scholarly journals Archaeological Map of the Siberian Khanate: Dating and Interpretation Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Tataurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Dendrochronological Analysis ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Burial Grounds

Research objectives: Turkic-Tatar state formations have left significant tra­ces in the history of Western Siberia in the last 500 years. Due to their small number, the surviving written sources do not fully explain their state structure, borders, levels of production and development, etc. The way out of this situation may be the use of research materials from archaeological sites dated to the relevant time. Research materials: Many years of excavations of settlements, burial grounds, cities, and cult sites have provided significant material for the scholarly community, but up to the present there is a problem with their dating, and with correlation to specific khanates. To solve the question of dating of archaeological complexes of this time, it is proposed to use the method of dendrochronological analysis on the same scale, regarding materials, as that seen in the study of Tara – one of the first Russian cities in Siberia. Another way to determine the materials related to the Siberian Khanate is a study of the complexes of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries which belonged to Siberian Tatars. After the annexation of Siberia to the Russian state, the local population preserved its traditional culture for a long time, elements of which were formed during the period of existence in Turkic-Tatar state formations. Results and novelty of the research: This article offer approaches that allow one to single out several blocks of information – on fortifications, dwellings, ways of communication, weapons – which could become certain chronological repeaters for the Siberian Khanate. The conducted research allows us to both draw connections between several fortified complexes in Tara’s Cis-Irtysh region and to show the presence of a border line, consisting of several towns on the borders of the Siberian Khanate. Such an approach will allow us to identify and explore similar lines in other territories of this state formation.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATION OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE (THE MOSCOW BRANCH) OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTRAORDINARY STATE COMMISSION (1943–1944)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Кудрявцев ◽  
С.А. Володин
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Archaeological Collections ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Institute Staff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Burial Grounds

В 1943–1944 гг. сотрудники Института истории материальной культуры принимали участие в работе Чрезвычайной государственной комиссии (ЧГК). Это выражалось в составлении инструкций по установлению стоимости различных археологических памятников для определения нанесенного им ущерба в период оккупации, составлении их списков и анкетировании. В 1944 г. ИИМК по заданию ЧГК организовал восемь экспедиций в освобожденные районы РСФСР и УССР с целью обследования ряда поселений и курганных могильников, а также музеев с археологическими коллекциями, пострадавших в военные годы. Участие в деятельности ЧГК позволило Московскому отделению ИИМК сохранить основные функции научного учреждения в тяжелый период войны. In 1943–1944 the staff of the Institute for the History of Material Culture was involved in the work performed by the Extraordinary State Commission. The Institute staff prepared guidelines to be used in assessing the value of various archaeological sites to determine the damage caused to the sites during the occupation period, prepared relevant lists and conducted questionnaire-based interviews. In 1944 by order of the Extraordinary State Commission, the Institute organized eight expeditions to the liberated regions of the Russian SFR and the Ukrainian SSR in order to survey a number of settlements and kurgan burial grounds as well as museums with archaeological collections damaged during the war. Involvement in the activities of the Extraordinary State Commission enabled the Moscow Branch of the Institute to continue performing its main functions as a research institution during the hard time of the war.

Spectral Analysis of Metal Articles from Archaeological Monuments of the Caucasus

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 68-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Selimkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Ancient Metallurgy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

For a long time the study of the history of ancient metallurgy and mining in the Caucasus could not be conducted satisfactorily in the USSR due to the lack of adequate scientific analysis of metallic complexes from archaeological sites.In his work devoted to the history of metallurgy in the Caucasus a well-known archaeologist A. A. Yessen justly remarks that for solving a number of problems connected with those questions the then existing data on chemical analysis was insufficient, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Because of this indeed it later became apparent that a number of questions investigated by A. A. Yessen were not always correctly elucidated. Even so, it should be certainly mentioned here that his monograph provided a rich historical material and already indicated the direction to be followed by further investigation of the history of ancient metallurgy and mining in the Caucasus, always assuming that sufficient chemical investigation was carried out.Systematic investigation of metallic objects from the monuments in the Caucasus began in 1933. It was at this time that work on chemical analysis began to develop at Leningrad in the Institute of Historic Technology at the then existing Academy of Material Culture named after N. J. Marr. The purpose of this research, carried out under the guidance of A. A. Yessen and V. V. Danilevsky, was to find out the history of the use of tin.

