scholarly journals THE INVESTIGATION OF THE PENETRATION OF MICROELEMENTS OF A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT IN CRUCIAN MEAT BY VARIOUS METHODS OF SALTING

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Golovko ◽  
T. Golovko ◽  
A. Pak ◽  
L. Krykunenko
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chelate Complex ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Epr Signal ◽  
Kinetics Of

The expediency of improving the technological methods of processing unprofitable small fish and expanding the range of food products from them is substantiated. It is proposed to enrich the meat of freshwater fish with trace elements by adding to salt or brine during the salting of raw materials dietary supplements based on chelate complexes. The kinetics of penetration of micronutrients of a dietary supplement based on a chelate complex into the muscle tissue of crucian carp was studied by electronic paramagnetic resonance. The ambassador was held in three ways. According to the first dry method of salting, the fish was mixed with sodium chloride NaCl with the addition of a dietary supplement based on a chelate complex in the amount of 20… 25% and 0.1% by weight of raw materials, respectively. According to the second brine method, the fish was salted in brine, which was a solution of sodium chloride NaCl in the amount of 2 kg of salt per 1 kg of raw material. The amount of dietary supplement based on the chelate complex was 0.1% by weight of raw materials. According to the third method, the ambassador was carried out in brine with the same concentrations of sodium chloride and dietary supplements, but previously the fish raw materials were treated with ultrasound. Salting of fish was carried out for 6 days. The distribution of Mn ions in the plane (i, j) is investigated. The kinetics of the penetration of a microelement into the volume of crucian muscle tissue was studied by the EPR method. The kinetics of Mn2 + ion distribution in the studied muscle tissue samples and the tomogram of these surfaces were determined. The values of the area under the EPR spectra are normalized to the values of the area under the maximum EPR signal. For the maximum EPR signal for dry pickling, the signal from the liquid in which the raw material was during salting, and during the brine - the signal from the brine sample was selected. It is noted that the kinetics of penetration of the trace element is determined by the area of contact of the raw material with diffusing substances and the method of intensification of the internal transfer of these substances within the raw material. It was found that for brine and brine with pre-sonication, the amount of trace element in the depth of the crucian muscle tissue differs within the error. This indicates the homogeneity of the distribution of the trace element of the dietary supplement based on the chelate complex by such methods of salting.

Research of drying kinetics of prepared wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Khomichak ◽  
◽  
Inha Kuznietsova ◽  
Svetlana Vysotska ◽  
Sergiy Tkachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Kinetic Dependence ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Kinetics Of

Introduction. Processing of grain raw material with influence on starch or albumens by application of heat treatment creates the variety of functional properties of a product and is perspective in the modern terms vital functions of man. Research methods and methods. The flour obtained from wheat of the Ascanian wheat and from wheat of the soft varieties: Sophia ("sweet wheat"), Blond (soft) and Chornobrova (enriched with micro- and macronutrients) were used in the study. Thermal modification of flour samples was carried out in a convective manner. The control sample for determining the quality indicators is obtained in industrial conditions, extruded wheat flour produced by LLC "AS groups, LTD". Research results. The obtained kinetic dependence shows the gradual loss of moisture standards with different speed which accordingly influences on duration of drying. The moisture content of the drying agent most affects the intensity at the initial stage of the constant drying rate. With an increase in the moisture content of the coolant, the period of constant drying increases and the amount of evaporated moisture increases during this period. With the subsequent removal of moisture from raw materials, the degree of influence of this parameter on the intensity decreases. The nature of the drying curves is the same and the recommended process for obtaining modified flour is the process duration of 300 minutes or 5 hours. It was determined microscopically, that the samples of dried wheat flour have a purpose and are partially destroyed by starch granules and amorphization of biocomposite materials. Based on the data on the kinetics of drying flour samples, the kinetic coefficients and values of the critical moisture content for drying wheat flour were calculated, which is 1.18-1.30 %. It was determined that for the sensorial indicators the obtained samples have indicators characteristic of the varietal characteristics of wheat, from which the flour was taken. In terms of physical and chemical parameters, the modified wheat flour samples are not inferior to the well-known industrial sample of extruded flour. Conclusions. Use of flour, obtained from the wheat with different correlation of amilose and amylopectin, positively influences on a technological process and allows to extend the assortment of modified starch products, and accordingly, food products. Kinetics of the convective drying standards of the flour is investigated. Researches showed that a it is physically modified flour obtained from the different sorts of the soft wheat is not inferior in quality to the extruded wheat flour.

scholarly journals Determination of Synephrine in Bitter Orange Raw Materials, Extracts, and Dietary Supplements by Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection: Single-Laboratory Validation

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C Roman ◽  
Joseph M Betz ◽  
Jana Hildreth
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Bitter Orange ◽  
Amine Content ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Single Laboratory

