scholarly journals Contribution of Moscow University to the Development of Schools in the Moscow School District in the Early 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Julija Gracheva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School District ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
School Officials ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
The University

Introduction. The article explores the role of Moscow University in the formation and development of secondary and primary education institutions. One of the main means of university control of schools was a number of professors’ visits. Methods and materials. The author applies the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. For the first time, systematic reports from visitors and reports of trustees of the Moscow school district for the period 1803–1811 stored in the Russian State Historical Archive are used as the main sources for the history of visits. Analysis. Inspection of high schools and district schools of the district was carried out by professors annually. Visitors were appointed by the University Council at the suggestion of the trustee. The main purpose of such trips was to control the economic and education life of schools. After return, they provided the university authorities with review journals, on the basis of which school officials were awarded or dismissed. The visitors were present as deputies from the university at solemn celebrations dedicated to opening or transforming education institutions. According to the visitors, the main obstacle to increasing the number of education institutions in the Moscow school district was the unsatisfactory condition of a large part of school houses and the lack of capable teachers. This slowed down the pace of converting small public schools into county schools and required additional funds and donations from the local population. Results. Analysis of visitor reports allows us to prove that the professors were attentive to the tasks set for them, tried to visit every education institution located in the provinces they inspected. Visiting trips attracted the attention of the provincial and district authorities, as well as local residents to the needs of education institutions.

scholarly journals “A Superior Kind of Working Woman”: The Contested Meaning of Vocational Education for Girls in Progressive Era Chicago

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-410
Author(s):  
Ruby Oram
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
School Officials ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
New School ◽  
Club Women ◽  
History Of

AbstractProgressive Era school officials transformed public education in American cities by teaching male students trades like foundry, carpentry, and mechanics in classrooms outfitted like factories. Historians have demonstrated how this “vocational education movement” was championed by male administrators and business leaders anxious to train the next generation of expert tradesmen. But women also hoped vocational education could prepare female students for industrial careers. In the early twentieth century, members of the National Women’s Trade Union League demanded that public schools open trade programs to female students and teach future working women the history of capitalism and the philosophy of collective bargaining. Their ambitious goals were tempered by some middle-class reformers and club women who argued vocational programs should also prepare female students for homemaking and motherhood. This article uses Chicago as a case study to explore how Progressive Era women competed and collaborated to reform vocational education for girls, and how female students responded to new school programs designed to prepare them for work both in and outside the home.

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN FREE UNIVERSITY IN GERMANY DURING THE DP PERIOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Halyna Klynova-Datsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Education Institution ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Year

The article deals with the activities of the Ukrainian Free University in Germany (UFU) during the DP period (1945–1952). The process of resumption of the UFU operation is described. The initiator of this case was the last rector of the University of Prague and historian Vadym Shcherbakіvsky. Well-known scientists Dmytro Doroshenko, Petro Kurinny, Ivan Mirchuk, Panteleimon Kovaliv and others supported his initiative. It is noted that the Bavarian authorities and the American occupation were positive about the resumption of the university. The educational process in the higher education institution began in the summer semester of 1946. The structure of the Ukrainian Free University in Germany had two faculties: philosophy from the departments of philosophy and pedagogy, philology (Ukrainian, classical, and Slavic), history, geography, archeology, ethnology and art sciences, as well as law and socio-economic sciences from various departments. It is stated that the most active in the functioning of the university was the 1947–1948 academic year. As 492 students were educated and 95 teachers worked, a significant amount of educational literature was published. The university charter of 1948, which was the basic document regulating the functioning of the institution and giving it the right to broad autonomy and free publication, is also analyzed. The article also proves that in addition to educational work in the UFU, a publishing business was developed. Among the publications of the university was mainly educational literature, in particular textbooks for students (scripts), which were printed in cyclostyle. In order to inform students about the content of academic disciplines, the number of lectures, seminars, practical classes, lecture programs were published. To facilitate the study of educational material, university teachers issued lecture notes. Among such publications are lectures by M. Andrusiak “History of the Cossacks”, I. Mirchuk “Introduction to Philosophy”, V. Kubiyovych “Geography of Ukraine” and others. The UFU played an important role in preserving the national and cultural identity of the Ukrainian people and consolidating the Ukrainian scientific forces in exile.

scholarly journals The role of the administration of the Kazan Educational District in the school policy of tsarism in towards of muslim tatars (second half of the 19h – beginning of the 20th centuries)

2021 ◽  
pp. 769-779
Author(s):  
Chulpan Khamitovna Samatova ◽  
Ruslan Rustamovich Ibragimov ◽  
Aivaz Minnegosmanovich Fazliev
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School District ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
District Administration

