scholarly journals Semantics of Enmity: Aggressive Subject Naming in Modern Internet Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-90
Author(s):  
Larisa Rebrina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Subject

The article presents research results, and highlights the peculiarities of hostile-minded subject naming in Internet communication in the 21 st century. The composition of the paradigmatic subset under consideration is determined, its internal structure, word-formation features, semantics, syntagmatics and functioning of constituents are characterized. The research is carried out through purposeful sampling, semantic, definitional, contextual analysis, some aspects of motivational, word-formation and syntactic analysis, quantitative method. It is shown, that the majority of the new names are borrowed from the English language and derived from Anglicisms. Mental and linguistic representation of a hostile subject reflects such parameters as: the verbal / nonverbal nature of the subject's actions; animate / inanimate object of hostility; the membership of the subject and object of hostility of a certain group; obligatory / optional allies of the subject; the degree of the subjects emotional involvement; the purpose of the actions / needs of the subject. The studied designations differ in the frequency of use in the described network communicative practices and are used to characterize the corresponding phenomenon or class of subjects, a particular member of the Internet community; for the speakers self-presentation; as an evaluative appeal. There is a tendency to romanticize certain classes of the named aggressive subjects. The emergence of new designations of a hostile subject and their functioning are determined by the turn towards intensification, intellectualization, integration and internationalization.

scholarly journals ON THE CHANGE OF VALUES OF POSTNOMINATIVE APPENDICES IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION IN THE MODERN ENGLISH

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil M. Radjabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Altered Form ◽  
The Given ◽  
Informative Element

Article deals with the changes of the meanings of the post nominal adjectives in the process of transformation in the modern English language. On the basis of the linguoculturological approach and the method of linguistic analysis, the characteristic features of the change in the meanings of post-nominative adjectives in the English language have been revealed. In the English language the adjectives can perform the function of predicative. For the semantics of the adjectives which have the predicative function, these adjectives are characterized by inner qualitative diversity. Mainly, qualitative adjectives refer to classical predication and denote the feature of the object directly. Such adjectives have more features of predication. The predicative sign of the adjective, the presence of a connotation of subjective assessment determines its semantics and use. There are differences between the constructions used in the predicate function in phrases that perform the function of the subject and in the altered form of word phrases related attributively and predicatively. The predicative relation is the immunest form of syntactic connection and in predicative connectives the structural restriction in comparison with attributive constructions is extremely limited. Adjectives as predicative words do not have denotation and reference, they have no denoter, there is a signification. Basing on their indicative characteristics, it is possible to present all the possible semantic features. For the English language it is characteristic the use of the attribute before the defined word. The development from a special sign of thought to a general concept is characteristic for the whole structure of the English language; it is even possible to observe it in word formation. In most cases, taking into account the use of the adjective in the function of an attribute, the terms like postpositional (post nominal) and prepositional (prenominal) adjectives are used. The reasons for the change in the position of adjectives should be sought not always in the nature of the adjective, but in the degree to which it determines its referent. The semes that make up the meaning of the word are at different levels and are more or less stable. In adjectives, the nuclear seme, or subseme, is always found next to the differential seme. In other words, the adjective cannot be combined with nouns in all semantic groups. When an adjective is combined with a noun, a background is formed that allows or prevents the actualization of a particular seme. This causes the activation of a specific seme associated with the semantics of the given name in combination with the given name. Such semes are reflected in the join semantics. The opposite can also be said. The adjective itself chooses the noun for word formation. After all, the same adjective behaves differently in relation to transformation into different attributive complexes. In our opinion, adjectives act as an important restrictive informative element at the content level.

scholarly journals Formation of the English-language neologisms as a result of lexical and semantic nominations

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Nataliia Alexandrovna Kameneva
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Online News ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Long Period ◽  
News Websites ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Complex Words

This article is dedicated to the formation of English-language neologisms as a result of lexical and semantic nomination. The object of this research is the changes in the lexical system of modern English language based on the analysis of media and online publications. The subject of this research is the methods of formation of neologisms in the late XX and early XXI centuries. The author determines the most common methods of the formation neologisms in digital periodicals, online news websites, forums and blogs. Analysis is conducted on such methods of word formation as affixation, conversion, formation of complex words, shortening and hybridization, abbreviation, etc. It is noted that the majority of neologisms result from lexical nomination. The goal of this article lies in analysis of the formation of neologisms used in the English lexicon for a long period of time, and thus have acquired a certain official standing. Such lexical innovations have been included or are in the process of being included into the official English language. An attempt is made to reveal the key features of methods of formation of neologisms, which are of primary importance for the communicative and social activity in their broadest sense. Majority of neologisms in the language, which is over 70%, result from the lexical methods of word formation; while the share of neologisms formed via semantic derivation is only a few percent of the total number of lexical innovations.

