scholarly journals Rethinking Conceptual Sufism: A Synthesis of Islamic Spirituality, Asceticism, and Mysticism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-193
Author(s):  
Meis Al-Kaisi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Islamic Mysticism ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Published Research

Far from being a school or a sect, Sufism is an ideology, a mode of life, a set of principles, and a ‘faith in practice.’ Sufism has been addressed and presented by scholars countless times. It has been primarily defined as either Islamic mysticism or as the spiritual dimension of Islam. Yet, as much as mysticism is ineffable as much as the published research is full of tangled definitions that only scholars can comprehend. The traditional approach to the study of Sufism makes the topic burdensome and mentally unattainable to the learned public. This article explains Sufism without using complex terminology or intense presentations of mystical states and stations. It is a scholarly attempt that is ultimately designed to provide a straightforward definition of Sufism. It presents Sufism in a three-fold manner, as a synthesis of three Islamic principles: Islamic spirituality, asceticism, and mysticism. Each of the three dimensions is explained in an Islamic context to demonstrate the validity of the Sufi trends as being purely Islamic. Spirituality, asceticism, and mysticism are all discussed within the frame of Tradition, that is, the Quran and the Sunna of the Prophet Muhammad.

Psychometric Definition of Rorschach Determinant Component Structure

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond M. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Exner's Comprehensive System ◽  
Factor Analytic ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Definition Of

This is an empirical examination of Experienced Stimulation (es) and Experience Actual (EA) from Exner's Comprehensive System (CS) for Rorschach's Test, spurred by Kleiger's theoretical critique. Principal components analysis, Cronbach's α, and inter-item correlational analyses were used to test whether 13 determinants used to code Rorschach responses (M, FM, m, CF+C, YF+Y, C'F+C', TF+T, VF+V, FC, FC', FV, FY, FT) are best represented as a one, two, or more-dimensional construct. The 13 determinants appear to reflect three dimensions, a “lower order” sensori-motor dimension (m + CF+C + YF+Y + C'F+C' + TF+T + VF+V) with a suggested label of Modified Experienced Stimulation (MES), a “higher order” sensori-motor dimension (FM + FV + FY + FT) with a suggested label of Modified Experience Potential (MEP), and a third sensori-motor dimension (M+FC+FC') for which the label of Modified Experience Actual (MEA) is suggested. These findings are consistent with Kleiger's arguments and could lead to a refinement of CS constructs by aggregating determinants along lines more theoretically congruous and more internally consistent. A RAMONA model with parameters specified was presented for replication attempts which use confirmatory factor analytic techniques.

The Continuing Problem of Special Districts in American Government

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larita Killian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Special Districts ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Policy Alignment ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT Due to fiscal constraints and demands for increased accountability, scholars and public officials are reviewing the structure and reporting practices of local governments. These efforts are often incomplete, however, because they bypass special districts, which now comprise over 40 percent of all local governments. The proliferation of special districts has the potential to increase government costs, redirect the allocation of scarce resources, remove debt and expenditure practices from the public eye, and reduce democratic controls over elected officials. This paper highlights some of the public interest concerns related to these entities to inform future, localized research. For decades, scholars have approached special districts from two opposing theoretical perspectives: institutional reform and public choice. Literature from these opposing perspectives is used to analyze special districts along three dimensions: efficiency and economy of operations, policy alignment and allocation of resources, and democratic accountability. This paper uses the U.S. Census Bureau definition of special districts, though alternative definitions are discussed. Efforts by four states (Florida, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and New York) to improve local government, and their varying approaches to special districts, are reviewed, leading to the conclusion that the complex issues related to special districts must be resolved within state contexts.

scholarly journals Definition of SPA

2020 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
José Rafael Marques da Silva ◽  
Manuela Correia
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Definition Of

Some examples of SPA definitions are presented, including the most recent definition released by the International Society of Precision Agriculture (ISPA). The SPARKLE definition of SPA is presented, with a list of all the keywords used to accomplish that definition. The three dimensions of Precision Agriculture (Economy, Agronomy and Technology) and their relative weight are discussed. Materials for this topic include a presentation and a text, that are complementary.

scholarly journals Immediately mathematical model of maneuverability of the items of the administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kotsyuruba ◽  
Ruslan Cherevko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Current Stage

