is even compelled to make a virtueincorporating philosopher preside over his ideal state. Nonetheless, Plato fails to reach his direct objective in The Republic. However, the action of constructing ideal justice quite unexpectedly reveals the origin of being, i.e. its subordination to the Good.Keywords: being, virtue, justice, theory, truth, the beautiful, the good, society.

scholarly journals Analisis Kritis terhadap Perjanjian Perkawinan dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 69/PUU-XIII/2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Damian Agata Yuvens
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Consideration ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Marital Agreement

Pengujian terhadap beberapa ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria dan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan ditujukan untuk memastikan agar warga negara Indonesia yang menikah dengan warga negara asing bisa tetap memiliki hak atas tanah dengan titel Hak Milik maupun Hak Guna Bangunan. Hasil akhirnya, Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, melalui Putusan No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015, menolak sebagian permohonan yang diajukan dan memberikan tafsir sehubungan dengan perjanjian perkawinan, sehingga perjanjian perkawinan juga bisa dibuat selama dalam ikatan perkawinan. Namun demikian, terdapat masalah nyata dalam Pertimbangan Hukum yang disusun, yaitu falasi, kurangnya pertimbangan dan tidak adanya analisis dampak. Di sisi lain, penilaian yang dilakukan secara terpisah oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap objek yang diujikan menyebabkan tidak tampaknya perdebatan komprehensif mengenai isu pokok yang diujikan. Terlepas dari kekurangan tersebut, tak dapat pula disangkal bahwa Putusan No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015 memberikan alternatif jalan keluar.Review on some provisions in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles as well as Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage were submitted in order to ensure that Indonesian citizen who marries foreign citizen could still hold land right with title of the Right of Ownership and the Right of Building. As a result, Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, through Decision No. 69/PUUXIII/2015, rejected part of the petition and provided interpretation in relation to marital agreement, so that marital agreement could be drafted during the marriage relation. Nevertheless, there are visible problems in the Legal Consideration, namely fallacy, lack of consideration and no impact analysis. On the other hand, assessment conducted separately by Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia caused the invisibility of comprehensive debate on the main issue that is contested. Apart from the said shortcomings, it is undeniable that Decision No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015 provided alternative way out.

scholarly journals IMPERATOR CONTRA PRAEDONES UWAGI O „NIEKONSTYTUCYJNOŚCI” LEX GABINIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Anna Tarwacka
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

Imperator contra praedones Some Remarks on the Illegality of the lex GabiniaSummaryIn 67 BC Aulus Gabinius, a tribunus plebis, proposed a law appointing an imperator to deal with the pirates of the Mediterranean area. The law was passed as lex Gabinia de uno imperatore contra praedones constituendo and the senate was asked to choose the right candidate. The only possible choice was Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, the most talented and famous general of the time. The senators opposed so violently that Gabinius was almost killed. Thus, another assembly was called which appointed Pompey to the task. His campaign against the pirates was amazingly fast and successful.There are several reasons for treating this case as a deviation from the republican constitution. Firstly, the imperium was given for a period of three years which was unusually long time for an extraordinary command. Secondly, the general was given power on the whole Mediterranean area, equal to this of the provincial governors. Thirdly, he could choose his own legati which was a case unknown to the republican system. Moreover, it was the first time when an extraordinary command was given by the concilia plebis regardless the senatorial opposition.The case of lex Gabinia was one of Pompey’s numerous victories over the republic. Notwithstanding, he managed to persuade everyone to picture himself as a hero and defender o f the republic.

scholarly journals Moldova: Results of the Parliamentary Elections

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
S. Astakhova
Keyword(s):  
Right Wing ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Absolute Majority ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

According to the results of the early parliamentary elections – 2021 in Moldova, the pro-presidential right-wing Action and Solidarity Party (PAS) won. For the first time in the history of the republic, the right-wing party won an absolute majority in the parliament. As a result, the consolidated power of the right-wing pro-European forces has been established in the country, which may mean a change in its geopolitical course.