The paper is devoted to the study of the Kazan school district administration activities during one of the key periods in the Russian state history: the period of its socio-economic and political transformation. Liberal reforms of Alexander I, conservative course of Alexander III, revolutionary events of the early 20th century: all the peripetias of these epochs are reflected in the autocracy's policy on Tatar-Muslim schooling. The authors of the paper revealed the historical circumstances concerning establishment of the Kazan educational district, demonstrate its structure and place in the hierarchy of public education system structures available in the Russian Empire, trace the evolution of its functions, goals and objectives in a close relationship with the socio-economic and political processes in the country. The multi-confessional and multi-ethnic character of the population of the educational district considered in the paper is underlined. The authors focus on the activities of the tutors of the Kazan school district, who not only implemented the policy of the autocracy regarding the school education of Tatars-Muslims, but also submitted proposals to the higher authorities to improve the above mentioned policy. The place and role of Tatar, Bashkir and Kirghiz school inspectors, directors of public schools, and other officials in the implementation of the school policy regarding Muslim peoples are thoroughly analysed. The authors' conclusions are based on extensive archival sources.

scholarly journals Periodisation as an Approach in Historiographic Research in Mathematics Teaching: Reflections on Two Case Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-101
Author(s):  
Fernando Luis de Rosso ◽  
Alexandre Ausani Huff ◽  
Rossano André Dal-Farra ◽  
Arno Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Background: The study of the history of mathematics teaching can be approached from different perspectives, defining contours from which the researcher performs the analysis focused on a process characterised by continuity, or by adopting periodisation. Objective: In this article, we seek to conduct a study based on the delimitation of periods, according to Le Goff’s (2014) argument, and in the light of the depth hermeneutics, based on Thompson (2011). Design: Given the premises above, we conducted a documentary analysis of two historical processes within the scope of mathematics teaching, one focusing on the municipal public schools of Canoas, and the other on a technical course in chemistry of a school in the city of Novo Hamburgo, both in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Setting and participants: A timeline with conspicuous events used to periodicise both historical processes analysed by the authors. Data collection and analysis: Analysis of documents relevant to the history of the technical school investigated and education in the municipality of Canoas. Results:  In both cases, it was possible to characterise the historical processes in periods based on events and official documents that generate changes in mathematics teaching. Conclusions: The historical processes analysed are characterised by ruptures resulting from changes, especially in the legislation, both in the municipal public network and in the technical education institution researched, enabling the realisation of changes and the characterisation of distinct periods, with their nuances.

Teacher Education in México

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund T. Hamann ◽  
Juan Sánchez García ◽  
Yara Amparo López López
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Teachers Union ◽  
History Of Teacher Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Education In Mexico

While teaching and therefore teacher education in Mexico can, in one sense, be traced back to pre-Conquest Aztec military academies, the first significant expansion of Western-style schooling in Mexico occurred in the early 19th century, while the first substantial national efforts at teacher education date to the Porfiriato in the late 19th century. In the 100-plus-year history of teacher education in Mexico, attention has been episodic, has often reflected national refractions of ideas originating elsewhere, and has been centrally intertwined with national governmental efforts to shape what it means to be Mexican. Variously, teacher education has been buffeted by attempts to be Catholic, modern, secular, socialist, neoliberal, and globally competitive economically. In all of this, there has been a tension between centralist (focusing on Mexico City) and nationalist impulses, on the one hand (making teaching patriotic work and the teachers’ union part of the national government), and attention to regional variations, including Mexico’s indigenous populations, rural populations, and economic diversity, on the other. While Mexico’s more than two million teachers may all work in the same country, where one is trained (i.e., which escuela normal, or normal school), where one works (from public schools in affluent and stable neighborhoods to rural telesecundarias where resources are scarce and teachers are not expected to be content area experts), how many shifts one works (it is common for Mexican educators to work at more than one school to compensate for limited salary), which state one works in (funding varies significantly by state), and what in-service professional development one has access to all mean for variations in teacher preparation and teacher praxis.

Aleksei Kurbatov, Vasilii Tatishchev and the Testament of Ivan the Terrible of 1572

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-273
Author(s):  
Cornelia Soldat
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Literary Devices

AbstractThe only surviving copy of a Testament of Ivan the Terrible stems from the beginning of the 19th century with a watermark from 1805. In January 1822 the director of the Foreign Office's archive, Aleksei Malinovskii, sent the testament to the historian and novelist Nikolai Karamzin, who was working on his History of the Russian State, and who published it in the commentary to the ninth volume of the History. An analysis of Aleksei Kurbatov's and Vasilii Tatishchev's alledged authorship of the testament's preface and commentary leads to the conclusion that the testament displays the literary devices of a fictional text. The preface presents a story complete with the grammatically ambiguous signature ,,A. Kurbatova“, a host of conflicting dates and several lost copies of a lost original. The argument for Tatishchev's authorship rests solely on some peculiarities concerning the publications of his personal copy of the Sudebnik of 1550. The questions surrounding the testament are resolved easily when one takes into account the literary hints and regards the text as an early 19th-century mystification.