At the current stage of the reformation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the context of the operation of the United Nations (Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO)), there was a need to increase the effectiveness of the use of troops without increasing the cost of the resource. In the context of increasing capabilities of the armies of the leading countries in the world to investigate and defeat the forces of the opposite side, the problem of maintaining and restoring combat capability in the course of hostilities is very acute. One of the important components that determines combat capability is the maneuverability of the control points (PU). In the course of the defense, the problem of increasing the survivability of the PU system is important because the forces of the opposite side, with the onset of aggression, will try, first of all, to dismantle the PU using modern means of defeat and the massive use of high-precision weapons (WTZ), as well as aircraft and artillery strikes, electronic information and information fight, the use of sabotage and reconnaissance groups and tactical airborne troops to disrupt the control of defending troops. Important importance of the ability to timely carry out maneuver (organized movement) of PU and its elements into a new area in the preparation and in the course of military operations. The traditional approach to ensuring the survivability of PU does not allow to ensure the proper stability of their functioning. There is an objective necessity in the development of such a mathematical model of maneuverability, which in its characteristics would meet the dynamically increasing requirements of the control system of troops in the difficult conditions of projected operations. To ensure the quality management of military units, various measures to ensure the survivability of PU are considered. The article outlines approaches to the definition of indicators of estimation of maneuverability of PU and methods of their calculation. The research is carried out in modern conditions of combat operations, taking into account the movement of the line of the combat collision of the parties and the disclosure of the PU to the enemy's intelligence.

Harmonious entrepreneurship – a new approach to the challenge of global sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Anthony Kirby ◽  
Iman El-Kaffass
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Sustainability ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

PurposeThe article is intended to consider how entrepreneurship needs to adapt if it is to address the global sustainability challenge. The intention is to propose a new business model that recognises the interconnectedness of the global ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachThe article analyses two case studies purposively written to demonstrate the difference between the traditional entrepreneurship approach, dating back to the 19th century and the proposed harmonised one. Both cases are based on secondary data and personal field observation.FindingsWhile the two cases focus on wealth creation, job generation and innovation, the traditional approach is shown to have had a long-term deleterious impact on both society and the environment, whereas the proposed harmonised approach impacts positively. The article recognises the multifaceted nature of the sustainability challenge and that the three elements (economy/commerce, society and environment) are interconnected. If there is a change in the status of one the other, connected facets will change or will need to be changed. Thus any solution needs to address all three facets.Social implicationsThe proposed business model will be of interest to scholars and practitioners of entrepreneurship and sustainability, as well as to policy makers and educators.Originality/valueApart from proposing a new business model that will address the sustainability challenge, the article provides a definition of harmonious entrepreneurship and identifies the conditions required for it to be met, as well as the characteristics of the harmonious entrepreneur.

scholarly journals Ergonomics as a Social Component of Sustainable Lot-sizing: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sezen Korkulu ◽  
Krisztián Bóna
Keyword(s):  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Social Component ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

Lot-sizing has an increased attention in recent years. In the area of production planning and control, this trend has given rise to the development of lot-sizing models that considers sustainability issues besides the optimization of total operational cost. The study is based on tertiary study that is ensured to analyze the total work have been published. The research was conducted by the definition of appropriate keywords for understanding sustainability issues and ergonomics as a social component in lot-sizing. The paper at hand attempts to understand the development of sustainability issues in lot-sizing and ergonomics as a social component in lot-sizing. We observe that studies focusing on all three dimensions of sustainability are comparatively scarce. However, only a few of the studies have been covered the social sustainability aspect. It is observed that studies addressing ergonomics issues are scarce, and more focus is required on the social sustainability impacts along the supply chain and lot-sizing. Most of ergonomic assessment covered relaxation allowance and energy expenditure rate, OWAS, NIOSH and another consideration about ergonomic lot-sizing is the motion types investigated by authors which were picking, storing as a lifting and carrying motions and did not covered pushing, pulling, bending and other hand motions which have positive relationship with work related musculoskeletal disorders. Finally, we propose future directions to extend research on the ergonomics in lot-sizing.

