scholarly journals Burial Mound 7 of Sara Burial Ground (D.I. Zakharov’s Excavations, 1928): Historiographic Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
The Village ◽  
Made In ◽  
Burial Rite

The article is devoted to historiographic research of the excavation materials from mound 7 of Sara burial ground. The excavations took place in the Eastern Orenburg area in 1928. The materials of these excavations entered scientific circulation in 1960 and contained serious errors, which greatly distorted the discoveries made there. B.F. Zhelezchikov, archaeologist from Volgograd, was the first to pay attention to this fact in 1997 but he just mentioned it briefly. We have conducted our own archival research and this article presents its results. The paper fully publishes the text of D.I. Zakharov’s report, his plan of Sara burial ground, the plan and cross-section view of mound 7 excavated by him. The paper characterizes the photos of the finds attached to Zakharov’s report as well. While comparing Zakharov’s data with the information which entered scientific circulation in the middle of the previous century under the name of “mound 7 of the burial ground near the village of Sara” we identified “extra” artifacts included into the report accidentally. For example, an iron dagger, most arrowheads, all items of horse harness, a whetstone, a stone tile and some decorations were excluded from the finds supposedly made in this mound. The letter from director of Orenburg Museum I.A. Zaretskiy confirmed the earlier suggestions that these objects were found during grave robberies and accidentally included into the collection of finds from mound 7 of Sara burial ground. The paper publishes an excerpt from this letter. We restored the true picture of the excavations of 1928 and observed the burial rite of the burial in mound 7 – cremation at the side of the burial.

scholarly journals BRONZE NOSE RINGS FROM THE BURIAL OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-427
Author(s):  
Alla S. Denyaeva ◽  
Ilya A. Zaytsev ◽  
Leonid S. Iljukov
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Small Series ◽  
The World ◽  
The Village

In 2017, in a single burial mound in the Novosrednenskoye-1 burial ground, located near the village of the same name in the Kirovsky district of the Stavropol Territory, a burial was examined on an ancient horizon, over which an earthen embankment was erected. The deceased was in a wooden box, on the ceiling of which were the skulls of two bulls with bronze nose rings. A small series of burial complexes found in burials on the territory of the North Caucasus, in which nose rings were found, are considered. They were used to control animals harnessed to a cart. A symbolic team of two bulls was used to travel the soul of the deceased into the world of their ancestors. In the Novosvobodnenskoe time, a fashion emerged for the use of wire oval pendants, which were fixed not in the puncture of the nasal septum, but in the punctures of the earlobes. Such pendants, made of bronze or silver wire, were popular in the Novotitarovskaya culture, which replaced the Novosvobodnaya culture.

scholarly journals Excavatons of crypts at the burial ground of Shestakovo-II and issues of the chronology of the shestakov culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-109
Author(s):  
Kulemzin A. ◽  
◽  
Ilyushin A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Development Scheme ◽  
The Village

The article publishes and investigates the materials of the excavations of 1976 and 1980 at the Shestakovo-II burial mound in the Chebulinsky district of the Kemerovo region. The burial monument is located in the Achinsko-Mariinsky forest-steppe on the second floodplain terrace of the Kia River near the village of Shestakovo, next to other archaeological sites investigated (the Shestakovo-I settlement, the Shestakovo-II settlement and the Shestakovo i burial mound), which belong to the final stage of the early Iron Age and form a single archaeological cultural and chronological complex Excavation materials are systematized at the level of elements of burial structures, memorial funeral rite, burial method and burial equipment. A comparative analysis of published materials with sources from neighboring territories and the valley of the middle reaches of the Kii River is carried out. It is concluded that the published sources are close to the excavation materials of the objects of the third and fourth stages of the Shestakovo i burial mound, which is a reference site for the Shestakovo archaeological culture of the transitional Tagaro-Tashtyk time in the Achinsk-Mariinsky forest-steppe in 1979. Based on the statement that the Tesin archaeological culture of the 3rd century BC is the middle of the 3rd century in the steppes of the Middle Yenisei is a synchronous Shestakov archaeological culture of the Achinsk- Mariinsky forest-steppe and, taking into account the observations made by various authors about the late creation of similar processes in this region, we model a cultural and chronological development scheme. This suggests that the Shestakov archaeological culture could have function from the 2nd century BC to the 4th century. This model and the analogies given to the materials from the Shestakovo II burial mound allow us to date this monument to the 3rd — 4th centuries and attribute it to the final stage of the development of the Shestakovo archaeological culture. Key words: Achinsk-Mariinsky forest-steppe, finale of the early Iron Age, Shestakovo-II burial ground, Shestakovo archaeological culture

Searching for the causes why some of the paintings by Mihaly Munkacsy are darkening