scholarly journals Archaeology of Tara in the context of Siberia’s accession to the Russian state (based on 2007–2019 studies)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
S. F. Tataurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The article considers the materials of the archaeological excavations of the city of Tara as a source on the history of the accession of Western Siberia to the Russian state in the end of XVI–XVIII centuries. The analysis of finds testifying to the role of the city in the military, commercial, economic and cultural aspects of this process is given.

scholarly journals Muslim Occupation in France According to Arabic Literature and Western Historical Evidences

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
French People

Islam has a long history in Southern France and Italy and has contributed greatly to the formation of European civilization. This has been forgotten mainly by European and French people and Muslims in general. Driven by the Spirit of jihad and the spread of Islam, the Muslim soldiers have made France and Italy’s regions into an orderly administrative region that was previously filled up with injustice. A comparison of Arabic and Western literature, especially French and Spanish and Arabic literature, was conducted to complete this discussion. Arabic literature does not indicate in detail that Muslims have been in France for a long time based on physical evidence obtained in modern times. By conducting a literature study and a comparative historical, descriptive approach, it was found that Muslims suffered a crushing defeat in the battle with Charles Martel in Tours, October 10, 732. However, Muslims were still in Gaul, Bordeaux, and Anjou (Italy), and it took place for 250 years. This shows that Muslims could adapt to the local population. Coupled with research carried out by archaeologists, gynaecologists, and sociologists with Muslim graves’ presence in the Gaul region joined by local residents, Barbarians, and Arabs indicated that the procedure for burial was performed according to Islam. The funerals were carried out in the 7th or 9th century A.D. The history of Muslims in France and Italy is not easily forgotten; these experts’ research has perpetuated Muslims’ narrative in France and Italy.

scholarly journals Problems of Studying the Siberian Statehood of the Shibanids (according to Materials of the Fourth All-Russian Research Conference: “The History, Economy, and Culture of the Medieval Turkic-Tatar States of Western Siberia”)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-911
Author(s):  
Elena A. Ryabinina ◽  
◽  
Sergei F. Tataurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Conference ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article summarizes the results of the Fourth All-Russian (national) research conference “History, Economy, and Culture of the Medieval Turkic-Tatar States of Western Siberia”. It took place in the city of Kurgan on October 30, 2020. The conference was held on the Zoom platform due to the current epidemic situation. From various regions of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan, 34 researchers took part in it. The reports were chronologically and thematically divided into the following areas: the issues of the historiography and source studies of the political and ethnic history of the Siberian states; the Tyumen Khanate and its heritage, the Siberian Khanate and its neighbors; and Western Siberia from the end of the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries: politics, population, and culture. The speakers summed up and set new prospects for research on the problems of archaeological and historical source studies related to Siberian statehood, the ethno-social and political history of the Tyumen and Siberian yurts, and issues of political relations of late medieval Siberian states with their neighbors including the Muscovite state and the Bukhara Khanate. In the latter case, it was proposed to consider these relations in the context of larger geopolitical realities in Eurasia in the sixteenth century. Special attention was paid to the discussion of Tatar-Ugric relations which continue to be a promising research area. The problems and chronology of the entry of the Turkic-Tatar and Ugric peoples of Western Siberia into the Russian state were discussed as well. Further ways of studying the problems of the history, economy, and culture of the medieval Turkic-Tatar states of Western Siberia were considered for the preparation of the next conference in Kurgan in 2023. Using the possibilities of interdisciplinary research by specialists in the field of history, archaeology, ethnology, numismatics, and genetics is of great importance in determining the prospects for further research. Taking into account the limited written base of sources on the history of Western Siberia of the late Middle Ages and early modern period, interdisciplinarity and a combined approach can solve some controversial issues and problems, as well as provide us with new potential opportunities to study the history of the Tyumen and Siberian Khanate.