Abstract A method has been developed to quantify synephrine in bitter orange raw material, extracts, and dietary supplements. Single-laboratory validation has been performed on the method to determine the repeatability, accuracy, selectivity, limit of detection/limit of quantification (LOQ), ruggedness, and linearity for p-synephrine and 5 other biogenic amines: octopamine, phenylephrine (m-synephrine), tyramine, N-methyltyramine, and hordenine, which may be present in bitter orange. p-Synephrine was found to be the primary biogenic amine present in all materials tested, accounting for >80 of the total biogenic amine content in all samples except a finished product. Repeatability precision for synephrine was between 1.48 and 3.55 RSD. Synephrine recovery was between 97.5 and 104. The minor alkaloids were typically near the LOQ of the method (300900 g/g) in the test materials, and between-day precision for the minor compounds was poor because interferences could sometimes be mistakenly identified as one of the minor analytes. Recoveries of the minor components ranged from 99.1 to 103 at approximately 6000 g/g spike level, to 90.7 to 120 at 300 g/g spike level.

Investigation of Hydrometallurgical Processing of Titanomagnetite Ore Enrichment Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 1115-1120
Author(s):  
E.S. Makhotkina ◽  
M.V. Shubina ◽  
I.G. Shubin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Magnetite Ore ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Vanadium Extraction ◽  
Extraction Degree

In the article the negative impact of titano-magnetite ore enrichment waste on the environment and the possibility of its use as vanadium-containing raw materials are overviewed. The chemical and mineralogical composition features of various samples of the Kusinsky deposit titanomagnetite ore tails are presented. Different combinations of their roasting processes (with and without salt additives, with oxides, carbonates, or their compositions) and leaching processes (with water or acid) during hydrometallurgical processing were analyzed.The experiment results on the extraction of vanadium in the form of soluble vanadates from the titanomagnetite ore tails by leaching from samples subjected to roasting with soda ash, sodium sulfate, calcium oxide, and sodium chloride in various mass ratios are presented. The significant influence of ore sample chemical composition on the vanadium extraction degree was revealed. It was revealed that for this type of vanadium raw material additives of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate are most preferable from the vanadium extraction degree point of view.

scholarly journals Method for the Determination of β-Carotene in Supplements and Raw Materials by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: Single Laboratory Validation

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Schierle ◽  
Bernd Pietsch ◽  
Alan Ceresa ◽  
Christian Fizet ◽  
Edward H Waysek
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Single Laboratory ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract A single laboratory validation (SLV) study was conducted for a liquid chromatography (LC) method for the determination of total and all-trans-β-carotene in a variety of dietary supplements, including multivitamin tablets, softgels, capsules, and beadlet raw materials. Extraction variants were developed for the different types of supplements tested based upon the supplement type and level of β-carotene. Water dispersible formulations such as powders, emulsions, tablets, and capsules were enzymatically digested with protease and extracted with dichloromethane–ethanol. Oily suspensions were directly dissolved in dichloromethane–ethanol. After appropriate dilution or concentration, the extracts were chromatographed by using either a reversed-phase C18 column or, in products containing high amounts of α-carotene, a reversed-phase C30 column. The LC systems provided linear responses in the range of 0.1–50 μg β-carotene/mL. The main geometrical isomers of β-carotene (all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis, and 15-cis) were well separated from each other and from other carotenoids such as α-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin. Duplicate determinations of total β-carotene performed by 2 technicians in 8 different test materials on 5 different days resulted in relative standard deviations of 1.2–4.4%. Recoveries determined for supplements and beadlet raw material spiked with β-carotene levels of 10 μg to 100 mg/test portion and 0.2–40%, respectively, ranged from 97.5 to 102.1%. On the basis of the accuracy, precision, and recovery results from the SLV study, the method is suggested for a collaborative study on the determination of total and all-trans-β-carotene in dietary supplements.

scholarly journals Kinetics of the drying process of fermented wheat raw materials in a vibratory boiling layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
S. T. Antipov ◽  
V. V. Toroptsev ◽  
A. N. Martekha ◽  
A. A. Berestovoy ◽  
I. S. Yurova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Specific Load ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Boiling Layer ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Kinetics Of