Pendidikan Seni Budaya dan Keterampilan bagi Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus

Metahumaniora ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Cece Sobarna
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

AbstrakPemerintah Republik Indonesia menjamin hak seluruh warga negera Indonesiamendapat pendidikan. Komitmen ini dengan jelas tertuang pada pasal 31 ayat (1)UUD 1945 yang berbunyi bahwa “Setiap warga negara berhak mendapat pendidikan.”Pernyataan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa warga negara yang dimaksud didalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 itu mencakup seluruh rakyat Indonesia dengankondisi apapun tidak terkecuali, termasuk anak berkebutuhan khusus. Mekanismepelaksanaan pendidikan untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus kemudian diatur dalamperaturan-peraturan pemerintah. Langkah-langkah tersebut menunjukkan bahwapemerintah bersungguh-sungguh dalam memberikan hak pendidikan bagi warganegaranya yang dianggap kurang beruntung karena kondisi fisik dan atau mentalmereka. Materi pendidikan apa yang diperlukan bagi anak berkebutuhan khususmenjadi tantangan berikutnya yang harus ditanggulangi bersama. Dengan tujuan akhirmeluluskan siswa berkebutuhan khusus yang mandiri dalam berkehidupan sosialdi masyarakat, sekolah-sekolah khusus seperti SLB (Sekolah Luar Biasa) melakukanberbagai upaya dan salah satunya adalah melalui pendidikan keterampilan dan senibudaya. Bagaimana pendidikan ini diberikan di SLB bagi siswa berkebutuhan khususmenjadi hal yang ingin diungkap melalui tulisan ini. Selama kurang lebih 8 bulanturut terjun langsung berbagi pendidikan Seni Budaya dan Keterampilan diperolehhasil bahwa pendidikan keterampilan dan seni budaya seperti prakarya, tata boga,dan seni budaya mampu mendorong siswa berkebutuhan khusus menjadi terampildan diharapkan keterampilan yang telah mereka miliki tersebut mampu membuatpara siswa tersebut kelak mandiri terjun ke masyarakat.Kata kunci: siswa berkebutuhan khusus, pendidikan keterampilan dan seni budaya,Sekolah Luar Biasa, UUD 1945AbstractThe government of The Republic of Indonesia guarantees that every Indonesian citizenhas a right to get an education. This commitment is strongly stated in The Constitution of theRepublic of Indonesia of 1945 Article 31 (1) that “Each citizen has the right to an education.”The content of The Constituion indicates that the citizen mentioned in the constitution refersto all Indonesian citizens in any condition without any exception including children of specialneeds. How the mechanism of the education for children of special needs is implemented is thenregulated in the Government Regulation. These efforts show that Indonesian government takesthis matter seriously in order that its citizens who are considered to be not fortunate due to theirphysical and or mental condition get their right in education. What kind of education needed forthem becomes the next challenge that has to be managed together with all authorities. In orderto achieve the standard objective for the graduated students of special needs that they have to be self-seficient, independent in their social life among societies, Special Needs Schools ‘SLB’implement some efforts and one of them is by givingthe education of Skill, Art and Culture intheir curriculum. How this education is given in Special Needs Schools for students of specialneeds becomes the main issue that is described in this paper. By taking part in giving thiseducation in these schools for about 8 months, it can be identified that through the education ofSkill, Art and Culture, the skills like culinary training and the art projects are able to stimulatethe students of special needs to be skillful and by obtaining these skills, it is expected that thestudents of special needs can be independent, self-sufficient in their social life in societies.Keywords: students of special needs, the education of Skill, Art and Culture, SpecialNeeds Schools, The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 194

Pendidikan Seni Budaya dan Keterampilan bagi Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus

Metahumaniora ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Cece Sobarna
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