scholarly journals An iron spear and arrow tips in the collection of middle 19th century found in Western Siberia, Altai Mountains and Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Khudyakov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
High Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

Purpose. We aimed to examine the materials of the collection of iron weapons including a tip of a spear and various arrow tips gathered in the course of a scientific expedition across the territory of Western Siberia, Altai Steppes and Eastern Kazakhstan performed in 1840–1843 by a famous scientist, botanist, officer of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden – Alexander Gustav von Schrenk. Results. The archaeological findings discovered by the researcher are kept in the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography in the city of St. Petersburg. The iron tip of a spear and different iron arrow tips in the composition of that collection were examined and classified on formal grounds. They were divided into certain groups and types depending on characteristics of the section and shape of the feather of every tip. We proposed our reasoning for the chronology and cultural identity of these diverse artifacts, identified types of iron tips of the spear and arrow tips among the studied objects of armament. They were produced and used during diverse chronological periods when medieval nomadic peoples inhabiting the territory of Western Siberia, Altai Steppes and Eastern Kazakhstan could apply iron spears and arrows in the course of hostilities. We identified that the spear and various types of arrows analyzed in the composition of that collection could belong to warriors of different medieval ethnic groups. As a result of our analysis, the findings of armament were related to various chronological periods and definite weapon complexes. Different types of arrows were related to the material culture of the medieval peoples, who inhabited the territory of studied regions of Inner Asia during historical periods of the Early and High Middle Ages. The German scientists who were in the service of the Russian state described the primary events of the history of studying various archaeological objects related to the cultures of ancient and medieval nomadic people on the territory of the steppe region of Western Siberia and contiguous territories of Altai Steppes and Eastern Kazakhstan. Using methodologies of scientific research, we managed to analyze formal indicators of the artifacts and classify them into certain groups and types of objects of armament, including the iron spear tip and iron arrow tips that constituted an important part of the collection of archaeological findings considered. Conclusion. As a result of our scientific analysis, we have widen and complemented formerly known data on long-range and close combat armament object sets of the territory of Western Siberia, Altai Steppes, Northern and Eastern Kazakhstan during the Early and High Middle Ages.

scholarly journals Contribution of Moscow University to the Development of Schools in the Moscow School District in the Early 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Julija Gracheva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School District ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
School Officials ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
The University

Introduction. The article explores the role of Moscow University in the formation and development of secondary and primary education institutions. One of the main means of university control of schools was a number of professors’ visits. Methods and materials. The author applies the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. For the first time, systematic reports from visitors and reports of trustees of the Moscow school district for the period 1803–1811 stored in the Russian State Historical Archive are used as the main sources for the history of visits. Analysis. Inspection of high schools and district schools of the district was carried out by professors annually. Visitors were appointed by the University Council at the suggestion of the trustee. The main purpose of such trips was to control the economic and education life of schools. After return, they provided the university authorities with review journals, on the basis of which school officials were awarded or dismissed. The visitors were present as deputies from the university at solemn celebrations dedicated to opening or transforming education institutions. According to the visitors, the main obstacle to increasing the number of education institutions in the Moscow school district was the unsatisfactory condition of a large part of school houses and the lack of capable teachers. This slowed down the pace of converting small public schools into county schools and required additional funds and donations from the local population. Results. Analysis of visitor reports allows us to prove that the professors were attentive to the tasks set for them, tried to visit every education institution located in the provinces they inspected. Visiting trips attracted the attention of the provincial and district authorities, as well as local residents to the needs of education institutions.