FORMATION OF THE CORPORATE STYLE OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Mekhribonu Kayumova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cultural Education ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
National Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The article deals with the problem of the formation of a corporate style among first-year students of the university. To solve this problem, the use of pedagogical strategies is proposed. Their implementation is aimed at uniting the collective spirit of society (group), as well as the awareness of each student of this need, not forgetting about national values, acceptance of the values and history of a higher educational institution, rational use of opportunities created for girls and women in the renewed UzbekistanKeywords:corporate culture, innovation, higher education institutions, corporate identityof female students, pedagogical strategies, cultural education area of higher education institution.

scholarly journals Archaeological Map of the Siberian Khanate: Dating and Interpretation Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Tataurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Dendrochronological Analysis ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Burial Grounds

Research objectives: Turkic-Tatar state formations have left significant tra­ces in the history of Western Siberia in the last 500 years. Due to their small number, the surviving written sources do not fully explain their state structure, borders, levels of production and development, etc. The way out of this situation may be the use of research materials from archaeological sites dated to the relevant time. Research materials: Many years of excavations of settlements, burial grounds, cities, and cult sites have provided significant material for the scholarly community, but up to the present there is a problem with their dating, and with correlation to specific khanates. To solve the question of dating of archaeological complexes of this time, it is proposed to use the method of dendrochronological analysis on the same scale, regarding materials, as that seen in the study of Tara – one of the first Russian cities in Siberia. Another way to determine the materials related to the Siberian Khanate is a study of the complexes of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries which belonged to Siberian Tatars. After the annexation of Siberia to the Russian state, the local population preserved its traditional culture for a long time, elements of which were formed during the period of existence in Turkic-Tatar state formations. Results and novelty of the research: This article offer approaches that allow one to single out several blocks of information – on fortifications, dwellings, ways of communication, weapons – which could become certain chronological repeaters for the Siberian Khanate. The conducted research allows us to both draw connections between several fortified complexes in Tara’s Cis-Irtysh region and to show the presence of a border line, consisting of several towns on the borders of the Siberian Khanate. Such an approach will allow us to identify and explore similar lines in other territories of this state formation.

scholarly journals Sentence Role in the Historical Discourse of the “Concise Russian Church History” of Metropolitan Platon (Levshin)

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Nikolay Solntsev
Keyword(s):  
Church History ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Methods

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of emergence of analytical conclusions in Russian historical science at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Based on the historiographical analysis of the text of “Concise Russian Church History” of Metropolitan Platon (Levshin) the author makes an attempt to demonstrate that scientific analytics is formed in the historical discourse through authors sentence, the deductive excursus created by the author in the process of making a text and providing the discovery of the pragmatic sense of the narrative. On the basis of the purpose of sentence in general text linguistics, the author makes an assumption that such a sentential generalization finds its way into the historical work of Metropolitan Platon through the orthodox homiletics, making the structure of authors narrative similar in a sense and purpose to a sermon. Methods. The research is based on the hermeneutic research method supplemented by the comparative historical and linguistic methods of text research. Applying the historiographical methods results in analyzing the sense and purpose of sentences in the text of historical composition of Metropolitan Platon. Analysis. The article describes a number of coincidences of some sentential generalizations suggested by Metropolitan Platon with sentences included in Karamzins “History of Russian State”. In particular, the researcher remarks the meaning coincidences of authors sentences in evaluating Russian paganism as well as in characterizing Russian society shortly before and after the Mongol-Tatar invasion. He emphasizes some differences in using authors sentences in these texts, analyses the reasons of these differences, finds out a place of sentences in every composition. Results. Finally, the researcher makes a conclusion that in spite of any differences in using sentential generalizations, in these compositions of Platon and Karamzin they form a summarizing part of their historical discourse as an inherent side of their writing styles in presenting historical material. Such a sentence becomes the first step in the formation of scientific analytics, allowing historians of the early 19th century to rise above information of the source, divide information flows, instill scientific discoursivity to the narrative, give conceptual importance to authors conclusions.

De trekvliet en de maliebaan in Leiden

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-317
Author(s):  
Martijn Storms
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Hague ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

Abstract The Trekvliet canal and the pall-mall at Leiden Pall-mall was a popular lawn game in the 17th century. The oldest pall-mall in the Netherlands was built in The Hague in 1606. Leiden was one of the universities with such a facility. In 1581, Leiden University already had several courts for ball sports. Some manuscript maps show their locations outside the city walls. The building of a pall-mall in Leiden coincided with the digging of the canal for horse-drawn boats to The Hague and Delft. The first plans for a boat canal probably date from around 1633 and the canal was completed in 1637. Alongside, between the boat canal and the Leiden city walls, a pall-mall was built, about 700 meters in length. The university bought some plots of land from the Leiden orphanage, on which the lawn was built. The history of the building of the boat canal and pall-mall is documented in several property maps and town plans that have survived. In the university’s archive, a concept of regulations of the Leiden pall-mall is kept, which gives insight in how the game had to be played and into the rules that the students had to adhere to. The pall-mall remained in use until at least the end of the 18th century. On the cadastral plan from the early 19th century (1811-1832) the strip of land is still owned by the university but indicated as ‘economic garden’ and the heyday of pall-mall was over.

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