ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF SPINY BROOM (CALICOTOME  VILLOSA (POIR.) LINK) AND SWEET BROOM (GENISTA × SPACHIANA) OF THREE DIFFERENT PROVENANCES: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, SECONDARY COMPOUNDS OF  SHRUB LEAVES AND RESPONSES TO DROUGHT STRESS

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) contains pharmacologically active secondary compounds known as ginsenosides, which have been shown to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. In this greenhouse experiment, we tested the hypothesis that ginsenosides would behave as “stress metabolites” and be associated with osmoregulation in response to drought stress. Two year-old seedlings, grown in 5-inch pots, were well watered for 40 days prior to the initiation of treatments. Plants in the drought stress treatment were watered every 20 days while the controls were watered every 10 days, and the experiment was terminated after 4 and 8 dry down cycles (80 days), respectively. Predawn leaf water potential and relative water content (RWC) of drought-stressed plants during a typical dry down cycle were lower than control plants. The diameter and weight of primary storage roots were decreased in the stressed treatment. The length of the main storage root and the longest secondary (fibrous) root were significantly increased by the drought stress treatment. Leaf chlorophyll content of drought-stressed plants was lower than controls. The osmotic potential of the drought-stressed ginseng was not lower than the control, indicating that ginsenoside is not involved in osmoregulation in response to drought stress. Furthermore, ginsenosides Rb1 and Rd, and total ginsenosides were significantly lower in primary roots of drought-stressed plants compared to control plants.

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Elevated CO2and drought stress effects on the chemical composition of maize plants, their ruminal fermentation and microbial diversityin vitro

Archives of Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1080/1745039x.2012.735080 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 473-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Birgit Meibaum ◽

Susanne Riede ◽

Bernd Schröder ◽

Remy Manderscheid ◽

Hans-Joachim Weigel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Maize Plants

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Microstructural characteristics of low-temperature (1400°C) sintered MgO obtained from seawater

Science of Sintering ◽

10.2298/sos1701061j ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 61-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jelena Jakic ◽

Goran Stefanic ◽

Miroslav Labor ◽

Vanja Martinac

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Technological Process ◽

Magnesium Hydroxide ◽

High Purity ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Microstructural Characteristics ◽

B2o3 Content ◽

Hydroxide Precipitate ◽

Positive Effect

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a rinsing of Mg(OH)2 precipitated from seawater by substoichiometric precipitation (80% precipitation) and the addition of TiO2 on microstructural characteristics of the MgO obtained by sintering at low temperature (1400?C). The results of examination indicate that the method of rinsing of the magnesium hydroxide precipitate in the technological process of obtaining MgO from seawater significantly affects the chemical composition of samples, primarily with regard to the CaO and B2O3 content. The samples were doped with TiO2 to improve the evaporation of B2O3 and sintering of MgO samples that were characterized by XRD and SEM/EDS. These techniques confirmed the high purity of MgO samples obtained and the formation of secondary compounds in very small quantities that have a positive effect on the densification.

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Chemical composition, secondary compounds, ruminal degradation and in vitro crude protein digestibility of gamma irradiated canola seed

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.01.014 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 151 (3-4) ◽

pp. 184-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S.R. Ebrahimi ◽

A. Nikkhah ◽

A.A. Sadeghi ◽

G. Raisali

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Canola Seed ◽

Ruminal Degradation ◽

Gamma Irradiated

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Biostimulants Application Alleviates Water Stress Effects on Yield and Chemical Composition of Greenhouse Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 181 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽

Ângela Fernandes ◽

Sofia Plexida ◽

Antonios Chrysargyris ◽

Nikos Tzortzakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Common Bean ◽

Acid Content ◽

Total Yield ◽

Ash Content ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Variable Effect

The increasing scarcity of water demands proper water management practices to ensure crop sustainability. In this study, the effect of drought stress and biostimulants application on the yield and chemical composition of green pods and seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was evaluated. For this purpose, four commercially available biostimulant products, namely Nomoren (G), EKOprop (EK), Veramin Ca (V), and Twin-Antistress (TW), were tested under two irrigation regimes: normal irrigation (W+) and water-holding (W-) conditions. The highest increase (20.8%) of pods total yield was observed in EKW+ treatment due to the formation of more pods of bigger size compared to control treatment (CW+). In addition, the highest yield under drought stress conditions was recorded for the GW- treatment (5691 ± 139 kg/ha). Regarding the effects of biostimulants on the protein and ash content of pods, the application of VW+ treatment (first harvest of pods; 201 ± 1 and 79 ± 1 g/kg dw for proteins and ash content, respectively) and GW+ (second harvest of pods; 207.1 ± 0.1 and 68.4 ± 0.5 g/kg dw for proteins and ash content, respectively) showed the best results. For seeds, the application of GW+ treatment resulted in the highest content for fat, protein, and ash content (52.7 ± 0.1, 337 ± 1, 56 ± 1 g/kg dw) and energetic value (5474 ± 3 kcal/kg dw). γ-tocopherol was the main detected tocopherol in pods and seeds, and it was significantly increased by the application of TWW- (first harvest of pods; 6410 ± 40 μg/kg dw), VW- (second harvest of pods; 3500 ± 20 μg/kg dw), and VW+ (seeds; 39.8 ± 0.1 g/kg dw) treatments. EKW- treatment resulted in the lowest oxalic acid content for both pod harvests (26.3 ± 0.1 g/kg dw and 22.7 ± 0.2 g/kg dw for the first and second harvest of pods, respectively) when compared with the rest of the treatments where biostimulants were applied, although in all the cases, the oxalic acid content was considerably low. Fructose and sucrose were the main sugars detected in pods and seeds, respectively, while the highest content was recorded for the TWW- (first harvest of pods) and GW- (second harvest of pods and seeds) treatments. The main detected fatty acids in pods and seeds were α-linolenic, linoleic, and palmitic acid, with a variable effect of the tested treatments being observed. In conclusion, the application of biostimulants could be considered as an eco-friendly and sustainable means to increase the pod yield and the quality of common bean green pods and seeds under normal irrigation conditions. Promising results were also recorded regarding the alleviation of negative effects of drought stress, especially for the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; G treatment), which increased the total yield of green pods. Moreover, the nutritional value and chemical composition of pods and seeds was positively affected by biostimulants application, although a product specific effect was recorded depending on the irrigation regime and harvesting time (pods and seeds).

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Plant response to drought stress simulated by ABA application: Changes in chemical composition of cuticular waxes

Environmental and Experimental Botany ◽

10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.06.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

pp. 70-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Jana Macková ◽

Martina Vašková ◽

Petr Macek ◽

Marie Hronková ◽

Lukas Schreiber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Response ◽

Cuticular Waxes

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THE PERFORMANCE OF DELPHINIUM (Delphinium ajacis (L.) Schur.) PLANTS UNDER DROUGHT STRESS, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND SALICYLIC ACID TREATMENTS

the future of agriculture ◽

10.37229/fsa.fja.2019.12.20 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 73-91

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

The Other ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Greenhouse Experiments

Greenhouse experiments were conducted during the two successive winter seasons of (2016 – 2017) and (2017- 2018) in order to enhance the performance of Delphinium plants under drought stress conditions and the possibility of enhancing vegetative growth, flowering growth, and chemical composition. Experiments were designed as a split-plot based on randomized complete block with three replications in a private commercial nursery in Damanhour City, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The experiments were conducted by applying foliar applications of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 0, 1250 and 2500 ppm and salicylic acid (SA) at 0, 100 and 200 ppm. The vegetative, root and flowering growth and chemical composition of Delphinium plants grown under drought stress were examined. The obtained results of the two seasons revealed that either SA or H2O2 treatments caused significant increase in growth parameters and chemical composition of Delphinium plants compare to control plants. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 100 ppm was more effective in increasing vegetative, root and flowering growth, and photosynthesis parameters, followed by H2O2 at a concentration of 1250 ppm compared to the other treatments. On the other hand, H2O2 at a concentration of 2500 ppm was more effective in increasing total phenols and H2O2 content in leaves.

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Cantinoa althaeifolia essential oil: chemical composition and biological, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. e9910212040

Author(s):

Amanda Migliorini Urban ◽

Juliane Nadal Dias Swiech ◽

Gustavo Simão Moraes ◽

Katia Paludo ◽

Carmen Antonia Sanches Ito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Complex Method ◽

Antitumor Activities

The species of the Lamiaceae family produce essential oils in the glandular trichomes, leaf surfaces, and in inflorescences, and can also produce many secondary compounds, which indicates great potential for study. The aim of this paper was to describe the chemical composition and the biological, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities of the essential oil of Cantinoa althaeifolia for the first time. The essential oil was obtained from the leaves by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was established by the phosphomolybdenum method. The minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans was determined. The lethality test of Artemia salina was performed. The cytotoxicity against murine fibroblasts (3T3), non-tumor cells (McCoy), murine melanoma (B16F10), and human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells was assessed. Five major compounds were isolated: himachalene (11.62%), spathulenol (10.08%), caryophylline oxide (9.93%), (E)-caryophylene (9.21%), and pogostol (6.31%). The phosphomolybdenum complex method showed positive results. The minimum inhibitory concentration was greater than 1000 μg/mL for the tested microorganisms. The mortality rate of Artemia salina was low. The tested cancer cell lines showed an IC50 of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL. These findings indicate that the essential oil of Cantinoa althaeifolia has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities.

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