AbstrakPemerintah Republik Indonesia menjamin hak seluruh warga negera Indonesiamendapat pendidikan. Komitmen ini dengan jelas tertuang pada pasal 31 ayat (1)UUD 1945 yang berbunyi bahwa “Setiap warga negara berhak mendapat pendidikan.”Pernyataan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa warga negara yang dimaksud didalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 itu mencakup seluruh rakyat Indonesia dengankondisi apapun tidak terkecuali, termasuk anak berkebutuhan khusus. Mekanismepelaksanaan pendidikan untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus kemudian diatur dalamperaturan-peraturan pemerintah. Langkah-langkah tersebut menunjukkan bahwapemerintah bersungguh-sungguh dalam memberikan hak pendidikan bagi warganegaranya yang dianggap kurang beruntung karena kondisi fisik dan atau mentalmereka. Materi pendidikan apa yang diperlukan bagi anak berkebutuhan khususmenjadi tantangan berikutnya yang harus ditanggulangi bersama. Dengan tujuan akhirmeluluskan siswa berkebutuhan khusus yang mandiri dalam berkehidupan sosialdi masyarakat, sekolah-sekolah khusus seperti SLB (Sekolah Luar Biasa) melakukanberbagai upaya dan salah satunya adalah melalui pendidikan keterampilan dan senibudaya. Bagaimana pendidikan ini diberikan di SLB bagi siswa berkebutuhan khususmenjadi hal yang ingin diungkap melalui tulisan ini. Selama kurang lebih 8 bulanturut terjun langsung berbagi pendidikan Seni Budaya dan Keterampilan diperolehhasil bahwa pendidikan keterampilan dan seni budaya seperti prakarya, tata boga,dan seni budaya mampu mendorong siswa berkebutuhan khusus menjadi terampildan diharapkan keterampilan yang telah mereka miliki tersebut mampu membuatpara siswa tersebut kelak mandiri terjun ke masyarakat.Kata kunci: siswa berkebutuhan khusus, pendidikan keterampilan dan seni budaya,Sekolah Luar Biasa, UUD 1945AbstractThe government of The Republic of Indonesia guarantees that every Indonesian citizenhas a right to get an education. This commitment is strongly stated in The Constitution of theRepublic of Indonesia of 1945 Article 31 (1) that “Each citizen has the right to an education.”The content of The Constituion indicates that the citizen mentioned in the constitution refersto all Indonesian citizens in any condition without any exception including children of specialneeds. How the mechanism of the education for children of special needs is implemented is thenregulated in the Government Regulation. These efforts show that Indonesian government takesthis matter seriously in order that its citizens who are considered to be not fortunate due to theirphysical and or mental condition get their right in education. What kind of education needed forthem becomes the next challenge that has to be managed together with all authorities. In orderto achieve the standard objective for the graduated students of special needs that they have to be self-seficient, independent in their social life among societies, Special Needs Schools ‘SLB’implement some efforts and one of them is by givingthe education of Skill, Art and Culture intheir curriculum. How this education is given in Special Needs Schools for students of specialneeds becomes the main issue that is described in this paper. By taking part in giving thiseducation in these schools for about 8 months, it can be identified that through the education ofSkill, Art and Culture, the skills like culinary training and the art projects are able to stimulatethe students of special needs to be skillful and by obtaining these skills, it is expected that thestudents of special needs can be independent, self-sufficient in their social life in societies.Keywords: students of special needs, the education of Skill, Art and Culture, SpecialNeeds Schools, The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 194

scholarly journals The Right to physical and mental immunity in the light of the new constitution of the Republic of Armenia and modern challenges in this field in Armenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Narine Tonoyan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Right To Die ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Current Report

The Constitution of the Republic of Armenia (RA) for the first time envisaged the right to physical and mental immunity (in the former edition of personal immunity) in 2015. According to Article 25(1) of the RA Constitution, everyone shall have the right to physical and mental integrity. That right may be restricted only by law, for the purpose of state security, preventing or disclosing crimes, protecting public order, health and morals or the basic rights and freedoms of others. The bodily rights of the person, including the right to physical and mental immunity, are recognized in professional literature as somatic rights that have become a subject of vigorous debates as a new generation of human rights. In general, human somatic (bodily) rights constitute a wholeness, which includes: the right to life; the right to die or the right to choose a way of giving up one’s life (right to suicide, right to use euthanasia), etc. Current report in the light of the RA Constitution report discuss some of important issues in this field: eugenic experiments, medical intervention, organs and tissues transplantation, etc.