COVID-19: On the Peculiarities of Lexical Neoplasms Emerged During the Coronavirus Pandemic (Based on the English Language Material)

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
O. Polonskaya ◽  
Ya. Polonskaya
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Subject

The proliferation of new words and phrases accompanying the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has led to new lexical and sociolinguistic changes that have become part of our lives. The present study attempts to examine the nature of new English words and expressions that emerged after the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the type of word-formation processes that contributed to the emergence of these neologisms in English. The problem is that the emergence of a large number of neologisms associated with the COVID 19 pandemic creates difficulties when translating and applying them in speech. The object of the study is neologisms that appeared during the period of the COVID pandemic in the English language in 2020-2021. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the formation of neologisms in modern English. The relevance of this work is conditioned by the need to study the new vocabulary that appears in speech due to the changes taking place in modern society under the influence of globalization. Language reflects today's changes as a global and unprecedented phenomenon, the memory of which will remain in history. Lexical neoplasms emerged during the pandemic period allow people to be versed in what is happening, regulate relationships and adapt to new living conditions.

scholarly journals Blending: A brief history of misconception

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Streltsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Word Play ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

The article considers the main aspects of word-fusion, which is a means of word-building that has become popular in the last few decades. As a result, many scientific papers appeared whose authors are quite often not familiar with each other’s findings. That is why we aimed to highlight the major challenging aspects as well as little-known aspects of word-fusion and to present the main results obtained by researchers. We have shown that word-fusion has been in use at least since the 16th century, and not only in the English language. Now words derived according to the pattern are found in many languages of Continental Europe (German, French, Italian, etc.) and presumably existed in some languages, that are now extinct. There is a considerable number of literature on the subject that first appeared in the early 20th century, whereas in this country it happened half a century later. However, there were no less than ten theses, defended by Soviet and Russian linguists indicating a relatively high level of scrutiny. Nowadays, practically everyone recognizes the fact, that word-fusion is a separate productive word-building means used not only for word-play but also for term-building, and nomination of new objects and phenomena, mostly hybrid ones. As far as there is still no universally accepted term for the word-formation means in question, we propose “blending” which is mostly used by foreign and many Russian scholars, or “word-fusion” which is brief and semantically transparent.

The concept of definiteness and its lexical-grammatical representation in the modern English-language scientific discourse

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Elena Victorovna Tymchuk ◽  
Lyudmila Anatolyevna Gamayeva
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Universal Nature

The subject of this research is the concept of definiteness and its lexical-grammatical representation in the scientific discourse of the modern English language. The author notes the universal nature of this concept, since it is a crucial component of communication in any culture, any human society. It was always important for the one who talks and the one who listens to indicate the objects of physical and mental world associated with the world of their things and notions. It is underlined that the development of society and transition from the communal to egocentric perception of the world changed the understanding of the concept of “definiteness”. The novelty of this this research consists in a specific articulation of the scientific problem. The concept of definiteness is viewed within the English scientific discourse, taking into account the crucial facts of lexical-grammatical implementation of this concept in other cognate languages. It is concluded that the changes in the concept of “definiteness” substantiated the peculiarities of the use of positive articles in the modern English-language scientific discourse, and also contributed to the widespread use of the zero article. The methodological framework is comprised of the methods of linguistic research: comparative-historical and comparative analysis; as well as methods of lexical-semantic and syntactic analysis of texts from the English-language scientific discourse.

scholarly journals AN INQUIRY INTO THE PROCESSES OF LEXICAL EXPANSION IN CURRENT ENGLISH

Verbum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Roma Kriaučiūnienė ◽  
Vilija Sangailaitė
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Words ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Forming Tools ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The current paper focuses on the study of novel lexical items, i. e. the processes involved in the making of new words, in order to discover which methods contribute to the expansion of the current English lexicon. The research is based on the new words coined since 2004 which are included in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Online (ensuring that the items in the sample cover various semantic fields, are of diverse origins, and all are already accepted into the working vocabulary). Two objectives are completed to explore the subject and achieve its aim: 1) to establish the concept of new words and to overview the processes of lexical expansion in the English language, and 2) to determine which methods are employed and which are absent in the creation of new words in current English by analyzing the novel lexical items retrieved from the OED Online. Quantitative and qualitative methods are applied in this study. The results indicate that the concept of new words is not straightforward in the English language. More often than not, the terms neologisms and new words are used synonymously to refer to recent, novel lexical items recognized and used by the language community. English has an extensive inventory of word-forming tools classified into these distinct categories: word-formation, semantic change, borrowing, and other; each further subdivided into various processes. Overall, the subtypes of word-formation – derivation, shortening and compounding – are used the most in the creation of recent additions to the lexicon. Predominantly, the findings are consistent with the tendencies of lexical expansion observed in previous studies.