The analysis of the influence of the main factors on the kinetics of the drying process of fermented wheat raw materials in a vibro-boiling layer is presented. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of the main technological parameters on the kinetics of the drying process of fermented wheat raw materials in a vibrating boiling overflowing layer at atmospheric pressure. The main factors affecting the drying process were selected: the temperature of the drying agent supplied to the dryer, the speed of the drying agent, the vibration amplitude of the gas distribution shelves, the vibration frequency of the gas distribution shelves. The influence of temperature and air velocity on the drying process of raw materials, the influence of the amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the gas distribution grid on the kinetics of the drying process of the fermented product, as well as the influence of the specific load of the product on the process of moisture removal are shown An analysis of the curves shows that with an increase in the amplitude of the oscillation, it reduces the drying time, and an increase in the frequency of oscillation of the shelves contributes to a decrease in the drying time. In this case, a uniform increase in the drying intensity is observed over the entire range of the amplitudes considered. An increase in the oscillation frequency of the gas distribution grid also helps to reduce the duration of the drying process of fermented wheat raw materials. It should be noted that the amplitude of the oscillations more strongly affects the decrease in the drying time of the raw material than the frequency Thus, we concluded that in the intervals under study the changes in the amplitude and frequency of vibrations of perforated shelves on the drying process of fermented wheat raw materials are more strongly affected by the amplitude of vibrations. In addition, when choosing vibration parameters, the specific load of the material on the grate and its initial humidity should be taken into account..

scholarly journals KINETICS OF GRINDING OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS DURING ELECTRIC DISCHARGE EXTRACTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Valery T. Kazub ◽  
Maria K. Kosheleva ◽  
Stanislav P. Rudobashta
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Extraction Chamber ◽  
Kinetics Of

The influence of the degree of grinding of the particles of growing raw materials during electric discharge extraction on the quality of the obtained extracts was studied. Each discharge during electro-discharge extraction contributes to the grinding of a part of the raw material, which is confirmed by granulometric analysis. The particle size of the raw material should be controlled, since excessive grinding of the extracts results in cloudy, difficult to clarify and poorly filtered. The design of the extraction chamber is proposed, in which the grounded electrode is made in the form of a perforated plate, called a false bottom, with the optimal size of the holes and their density, which eliminates the over-grinding of the raw material particles, which leads to the production of turbid and difficult-to-filter extracts. Since the extraction of raw materials is carried out at a certain ratio of solid-liquid phases, the volume of the chamber from the sieve to the bottom does not significantly affect the kinetics of the extraction process itself, since it is intended for collecting the smallest particles of processed raw materials, the mass of which does not exceed 15-16% of the loaded mass of raw materials. The device of the extraction chamber, due to the high turbulence and intensive mixing of the suspension under the action of cavitation and shock waves initiated by the discharge in the liquid, allows you to remove small particles of raw materials less than 1 mm in size from the working area of the chamber. The results of the study show that the extraction of target components from various raw materials using a chamber with a false bottom can significantly reduce the content of the smallest particles of raw materials in the extract. It facilitates the filtration of the extract, reduces the filtration time, significantly reduces the likelihood of turbidity of the solution due to suspension, which improves the quality of the extract. Experimental studies of the developed electric discharge chamber with a false bottom, conducted with various types of plant raw materials, confirm the effectiveness of extraction in the chamber of the proposed design.

Role of alkanolamines in ordinary and alternative cement systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovico Mascarin ◽  
Luca Valentini ◽  
Maria Chiara Dalconi ◽  
Enrico Garbin ◽  
Gilberto Artioli
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Hydration Kinetics ◽  
Calcium Complexes ◽  
Kinetics Of

<p>Ordinary cement resulting from the reaction of a calcium aluminosilicate-rich powder plus water works as binding matrix in modern concrete. The design of alternative binders is currently a global challenge in order to reduce the environmental footprint associated to the ordinary cement production. Alkali-activated calcined clay materials (AAccMs) represent a class of sustainable binders made of the blending of a concentrated alkaline solution and a solid fraction with thermally treated phyllosilicates. Metakaolin produced by the heat treatment at temperatures between 550-900°C of kaolinite, has long fascinated the scientific community for its high reactivity at high-pH stage. However, the higher costs of commercial metakaolin push towards the use of locally available low-purity kaolinitic soils, such as laterite covers, as potential raw materials to produce low-CO<sub>2</sub> cements with the benefit of reducing the cost of feedstock transportation.</p><p>The work is focused on the role of triethanolamine (TEA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA) on the reaction kinetics of ordinary cement pastes and AAccMs, the latter with different aluminosilicate reactive fraction and degree of purity. TEA and TIPA are tertiary alkanolamines with a developed molecular structure. It has been assessed that low equal dosages of alkanolamines introduced in advance to the mixing water for cement hydration can act on the setting time and the degree of cement reaction. These chemical compounds, and above all TIPA, are recognized as iron-chelating agents that can increase the dissolution rate of ferric ions from the ferroaluminate phase of cement and promote their complexation. Moreover, alkanolamines can also form water-soluble calcium-complexes that may influence the hydration kinetics of calcium-silicate phases and the precipitation of hydrates in the binder microstructure.</p><p>The raw and the reacted materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the kinetic pathways are followed with the aid of a semi-adiabatic calorimetry. The dissolution-precipitation steps of hydration in aqueous and alkaline solutions are subsequently simulated. Ordinary cement is used to clarify the role of alkanolamines as hardening accelerators. Afterwards, the kinetics of alkali-based pastes of high-purity metakaolin and a Fe-rich laterite, both blended with waste marble powder, are compared with the aim of assessing the formation of calcium-complexes in solution and any change in the kinetics due to the presence of iron in the raw material. Mechanical strength tests are performed to make clear the beneficial or detrimental effect of TEA and TIPA on the materials.</p>