The right to life: A comparative analysis of the relevant norms of the Constitutions of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the right to life belongs to the basic constitutional human rights, therefore, its observance and protection is the duty of the state. Despite its undeniable importance, today the right to life anywhere in the world is not really ensured in sufficient quantities. The constitutional consolidation of the right to life raises a number of issues related to the concept, nature, legislative and practical implementation of this right. It should be noted that various aspects of the human right to life were considered in the scientific works of G.B. Romanovsky, O.G. Selikhova, T.M. Fomichenko, A.B. Borisova, V.A. Ershov and other Russian authors. The aim of the study is to study and comparative analysis of the legal content of the constitutional norm that defines the right to life, to comprehend and identify possible problems of the implementation of this right. To achieve this goal, this article discusses relevant issues of ensuring the right to life, proclaimed by Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Article 27 of the Constitution of Azerbaijan Republic. The results of a comparative analysis of these constitutional norms and the relevant norms of industry law allow us to determine, that there is no contradiction between Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the norms of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, which imply the death penalty as an exceptional measure of punishment, because a moratorium has been imposed on the death penalty in the Russian Federation since April 16, 1997. However, after the abolition of the death penalty in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1998, there was a discrepancy between parts II and III of Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the criminal legislation of Azerbaijan Republic that requires the introduction of the necessary changes in the content of the analyzed constitutional norm. The value of the work is determined by the fact that the introduction of appropriate changes will contribute to the further improvement of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the effective implementation of the right to life of everyone.

QUO VADIS HUKUM ISLAM (ANTARA IDEALITAS DAN REALITAS INDONESIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Dinda Izzati
Keyword(s):  
Political Rights ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
The Right

Evidently, a few months after the Jakarta Charter was signed, Christian circles from Eastern Indonesia submitted an ultimatum, if the seven words in the Jakarta Charter were still included in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, then the consequence was that they would not want to join the Republic of Indonesia. The main reason put forward by Pastor Octavian was that Indonesia was seen from its georaphical interests and structure, Western Indonesia was known as the base of Islamic camouflage, while eastern Indonesia was the basis for Christian communities. Oktavianus added that Christians as an integral part of this nation need to realize that they also have the right to life, religious rights, political rights, economic rights, the same rights to the nation and state as other citizens, who in fact are mostly Muslims. This paper aims to determine and understand the extent to which the basic assumptions of the Indonesian people view the role of Islam as presented in an exclusive format.

The Sayan borderlands: Tuva’s ethnocultural landscapes in changing natural and sociocultural environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
D. A. Dirin ◽  
Paul Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Population Migrations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociocultural Processes ◽  
First Time

The paper is devoted to ethno-cultural landscapes of the Republic of Tuva. Ethnocultural landscapes (ECLs) are specific socio-environmental systems that developed as a result of the interaction of ethnic groups with their natural and social environments and are in a constant process of transformation. An attempt is made to identify the mechanisms of the formation, functioning and dynamics of ethnocultural landscapes in the specific conditions of the intracontinental cross-border mountain region, as well as to establish the main factors-catalysts of their modern changes. For the first time an attempt is made to delimit and map the ethnocultural landscapes of Tuva. For this, literary sources, statistical data and thematic maps of different times are analyzed using geoinformation methods. The results of 2014-2018 field studies are also used, during which interviews with representatives of different ethno-territorial, gender, age and social groups were taken. It is revealed that the key factors of Tuva’s ethnocultural landscape genesis are the natural isolation of its territory; the features of its landscape structure; the role of government; population migrations from other regions and the cultural diffusion provoked by them. 13 ethnocultural landscapes are identified at the regional level. Their modern transformation is determined by the shift of climatic cycles, aridisation, globalisation of sociocultural processes, changes in economic specialisation and ethnopsychological stereotypes.

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