scholarly journals Semantic and motivational characteristics of enmity vocabulary: the relevance of structural motivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
L.N. Rebrina
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Individual Motivation ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relevant Word ◽  
Form Type ◽  
The Russian Language

The object of the research includes the actual designations of the subject with the semantics of enmity, formed with the active foreign language word-formation components, functioning in Russian-language online media and Internet communication in 2000-2020. The approaches used include system-centric and text-centric, semasiological and onomasiological approaches, motivational, definitional, functional-semantic and contextual analysis. It analyses the syntagmatics, semantics, word's inner form, type of motivation, motivational form and meaning, motivational and classification features, lexical and structural motivators, ways of discursive actualising the motivational relations of the studied words. It is shown that selected lexical units with the component –phobe, -phrenic, - saur, -down, -hater, -oid, -oholik, -path, -man, -(e)rast belong to the vocabulary of enmity depending on their significative or pragmatic component, implement a negative assessment of intellectual, psychological, moral qualities of the subject. The actual vectors of developing the nominal vocabulary of enmity in the Russian language are determined by integration, intensification, internationalization, intensification. The relevant word-forming tendencies in the studied group of nouns are highlighted – the frequency of word composition, non-usual ways of word formation, nominations by analogy, the increasing role of onyms, the activity of word-forming components with a negative rating. It is demonstrated that motivational relations of lexemes are discursively implemented through the actualization of lexical and structural motivation, the paradigmatic value of lexemes, the subjective modality that the addressee uses, his/her individual motivation of words.

scholarly journals Improving Students' Interest by Using Matching Card Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Sonya Damayanthi ◽  
Maulidhan Agyansyah
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Class Discussion ◽  
Student Writing ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Short Answer ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Learning English

There are so many words in English. Learning these words is a big problem for students of English. However, there are ways to solve this problem. One way is to become familiar with the process of word formation. This process enables students to understand how a word is formed. This analysisis in important and use ful to learn because they are very commonly used in English. Developing some skills in taking words apart will help students better understand what they read, what the meaning of a word, and finally increase students' interest. The purposes of this research are to find out wheter using matching card media can improve students interest in learning english and what the students responses. The subject of this research was class XI Slb ; which consisted of 8 students. This research was done in two cycles. The researcher used short answer tests, observation checklist tables, and field notes as the tools of collecting data. The research finding showed that the students interest to learning english language improved   the first cycle to the last cycle. The result of the students 70 %  improved their  interest , improved their in speaking  40%, improved student writing 70%,  recognize word formation and matching card process 70%,  participate in class discussion 25%, and get better class attendance. From the result above, the-writers believe that matcing card is very use ful to improve students' intererst and has positive impact towards the students learning process.

Conquer and Score: A Word Formation Game for Language Learners

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Anealka Aziz Hussin ◽  
Tuan Sarifah Aini Syed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Learning Path ◽  
Derivational Morphemes ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Formation Game

Engaging students in language activities can sometimes be challenging for language educators. One of the ways to engage students in language activities is through language games. Language games can motivate students to communicate, strengthens their ability to comprehend the language and enhance their problem-solving and cognitive skills. Language games also have a vast potential to increase engagement of the students, thus lead to the creation of the Conquer & Score: The Derivational Island. It is a word formation enrichment game catering to students learning lexicology and linguistics. The topic was chosen based on the result of an online quiz on the types of morphemes. The game focuses on the derivational morphemes used to form the English language words. The game requires knowledge of morphology as well as basic lexical analysis skills. The game provides educators a fun and engaging reinforcement activity for the students. Gamification elements used in the game such as rewards, flexible learning path and progress indicator offer a safe environment for competition, which can motivate students to outdo each other to win the game. This paper also highlights some important aspects of games in learning.

PUBLISHING PATTERNS IN SPECIALIST ACCOUNTING HISTORY JOURNALS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 1996–1999

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry D. Carnegie ◽  
Brad N. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
English Language ◽  
Time Span ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The Subject

While accounting researchers have explored international publishing patterns in the accounting literature generally, little is known about recent contributions to the specialist international accounting history journals. Specifically, this study surveys publishing patterns in the three specialist, internationally refereed, accounting history journals in the English language during the period 1996 to 1999. The survey covers 149 contributions in total and provides empirical evidence on the location of their authors, the subject country or region in each investigation, and the time span of each study. It also classifies the literature examined based on the literature classification framework provided by Carnegie and Napier [1996].

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