Aleksei Kurbatov, Vasilii Tatishchev and the Testament of Ivan the Terrible of 1572

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-273
Author(s):  
Cornelia Soldat
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Literary Devices

AbstractThe only surviving copy of a Testament of Ivan the Terrible stems from the beginning of the 19th century with a watermark from 1805. In January 1822 the director of the Foreign Office's archive, Aleksei Malinovskii, sent the testament to the historian and novelist Nikolai Karamzin, who was working on his History of the Russian State, and who published it in the commentary to the ninth volume of the History. An analysis of Aleksei Kurbatov's and Vasilii Tatishchev's alledged authorship of the testament's preface and commentary leads to the conclusion that the testament displays the literary devices of a fictional text. The preface presents a story complete with the grammatically ambiguous signature ,,A. Kurbatova“, a host of conflicting dates and several lost copies of a lost original. The argument for Tatishchev's authorship rests solely on some peculiarities concerning the publications of his personal copy of the Sudebnik of 1550. The questions surrounding the testament are resolved easily when one takes into account the literary hints and regards the text as an early 19th-century mystification.

scholarly journals THE IMAGE OF ATAMAN YERMAK IN THE RUSSIAN ENCYCLOPEDIC NARRATIVE OF THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
A. A. Chernyshev ◽  
◽  
S. I. Chernomorchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Encyclopedic Narrative

The purpose of the article is to reveal the image of Yermak presented in the Russian encyclopedic narrative of the early 19th century. The first half of the 19th century is of particular interest in this regard, since at that timeб there was interest in the past of the country, the history of its development, and the history of the conquest of Siberia by ataman Yermak. The issue of the conquest of Siberia by the Cossack ataman Yermak was reflected in journalism and fiction, and with the advent of encyclopedias it penetrated there. For researchers of that time, the history of Siberia’s conquest seemed important for understanding the uniqueness and greatness of the Russian state. It should be noted that the dictionary and encyclopedic publications of the first half of the 19th century are currently insufficiently studied as a historiographical source and a monument of social thought. The appearance of the encyclopedia is a certain milestone that fixes the state of science itself and its achievements for society. Encyclopedic publications not have only a great informational potential, but also influence the construction of the reader's picture of the world.

«Russia, Russia! Keep Yourself, Keep it!..» Book review: Essays on the History of Russian Custodians (‘Khranitel’stvo’

2021 ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Boris Yu. Aleksandrov ◽  
Olga Ye. Puchnina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Phenomenon ◽  
The 19Th Century

The ideas of conservative modernization of Russian society are currently very relevant. However, the concept of «conservatism» in modern discourse is very ambiguous, and most importantly, not fully relevant to the complex of domestic socio-political and religious-philosophical ideas that have developed since the existence of the Old Russian state. A much more precise definition in this regard is the concept of “Khranitel’stvo”, which organically developed in the Russian tradition almost until the end of the 19th century and which is a unique and original phenomenon of the intellectual culture of Russia. On the basis of large historical and theoretical material, the authors of the monograph study the ideological origins, essence and evolution of «Khranitel’stvo» as a specific socio-political direction of Russian thought.

scholarly journals Romantyczne wędrówki Polaków po Szwajcarii Saskiej

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 149-175
Author(s):  
Ewa Grzęda
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Spatial Imagination ◽  
Aesthetic Sensibility ◽  
The 19Th Century

Romantic wanderings of Poles across Saxon SwitzerlandThe history of Polish tourism in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains as well as the literary and artistic reception of the landscape and culture of Saxon Switzerland have never been discussed in detail. The present article is a research reconnaissance. The beginnings and development of tourism in the region came in the late 18th and early 19th century. The 1800s were marked by the emergence of the first German-language descriptions of Saxon Switzerland, which served as guidebooks at the time. From the very beginning Poles, too, participated in the tourist movement in the area. The author of the article seeks to follow the increasing interest in Saxon Switzerland and the appearance of the first descriptions of the region in Polish literature and culture. She provides a detailed analysis of Polish-language accounts of micro-trips to the Elbe Sandstone Mountains by Andrzej Edward Koźmian, Stanisław Deszert, Antoni Edward Odyniec, Klementyna Hoffman née Tańska and a poem by Maciej Bogusz Stęczyński. As the analysis demonstrates, in the first half of the 19th century Poles liked to visit these relatively low mountains in Central Europe and tourism in the region is clearly part of the history of Polish mountain tourism. Thanks to unique aesthetic and natural values of the mountains, full of varied rocky formations, reception of their landscape had an impact of the development of the aesthetic sensibility of Polish Romantics. Direct contact with nature and the landscape of Saxon Switzerland also served an important role in the shaping of spatial imagination of Polish tourists, encouraging them to explore other mountains in Europe and the world, including the Alps. On the other hand thanks to the development of tourist infrastructure in Saxon Switzerland, facilitating trips in the region and making the most attractive spots available to inexperienced tourists, micro-trips to the Elbe Sandstone Mountains marked an important stage in the development of mountain tourism on a popular-recreational level. Polish-language accounts of trips to Saxon Switzerland from the first half of the 20th century are a noteworthy manifestation of the beginnings of Polish travel literature.