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
Imre Pozsgai ◽  
Klara Erdöhalmi-Torok
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
National Gallery ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Made In ◽  
Grinding And Polishing

The paintings by the great Hungarian master Mihaly Munkacsy (1844-1900) made in an 8-9 years period of his activity are deteriorating. The most conspicuous sign of the deterioration is an intensive darkening. We have made an attempt by electron beam microanalysis to clarify the causes of the darkening. The importance of a study like this is increased by the fact that a similar darkening can be observed on the paintings by Munkacsy’s contemporaries e.g Courbet and Makart. A thick brown mass the so called bitumen used by Munkacsy for grounding and also as a paint is believed by the art historians to cause the darkening.For this study, paint specimens were taken from the following paintings: “Studio”, “Farewell” and the “Portrait of the Master’s Wife”, all of them are the property of the Hungarian National Gallery. The paint samples were embedded in a polyester resin “Poly-Pol PS-230” and after grinding and polishing their cross section was used for x-ray mapping.

On the Chloride Waters of Great Britain

1945 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The South ◽  
Very Old ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Village ◽  
Made In

Formerly there were several surface brine springs in the North-East Coalfield; to-day there are none. From the many accounts of their occurrence nothing has been learned of their exact position, and very little of the composition of their waters. The earliest record, made in 1684, described the Butterby spring (Todd, 1684), and then at various times during the next two centuries brine springs at Framwellgate, Lumley, Birtley, Walker, Wallsend, Hebburn, and Jarrow were noted. In particular the Birtley salt spring is often mentioned, and on the 6-in. Ordnance map, Durham No. 13, 1862 edition, it is sited to the south-east of the village. Although no record has been found there must have been either a brine spring or well at Gateshead, for the name of the present-day suburb, Saltwell, is very old, and brine springs are still active in the coal workings of that area.

Photoproduction of Gravitational Radiation in Static Electromagnetic Fields. Radiative Corrections

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (20) ◽  
pp. 2315-2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Papini ◽  
S. -R. Valluri
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Gravitational Radiation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Radiative Corrections ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Relativistic Approximation ◽  
Effective Lagrangian ◽  
Charge Renormalization ◽  
Made In

The radiative corrections of second and third order for the process of photoproduction of gravitons in Coulomb and magnetic dipole fields have been calculated.All divergences have been removed either by charge renormalization or regularization. No approximations have been made in the calculation of the second order cross section. In the third order calculation only the extreme relativistic approximation is given. The forms of the effective Lagrangian, corresponding to the low energy approximations have been determined.

scholarly journals THE COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION BURIED AT THE SCYTHIAN AGE CEMETERY NEAR SVITLOVODSK CITY (ACCORDING TO CRANIOLOGY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-292
Author(s):  
S. I. Kruts ◽  
T. O. Rudych
Keyword(s):  
Middle Level ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Male Population ◽  
The Face ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
The Village

The anthropological composition of the population buried at the cemetery of the Scythian Age near Svitlovodsk city (Kirovograd region) is analyzed in the paper. The burial ground is located on the border of the Forest-Steppe and Steppe Zones of the Right Bank of the Dnieper. The anthropological material under study comes from cemetery without mounds. Archaeologists date the main massif of burials to the 4th century BC. The anthropological composition of the population that was buried at this burial ground was not homogenous. The male series of skulls is characterized by a long, medium-wide, high, dolichocranic skull. The face is of medium size, it is mesognathic. The horizontal profile of the face at the upper level is medium, but with a tendency to the sharp; at the middle level, the face is strongly profiled. The orbital and nasal indexes are medium. The bones of the nose are moderately protruding. The average characteristics of the male population fit into the range of variations of the Scythian series. The male series belongs morphologically and statistically to the circle of the steppe Scythian groups. The male group from the burial ground near the city of Svitlovodsk is close to the series from the Nikolaevka burial ground on the Dnister River, the group of skulls from the burial mounds near the village of Shirokoe (Left Bank of the Dnieper River), the group of skulls from the burial mounds near the village of Vyshchetarassivka, a series of skulls from the Mykhailivka burial ground. Of the forest-steppe series, only the combined group of skulls from the Trypillya region is somewhat close to it. All these statistically and morphologically similar groups originate from different territories. This illustrates the specifics of the settlement and demonstrates the mobility of the Scythian groups. The female series from the burial ground is characterized by a long, narrow, medium-high skull, mesocranic in shape. The size of the face is small, it is mesognathic. The horizontal profile of the face at the upper level is moderate, at the zygomaxilar level it belongs to the category of sharp, but with a tendency to moderate. The orbital index is medium, the nasal index belongs to the large category. The bones of the nose are medium protruding. The female series from Svitlovodsk burial ground turns out to be the most gracile among the Scythian series in Ukraine. For this reason, it differs significantly from the entire massif of the steppe Scythian series. The closest to the Svitlovodsk series is a group from mounds near Nikopol.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BENDUNG TERHADAP PROFIL MUKA AIR SUNGAI BATANG GADIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sudarmanto ,
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Uniform Flow ◽  
Flood Discharge ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Numerical Integration Methods ◽  
The Village ◽  
River Cross Section