China’s energy policies and strategies for climate change and energy security

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Deng ◽  
Paolo Davide Farah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
International Data ◽  
National Energy Security ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract National energy security, parallel with the ultimate goal of emissions reductions, is of utmost priority for the Chinese government. In order to comply with the requirements set by the Kyoto Protocol, the Chinese government announced, on 25 November 2009, that 2020’s CO2 emissions would be reduced by 40–45 per cent in accordance with the data collected from 2005. Said goal was met three years ahead of schedule. Even in light of such an accomplishment, however, commentators suggest that the overall nationally determined contributions (NDCs) made by the Parties belonging to the Paris agreement are not enough to reduce global warming by even 2°C. This article focuses on the concept of energy security in assessing whether, and how, the priorities related to climate change are gradually changing. After analysing climate change’s impact on China, conducted via an analysis of the study’s available literature and through the support of international data, this article mainly focuses on the concept of energy security, itself. Under the second section, based on the examination of China’s efforts to transition towards a low-carbon economy, the authors provide a holistic definition of energy security through the lens of three dimensions: energy supply security, energy economy and energy ecological security. The third section, in turn, addresses the relationship between energy security and climate change. The results presented in the conclusion insist that, in order to strengthen environmental protection in China, it is crucial to reform the highly inefficient and strictly regulated national energy market. In doing so, China’s transition to a low-carbon society and economy could prove less painful, as China’s available resources offer the potential for a strengthened ecological dimension and sustained socio-economic development.

Defining Social Business Process Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Dalia Suša Vugec
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Business Process Management ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Social Software ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

Business process management (BPM) is a holistic discipline which is focused on improving organizational performance by managing the business processes of the organization. In recent decades, it has been widely accepted and implemented across many different organizations with some success. However, there were some issues regarding the traditional approach to BPM, like the reality-model divide, etc. As a response, a new discipline, called social BPM has emerged which is based on the principles of social software. For the purpose of this article, a Delphi study has been conducted with the aim of defining the social BPM as well as to identify its main characteristics. The results are presented in this article, proposing a single definition of social BPM and the list of its characteristics.

New Media and Democratic Citizenship

2011 ◽  
pp. 1250-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Hardy ◽  
D. A. Scheufele
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Definition Of

The issue of the civic potential of the Internet has been at the forefront of much scholarly discussion over the last 10 to 15 years. Before providing a comprehensive overview of the different schools of thought currently dominating this debate, it is necessary to briefly describe how researchers have defined the terms citizenship and new media. Across different literatures, two ways of examining citizenship emerge. The first approach examines citizenship broadly as citizen involvement in the political process. Scheufele and Nisbet (2002), for example, identified three dimensions of citizenship: feelings of efficacy, levels of information, and participation in the political process. The second approach taps citizenship much more narrowly as social capital (i.e., the more emotional and informal ties among citizens in a community) (Shah, Kwak, & Holbert, 2001). Depending on which definition of citizenship they followed, researchers also have been interested in different types of new media use with a primary focus on the Internet. Some have examined the Internet as a medium that functions in a top-down fashion similar to traditional mass media. These scholars mostly are concerned with how online information gathering differs from traditional media use, such as newspaper readership or TV viewing. More recently, scholars have begun to examine different dimensions of Internet use, including chatting online about politics, e-mail exchanges with candidates and other citizens, and online donations to campaigns.

Taxonomy and behaviour of lucioline fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) with redefinition and new species of Pygoluciola Wittmer from mainland China and review of Luciola LaPorte

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1733 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIN HUA FU ◽  
LESLEY BALLANTYNE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
First Record ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Subfamily Classification ◽  
Definition Of

Subfamily classification within the Lampyridae, and generic categories in the Luciolinae are reviewed, as are the difficulties that often exist with accurate species determinations because of inadequate definition of the genus Luciola LaPorte. A key to genera of the Luciolinae reflects current phylogenetic trends and includes the first morphological details of Luciola (Photuroluciola) (Pic). An expanded generic definition of Pygoluciola Wittmer includes an extension of its geographic range. Pygoluciola qingyu sp. nov. is described including morphology of males, females (bursa structure) and larvae, and the first record of synchronous flashing from mainland China. Behaviour including predacious activity by larvae on large mandibulate ants, in an apparently hazardous frontal attack, the semiaquatic mode of life and luminous activity including synchronous flashing is described and discussed. A lectotype male of Luciola cerata Olivier is designated and described.

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