The 1884–1890 letters of the brethren of New Athos Monastery, named after Simon the Canaanean, to Archimandrite Leonid (worldly Lev Kavelin)

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Marina S. Krutova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Prominent Scientist ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Trinity

The Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library contains letters of Hegumen Ieron (worldly Ivan Nosov-Vasil’yev), Schemamonk Innokentiy (worldly last name — Sibiryakov) and Iosif the monk, the brethren of New Athos Monastery, named after Simon the Canaanean, to Archimandrite Leonid (worldly Lev Kavelin), Rector of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, a prominent scientist, a prominent scholar of the Russian Orthodox Church, one of the most enlightened priests of the 19th century. In 1885, the book “Abkhazia and New Athos Monastery, Named after Simon the Canaanean, in It” by Archimandrite Leonid was a real event. The published letters were written by the brethren of the monastery, people of different cultural levels; but they are all imbued with a sense of gratitude to the author, who wrote a book about their holy monastery, which they love and care about the improvement of. Hegumen Ieron’s letters contain numerous details about the opening of Pitsunda Monastery as a skete of New Athos Monastery, about the restoration of the ancient Pitsunda temple, about its beautification and the forthcoming consecration. Schemamonk Innokentiy’s letters provide detailed information about the history of the Monastery, as well as some cartographic data needed by Archimandrite Leonid for his book. Monk Iosif ’s letter contains details of the economic life of the monastery.

Historicism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Hvattum
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Related Idea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Historian ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Art And Architecture

In its most general sense, historicism refers to a new historical consciousness emerging in late-18th- and early-19th-century Europe. This novel “historical-mindedness,” as the cultural historian Stephen Bann has called it, sprung from a recognition that human knowledge and human making are historically conditioned and must be understood within particular historical contexts. Historicism inspired new interest in the origin and development of cultural phenomena, not least art and architecture. When used in relation to architecture, historicism usually refers to the 19th-century notion that architecture is a historically dynamic and relative phenomenon, changing with time and circumstance. This in contrast to 18th-century classicism which tended to uphold the classical tradition as a universal ideal and a timeless standard. Historicism in architecture often entails Revivals of various kinds, i.e., the reference to or use of historical styles and motifs. The term is related to concepts such as eclecticism, revivalism, and relativism. In architectural history, an early anticipation of a historicist way of thinking is Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s History of the Art of Antiquity (1764). While still idealizing Greek art, Winckelmann also analyzed Egyptian, Etruscan, Phoenician, and Persian art and architecture, paying close attention to the historical conditions in which each of these cultures emerged. This new attentiveness to the relationship between cultural conditions and artistic expression lies at the heart of historicism, as does the related idea that architecture has the capacity to represent an epoch or a nation, forming a veritable index of cultural development. There is a strong organicist aspect to historicism, i.e., a tendency to think about cultural phenomena as organic wholes that evolve according to laws.

Russian Meteorological Investigations in China in the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Feklova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Scientific Network ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of the Russian Magneto-Meteorological Observatory (RMMO) in Beijing has not been extensively researched. Sources for this information are Russian (the Russian State Historical Archive, Saint Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences, Russian National Library) and Chinese (the First Historical Archive of Beijing, the Library of the Shanghai Zikavey Observatory) archives. These archival materials can be scientifically and methodologically analyzed. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian Orthodox Mission (ROM) was founded in the territory of Beijing. Existing until 1955, the ROM performed an important role in the development of Russian–Chinese relations. Russian scientists could only work in Beijing through the ROM due to China’s policy of fierce self-isolation. The ROM became the center of Chinese academic studies and the first training school for Russian sinologists. From its very beginning, it was considered not only a church or diplomatic mission but a research center in close cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences. In this context, the RMMO made important weather investigations in China and the Far East in the 19th century. The RMMO, as well as its branch stations in China and Mongolia, part of a scientific network, represented an important link between Europe and Asia and was probably the largest geographical scientific network in the world at that time.

scholarly journals Comprehensive approach to the restoration of historical and cultural monuments (example of the mansion of A. A. Polovtsov)

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Petr Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Reinforced Masonry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Mansion

The article deals with the problems of restoration design and study of cultural heritage objects that have a long history of existence and operation since the first half of the 19th century. The main aspects faced by researchers of monuments in our time are listed. The list of problems that designers face when studying such objects in St. Petersburg is given. A small dive into the technology of historical development for 250-300 years in St. Petersburg is made. The features of historic masonry and reinforced masonry structures are discussed. In particular, the problems of the state of brickwork walls of cultural heritage monuments of the early 19th century are listed. As a result, it can be stated that the technical and technological difficulties of restoration and the most problematic objects in the design were left to the current generation. We can also say that the current community of restoration designers, to a greater extent, does not take into account many factors that affect the integrity and load-bearing capacity of masonry historical walls. Using the example of a cultural heritage object - the building of the mansion of A. A. Polovtsov, the stages of design of restoration work and analysis of the result obtained and forced corrections after detailed restoration implementation in the structure during its restoration and conservation are given.