Placement of the weir in the river Batang Gadis will cause population anxiety in the village Pulungan which located upstream weir as far as 3 km, due to a weir can cause water surface profile of the river getting higher and ultimately to increase the pool of flooding in residential areas.Assuming modeling of river a uniform flow, river cross-section has a rectangular shape with width 50 m and 40 m, the roughness Manning 0.0025, the profile of water flow floods that occurred in 2 yaears, 25 years, and 100 years before and after the existing weir can be calculated by numerical integration methods.  From the calculation, the length of the water behind the weir is 1.4 km upstream towards the weir, which means that the depth of the water level rises to as far as 1.4 km and after that the depth of water before and after there the weir is same. Because the village Pulungan located 3 km to the upstream, the weir did not affect the increase in the flood waters in the village Pulungan. At 2 years flood discharge does not cause inundation in the village Pulungan, but the flood discharge 25 years and 100 years has led to inundation in the village Pulungan with the depth of each pool 0.971 m and 1.675 m. Keywords: uniform flow, numerical integration, inundation, flood discharge.

scholarly journals Apprenticeship in New Zealand : its development, present organization and administration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Richard Vaughan Kriby
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Organization And Administration ◽  
Boer War ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
The Village ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

"Lumen Accipe et Imperti ", says the motto of Wellington College; and, in becoming a teacher, after being a pupil of the College, I fully accepted the injunction to receive the light and impart it. But it took the preparation of this thesis on the apprenticeship system to bring home to me the<br>strength of the human impulse implied in those four<br>Latin words.<br>In the ideal, the impulse is personified in Oliver Goldsmith's description of the village schoolmaster who "...tried each art, reproved each dull delay; Allur'd to brighter worlds, and led the way."<br><div>It is this impulse to seek skills and to hand them on which helps to explain the enigma of a system apparently always on the point of being out-moded, and yet surviving time and change, depression and prosperity, wars and its greatest challenge, the machine age.</div><div>In 1898 - before the Boer War - a Member of the New Zealand Parliament announced that a pair of boots had been made in 25 minutes, passing through 53 different machines and 63 pairs of hands. The tone of the brief, ensuing discussion was one suited to the occasion of an imminent demise, and a Bill for improvement of the apprenticeship system then before the House quietly expired.<br><br></div>

Palaeolithic Discoveries in the Grotta Paglicci

Antiquity ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 38 (149) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zorzi
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
South Side ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
The Village ◽  
Made In

The first objective in this area was the Grotta Paglicci (FIG. I), a cave opening into the cretaceous limestone on the south side of the great karstic plateau, just below the village of Rignano. Here, in 1957, three of the author's colleagues, Professors A. Pasa and S. Ruffo, and Sig. Messena collected bone and stone artifacts of Palaeolithic date from the tip of a vast excavation which a mad treasure hunter had been carrying out in the cave for several years. When I visited the site in 1960 to make the preparations for a proper excavation, I discovered to my dismay that in the meantime this same treasure hunter, in spite of dissuasion, had been continuing his devastation with the help of explosives and had caused the fmal collapse of the entrance to the cave, completely obscuring its natural morphology. With meagre hopes of finding any part of the deposit intact, a start was made in the following April 1961 patiently to clear the mouth of the cave to see what could be saved. Fortunately an area of undisturbed deposit was found sealed below some large blocks of the fallen roof and furthermore a passage was cleared through the treasure hunter's debris towards the interior of the cave.

A Center Emerges

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-100
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Pluckhahn ◽  
Victor D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
Crystal River ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
The Village

Current radiocarbon evidence suggests that monument construction at Crystal River began sometime around 1000 BC, based on dating of human remains excavated from the circular embankment of the Main Burial Complex. Construction of the two burial mounds began a few centuries later, but likewise predates the earliest occupation of the village. Thus, the site began as a vacant ceremonial center, probably a place where small family groups dispersed on small islands in the surrounding landscape came together at certain times of the year. This pattern is typical for burial mound sites on the Gulf Coast, but Crystal River exhibits a unique degree of elaboration of architecture and burial treatments that suggest it had already emerged as a regional center. Likewise, the presence of large quantities of exotic Hopewell culture artifacts in a few burials suggest that certain people were already differentiated from others, perhaps owing to their roles as ritual specialists.

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