Igor Alexandrovich Smirnov and his constructivist concept of Soviet culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
I.I. Dokuchaev
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Soviet Culture ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Classical Culture ◽  
First Time

The paper presents a new book published by the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen in 2020, belonging to the pen of one of the most talented culturologists of their first generation in Russia — Igor Alexandrovich Smirnov. The book was written during the work of I.A. Smirnov at the Department of Theory and History of Culture of Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen in 1993, but published for the first time. It is extremely relevant today both in the subject of research and in the method. It presents the original concept of Soviet literature and culture, based on the constructivist methodology. I.A. Smirnov convincingly shows that Soviet culture is a structure created according to the model of classical culture, but not spontaneously, that is, as a result of free creativity or traditions that existed for a long time, but by state order. The paper demonstrates the deformations that inevitably arise as a result of the implementation of such projects.

scholarly journals Northern Regions of Russia as Described by the Flemish Knight de Lannoy: "Non-Muscovite" Identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
V.N. Kozulin
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The article deals with a unique work of Rossica, the first in Western Europe detailed description of the northern Russian regions of Novgorod and Pskov, written by an eyewitness. Memoirs of the Flemish knight, which contain this description, have been known for a long time and have been repeatedly researched. But in the context of the regional imagology of Russia they are considered for the first time. The relevance of the problem is also related to the importance of the study of francophone Rossica, which has not yet been sufficiently studied, for imagology and the history of intercultural interaction. The memoirs are valuable because they represent the only work describing these regions even before they were part of the Muscovite principality, and thus the "non-Muscovite" identity of their population is clearly visible. Despite considerable cultural and socio-political similarities between the regions, the observer knight notes well the specificity of each of them separately. The question is raised that the “muscovite identity” was secondary and by no means the only one in the descriptions of the “Russian character” and Russian state in European Rossica, and that the earliest sources describe just a different alternative identity, apparently especially relevant for the northern regions and closer to the European than to the “Muscovite” identity. It is also concluded that it is necessary to attract more attention to the historical experience of these regions in the teaching of history and in the formation of the historical memory of contemporary Russians.

scholarly journals Research in the Yamal Arctic Region and Subarctic Region in the 2000s

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.В. Федорова
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Subarctic Region ◽  
Cultural Adaptations ◽  
State Register ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Small Team

Археологическое изучение арктической и субарктической зон Западной Сибири проводилось с начала 20 х гг. XX в., но до начала 2000 х это были в основном точечные исследования, проводимые небольшим коллективом ученых из Москвы и Ленинграда. В статье рассматриваются новые исследования, постепенно приобретающие массовый характер. Проблематика их сосредоточена в основном на трех направлениях: история заселения территории, в том числе освоения долины р. Обь и полуостровов Ямал и Гыдан формирование полярных адаптаций: биологической, экономической и социально культурной культурное взаимодействие с соседними регионами и центрами древних и средневековых цивилизаций. В результате можно констатировать, что за период с начала 2000 х гг. по наши дни на территории Арктики и Субарктики Западной Сибири, во первых, резко увеличилось количество обнаруженных и поставленных на государственный учет памятников археологии от эпохи камня до Нового времени во вторых, появилась серия публикаций, в том числе монографических, по исследованию части из этих памятников в третьих, все исследования с начала 2000 х гг. носили комплексный, междисциплинарный характер, в том числе были получены внушительные серии абсолютных дат. Не в последнюю очередь это связано с государственной поддержкой археологических изысканий в регионе. Archaeological research of the Arctic and Subarctic regions of Western Siberia began back in the 1920s however, until the early 2000s this research conducted by a small team of scientists from Moscow and St. Petersburg was mostly focused on isolated issues. The paper examines recent studies that have been demonstrating a gradual increase in scope of activities. The issues under these studies focus mainly on three areas: the history of settlement patterns, including exploitation of the Ob River valley and the Yamal and Gydan Peninsulas development of adaptations to polar conditions such as biological, economic and social/cultural adaptations cultural interactions with neighboring regions and centers of ancient and medieval civilizations. We may infer from this analysis that during the period from the early 2000s to the present day: (i) the number of archaeological sites discovered in this Arctic and Subarctic regions of Western Siberia and included in the state register of sites from the Stone Age to the modern period has increased dramatically (ii) a series of publications, including monographs which analyze some of these sites, has been released (iii) starting from the early 2000s, all studies have been comprehensive and interdisciplinary, with impressive series of absolute dates having been obtained. One of the major reasons is state support of archaeological investigations in this region.

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