scholarly journals Manufacturing Complexes for the Non-Ferrous Metals Processing of the Golden Horde Cities: Search for Analogies

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Kseniya Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Handicraft Production

The article is devoted to the Golden Horde complexes associated with the processing of non-ferrous metals and the organization of handicraft production. Historiography has repeatedly voiced the significant role of the masters of the conquered territories in the formation of the metalworking production of the Golden Horde. In the article the characteristic features of the Golden Horde craft complexes are considered in comparison with similar complexes of Kievan Rus cities, as well as with some traditions of the organization of Central Asian craft. Data from workshops of Tsarevskoe, Uvekskoe, Bolgarskoe settlements, Staryy Orhey were brought in. The complexes are considered in terms of such parameters as location in the city planning system, type of structure, presence of smelting furnaces and hydraulic structures, set of production, range of products and coexistence with other industries. It is noted that in the cities of the Golden Horde there are various forms of organization of metalworking crafts, small workshops in craft districts and complex workshops functioning within household plots. The workshops location is not clearly defined; in general, they do not form specialized areas. The structures in which the workshops operate have no design features and may not contain heat engineering structures. Workshops for the processing of non-ferrous metals most often function in conjunction with bone carving and pottery production, less often in a composition with leather, glass making, and gemstone processing. This is significantly different from the situation in Kievan Rus cities, where the processing of non-ferrous metals is most often combined in various forms with the processing of ferrous metals. The handicraft complexes of the Golden Horde cities demonstrate a wide variety of forms, and most of them find their analogies in the materials of ancient Russian cities, therefore, it is difficult to single out specific features indicating possible genetic connections.

The Role of the “New” Industries in Britain during the 1930s: A Reinterpretation

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil K. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

Professor Buxton examines the importance during the 1930s of the “new” industries in Britain (vehicle manufacturing, electrical engineering, rayon, non-ferrous metals, and paper, printing, and publishing) and finds that their role has been exaggerated by earlier interpretations.

scholarly journals Imperial Acculturation on Russian’s Southeastern Frontier: An International Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-740
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Lyubichankovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Acculturation Model ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Impact

This article reviews and summarizes the results of an international survey of experts about Imperial Acculturation Policy and the Problem of Colonialism (based on the materials from the Ural-Volga and Central Asian territories) organized in Orenburg in 2019. The questionnaire asked participants to reply with their thoughts about the characteristic features of the Russian Empires policy of "developing" the nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples of the Kazakh steppe, Bashkiria, Kalmykia on its southeastern frontier from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. Key questions included: The basic terminology (acculturation, imperial acculturation policy); The heuristic value of the acculturation model with respect to the colonial approach. Nomadic and semi-nomadic perceptions of Russian citizenship; The governments efforts to civilize its nomadic and semi-nomadic subjects; The impact of military service, public education and medical care; The role of the Russian Orthodox Church in imperial acculturation policy; The persistence of ethnic identity; General trends in acculturation. The conclusion reflects on using the acculturation model to understand the integration the southeastern nomadic periphery into the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals The Role of Technological Structures in the Formation of Agglomerations

2018 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Grigory V. Mazaev ◽  
Anton G. Mazaev ◽  
Elena Y. Verkhovikh
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Central Planning ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
The City

The article on the example of the city of Yekaterinburg and a number of other industrial cities of the Middle Urals shows the role and influence of the technological structures of different generations on the formation of the planning structure of large and largest industrial cities. The development of Ekaterinburg's planning has been shown, since the 18th century, the process of the formation of agglomeration around it since the 30s of the XX century has been considered. The article also considered the agglomeration effect, which develops in the planning of industrial cities when they create enterprises of III and IV technoLogicaL structures. Under his action, the planning system of the "city-agglomeration" is formed, as a specific form of development of the largest city. The authors for the first time proposed this new concept in urban planning theory, which makes it possible to characterize the development of a spatially distributed city with a set of reLativeLy isoLated parts, which in this particuLar case is manifested through the so-called system of socialist cities. The role of these socialist cities in the formation of a "city- agglomeration" is considered, the phenomenon of local self­identification of their inhabitants is shown, which consider their isolated region as a territorial entity existing separately from the central planning area, which is identified by the inhabitants of the "metropolitan city" with the notion of "city". The phenomenon of the withdrawal of industrial sites mainly from the central planning zones of the largest industrial cities is considered. The conditions for the development of the agglomeration effect for thelargest cities are determined, this effect was classified in the Scheme of the appearance of agglomeration effect in city planning. The final conclusion is made that the phenomenon of formation of a "city-agglomeration" should be taken into account in the development of master plans of industrial cities as a potential opportunity for the development of their planning structures, which affects the development of transport and social infrastructures.

scholarly journals The Role Of The Department Of Archeology Of The National University Of Uzbekistan In The Study Of The Ancient And Medieval History Of The Tashkent Oasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 609-613
Author(s):  
Haydarov Zuhriddin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
National University ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

The Tashkent oasis is one of the most ancient historical regions of Central Asia and plays an important role in the socio-economic, cultural and ethnic history of Uzbekistan. Life in it is formed on the banks of the Syrdarya basin. The Tashkent oasis is surrounded on three sides by the Tien Shan, Chatkal and Qurama mountain ranges. The mountains surrounding the oasis were rich in minerals. They are precious and non-ferrous metals - gold and silver, copper and lead, tin, iron ore, flint and kaolin lumps, marble and silicon-enriched and slaked lime.

Budget as an Instrument of Reproduction of Bureaucracy in Russia

2006 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Yu. Shvetsov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article considers the problem of bureaucratisation of the state and the most important social and economic consequences of this phenomenon. The essence of bureaucracy has been revealed, characteristic features of its functioning in Russia have been analyzed; the material base of bureaucracy and its dominating status in the society have been substantiated. The conclusion has been made that the process of changing the role of the budget to serve the interests of bureaucracy is being accomplished.

Microbiota-Immune System Interactions in Human Neurological Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-526
Author(s):  
Qin Huang ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Di Liao ◽  
Jian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

: Recent studies implicate microbiota-brain communication as an essential factor for physiology and pathophysiology in brain function and neurodevelopment. One of the pivotal mechanisms about gut to brain communication is through the regulation and interaction of gut microbiota on the host immune system. In this review, we will discuss the role of microbiota-immune systeminteractions in human neurological disorders. The characteristic features in the development of neurological diseases include gut dysbiosis, the disturbed intestinal/Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, the activated inflammatory response, and the changed microbial metabolites. Neurological disorders contribute to gut dysbiosis and some relevant metabolites in a top-down way. In turn, the activated immune system induced by the change of gut microbiota may deteriorate the development of neurological diseases through the disturbed gut/BBB barrier in a down-top way. Understanding the characterization and identification of microbiome-immune- brain signaling pathways will help us to yield novel therapeutic strategies by targeting the gut microbiome in neurological disease.

scholarly journals Planning out abjection? The role of the planning profession in post-apartheid South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 147309522110124
Author(s):  
Phil Jones ◽  
Lauren Andres ◽  
Stuart Denoon-Stevens ◽  
Lorena Melgaco Silva Marques
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Planning Profession ◽  
Established Order

For Kristeva (1982) the abject not only caused visceral disgust but posed a threat to the established order of society. The abject is a product of particular times and places but limited attention has been given to understanding the process of transitioning away from abject status. We address this gap here through an examination of the planning profession in post-apartheid South Africa. The paper examines how the abject is fluid and resilient, evolving to fit a changing planning system and broader political economy where a discourse of abjection by race has been replaced by a focus on poverty.

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