Libraries of Educations Institutions in Russia in the First Half of 19th Century

2010 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

Libraries are the integral part of cultural history of Russia. Widespread opening of school libraries in the Russian Empire began in the early 19th century. They began opening school libraries across Russia in the beginning of the 19th century. The paper aims to show the formation and development of libraries in educational institutions of Russia in the first half of the 19th century. The research is based on legislative documents regulating the functions of activity of school libraries and archival materials on the Russian history of the 19th century.

Nannette and Johann Andreas Streicher - their role in shaping musical life in Vienna in the early 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 49-80
Author(s):  
Dominika Maszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Piano Technique ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Nannette and Andreas Streicher were important figures in the musical life of Vienna in the early 19th century. The article introduces their profiles, describes the history of their company, their social, cultural and teaching activity as well as different types of artistic activity. It also explains how keyboard instruments shaped sound and aesthetics-related piano ideals at the turn of the 19th century. The versatile activity of the Streichers, which first of all included instrument building, piano play- ing, composition, teaching and organisation of musical life, made a great contribution to Europe’s cultural heritage. We can notice their numerous connections with outstanding figures of musical life of that time, one that deserves particular attention is their acquaintance with Beethoven. Nannette Streicher was an extremely talented builder who not only coped with the typically masculine craft at that time, but she was also significantly successful in that field. Her instruments were popular, earning general recognition, and the innovative solutions introduced by her also influenced the work of other builders and further development of the piano. Their marriage became the basis for a very fruitful cooperation. Andreas’s numerous connections and his familiarity with the community became an important part of the activity of the company and contributed to its development. Nannette and Andreas shared their passion and passed it on to their son Johann Baptist, who successfully continued their piano making tradition and introduced further improvements, earning a great reputation as well. Social, cultural and teaching activities of the Streichers also played an important role in the musical life of Vienna. Andreas Streicher taught his students the secrets of piano technique and apart from that he shaped their musical and aesthetical awareness. His Kurze Bemerkungen are a valuable source of knowledge also for modern-time performers who can – thanks to this text – learn more about the piano playing aesthetics at the turn of the 19th century as well as a number of universal music and performance topics, which remain accurate to this day. Concerts organised in their house had an educational function too, on the one hand they shaped the tastes of music lovers and supported composers, allowing them to present their latest pieces, and on the other hand they contributed to the promotion of young performers for whom concerts there were often the first step leading towards Vienna’s professional musical stage. The development of the topic of the article in this issue of “Notes Muzyczny” is the trans- lation of the text by Andreas Streicher entitled: Some observations on the playing, tuning and maintenance of pianos built in Vienna by Nannette Streicher nee Stein.

scholarly journals The Fate of the Epistolary Heritage of the Veliky Ustyug Merchant Family Buldakovs of the Late 18th – the First Quarter of the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Ovchinnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Language Characteristic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article presents the history of the epistolary heritage of the Buldakov merchant family. The object of the research is letters of M. M. Buldakov, a representative of the Veliky Ustyug merchants, the leading director of the Russian-American company. These documents contain valuable information on the history of Russian merchants in the last quarter of the 18th – first third of the 19th century and the activities of the Russian-American company. Similar to all sources of epistolary genre, their distinctive feature is that they were created without additional edits and censorship and thereby recorded historical reality at first hand, while retaining the style and language characteristic of the period. The main problem faced by historians is patchy location of M. M. Buldakov’s letters. Currently, only a part of them, stored in the Vologda State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, has been published and introduced into scientific use. The documents scattered across other archives are yet to be identified and examined. The purpose of this study is to determine the true volume of the Buldakovs' epistolary heritage, to understand the reasons for its fragmentation, and to trace the movement of documents from one owner to another. This is the first attempt to restore the path of epistolaries from the pre-revolutionary family archive to modern archives, which determines the scientific novelty of the work. The methodological basis of the research is principles of historicism, consistency, and objectivity. This makes it possible to consolidate the scattered information and facts testifying to the movement of M. M. Buldakov’s papers. The analytical and synthetic method of comparing data provides an opportunity to see the general picture of letters location, while concrete-historical method allows us to describe the facts in historical sequence. We managed to identify three large collections of letters: in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, in the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire of the Historical and Documentary Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in the Vologda State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The results of this study provide a unified picture of the epistolaries location in different archives, which, in turn, provides an opportunity for historians and archivists to continue their work on identifying and introducing into scientific use of documents necessary for further study of the history of Russian merchants and the Russian-American company activities.

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