Method for the Determination of Lycopene in Supplements and Raw Material by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: Single-Laboratory Validation

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1284-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Müller ◽  
Bernd Pietsch ◽  
Nicole Faccin ◽  
Joseph Schierle ◽  
Edward H Waysek
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Product Forms ◽  
Single Laboratory

Abstract A single-laboratory validation study was conducted for a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the determination of total and all-trans-lycopene in a variety of dietary supplements and raw materials. Gelatin-based and other water-dispersible beadlets, or tablets, capsules, and softgels containing such product forms, were digested with protease. Alginate formulations and the respective applications were treated with an alkaline sodium EDTA acetate buffer to release lycopene from the matrix. Lycopene and other carotenoids were extracted from the resulting aqueous suspensions with dichloromethane and ethanol. Oily product forms were directly dissolved in dichloromethane and ethanol. The extracts were chromatographed on an isocratic high-performance LC system using a C16 alkylamide modified silica column that provided satisfactory resolution of all-trans-lycopene from its predominant cis-isomers and separated the lycopene isomers from other carotenoids such as - and -carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin. The within-day precision relative standard deviation (RSD) for the determination of total lycopene ranged from 0.9 to 5.7 over concentration ranges of 50200 g/kg for raw materials and 0.324 g/kg for dietary supplements. The intermediate precision RSD (total RSD) ranged from 0.8 to 8.9. Recoveries obtained for beadlet and tablet material for the different extraction variants ranged from 95.0 to 102.1 at levels of 0.0220 g/kg for tablets and from 95.0 to 101.1 at levels of 1200 g/kg for beadlet material.

Trace Element Indicators of Fabrication Technology for Coral Red and Black Gloss Decoration on Greek Attic Pottery

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Walton ◽  
Karen Trentelman
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Red Color ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

AbstractLaser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-TOFMS) was used to study the trace element chemistry of coral red and black gloss slip decoration on Greek Attic pottery (6th century BC). The distribution of trace elements in the body fabric and glaze slips were found to be correlated suggesting the raw materials came from a single source. Furthermore, the so-called high calcium and magnesium (HCM) coral red was found to be a less refined material than black gloss, with trace element characteristics suggestive of a carbonate phase in the raw material. This carbonate component may have imparted refractory properties to the HCM coral red slip material during the three-stage oxidative-reductive-oxidative firing used to produce Attic pottery, allowing it to remain porous and re-oxidize during the final firing step, thus creating its final red color. The so-called low calcium and magnesium (LCM) coral red, on the other hand, was found to be more refined than the HCM coral red slip which suggests that two separate firings would have been needed to produce the red color of this material.

Effect of Processing on Fumonisin Concentration in Corn Flakes

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNALISA DE GIROLAMO ◽  
MICHELE SOLFRIZZO ◽  
ANGELO VISCONTI
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sulfate Heptahydrate ◽  
Strong Anion Exchange ◽  
Corn Flake ◽  
Corn Flakes ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The Stability

The stability of fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 during processing of corn flakes was investigated with three different methods for analysis of the naturally contaminated raw material (corn flour), intermediate product (extruded, but not roasted corn flakes), and final product (roasted corn flakes). Only one method, using immunoaffinity column clean-up, provided reliable results in the determination of fumonisins in corn flake samples at the intermediate and final steps of processing. About 60 to 70% of the initial amount of fumonisins were lost during the entire cycle of corn flake processing, with less than 30% losses occurring during the intermediate extrusion step (70 to 170°C for 2 to 5 min). The effect of different additives commonly present in commercial products (sodium chloride, sucrose, and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate) on the reliability of fumonisin analysis has also been investigated. The presence of sodium chloride strongly reduced fumonisin recovery when strong anion-exchange (SAX) columns were used for the clean-up step, whereas the other additives appeared to have little or no effect on the accuracy of fumonisin analysis. The use of reliable analytical methods that are effective for both raw materials and processed products is of paramount relevance for studying the effect of food processing on mycotoxin-contaminated commodities. Despite the fact that some effective fumonisin decontamination occurring during corn flake processing has been shown, more work is needed to identify the thermal breakdown products of fumonisins and their relevant toxicity.

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