scholarly journals Morphological Features of Soils in the Yelshanka River Floodplain Under Conditions of Urbotechnopedogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Oleg Gordienko ◽  
Igor Manaenkov ◽  
Ilya Agapov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
River System ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Floodplain Soil ◽  
River Floodplain

The river system on the territory of Volgograd is represented by eight small rivers. Currently, in the territory of Volgograd there is an active inclusion of valley and floodplain landscapes in the urban area. Under conditions of the anthropogenic impact, the normal regime of valley and floodplain landscapes is disturbed. As a result of changes in the hydrological regime of floodplains and valleys, various morphological transformations of soil cover occur, such as the formation of specific iron and carbonate new formations, etc. As a result of economic activities, modern alluvial soils and sediments are often buried under the thickness of the anthropogenic material. The relevance of the study is due to the high recreational value of valley and floodplain landscapes. The authors analyze 6 soil profiles set up in different parts of the Yelshanka river floodplain. The description of soil sections was performed with the use of the Field Qualifier of Soils of Russia. Soil profiles were named in accordance with the Russian Soil Classification and Diagnosis (2004) and the Field Qualifier of Soils of Russia (2008). In Volgograd, as in most cities in Russia and abroad, the study of soils of floodplain landscapes is not systematic, and in some cases is limited to a certain area of research. The purpose of the work was to monitor the morphological state of the floodplain soil cover of the Yelshanka River in order to determine the degree of soils transformation in the area as a result of urbotechnopedogenesis. The studies conducted at the site allow considering that the urban soils of recreational areas are a consequence of the combined effect of zonal natural and climatic and urbanogenic factors of soil formation. Studies of soils of floodplain landscapes in the urban environment make it possible to monitor the state of natural landscapes and their transformation in conditions of urbotechnopedogenesis, as well as the development of the ecological framework of the city.

scholarly journals The properties of river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain

2017 ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Perets ◽  
Oksana Vovk ◽  
Oleh Orlov ◽  
Olena Lutsyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Floodplain Soil

Alluvial soil formation is a dynamic process, the main prerequisite of which is the regular, periodic flooding of the river floodplain with flood waters, which are enriched with multidispersed organic and mineral particles. During the last century, about 80 % of territory of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain was transformed by means of hydrotechnical construction: waterproof dams and drainage channels have broken the wide river floodplains into isolated fragments, making impossible the free flow of flood waters, enriched with silt. The results of the study of stratification patterns of the river silt in the riverbed floodplain, depending on the flow velocity, granulometric composition, physical and chemical properties, given its role in the floodplain soil formation are given. The granulometric composition of the Dniester River silt changes downstream from the sandy to the heavy-loamy; In the floodplains of the Stryj and Svicha rivers medium- and heavy-loamy deposits are postponed, respectively. In the upper part of the Upper- Dniester alluvial plain (Chaikovichi 1, 2) accumulates a silt with predominance of the medium and fine sand fraction, which forms a good filtration ability of soils, whereas downstream the physical clay content increases (up to 47.2 %), which makes the river silt an important source of mineral nutrition of plants. The domination (over 40 %)in silt granulometric composition the rough dust fraction (Ustia 1, Zalisky 1) contributes to the improvement of the water-physical properties of alluvial soils and provides optimal conditions for the biota functioning. For the investigated river alluviums an alkaline reaction of the extract (pH (H2O) = 7,44–8,03) and low content of humus (0,54–3,80 %) are characteristic. The amount of nitrogen in the silt varies within 1,47–18,20 mg/100 g of soil. The river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain are an active factor in floodplain soil formation, since it optimizes the water-physical and physical-chemical properties of alluvial soils. But the influence area of silt on the soilsis sharply reduced and is limited only to the space in front of the dams. In the soils outside the dam, to which no fresh alluvial material comes, the hydrological regime is rebuilt and properties change substantially, up to the loss of their typological alluvial features. Key words: river alluviums, silt, floodplain, the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain, alluvial soils, hydrotechnical fragmentation.

Diversity and main properties of soils of the Gronfjord area (Svalbard archipelago)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Iaroslavovna Iavid ◽  
Veronika Nikolaevna Kondakova ◽  
Vyacheslav Igorevich Polyakov ◽  
Evgeny Vasilyevic Abakumov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Russian Soil

Svalbard archipelago is characterized by specific climate conditions, high air temperature and relative air humidity, which are not typical for high latitudes. Such conditions affect soil-forming processes. Classification and morphological structure of the soil cover on the Spitsbergen archipelago are still poorly understood. The aim of current research was to reveal diverse soil taxons in the Gronfjord area and characterize framework of its formation. As the results of this work, the authors provide the description of the investigated soils and their taxonomy in accordance with World Reference Base for Soil Resources (IUSS Working Group 2015) and the new Russian soil classification system. Chemical parameters of the soil, as well and the data on soil horizons properties were measured using vertical electric resistivity sounding method. In total, 15 soil profiles were made and the studied soils were referred to six Soil Reference Groups with domination of Leptosols and Regosols. The profiles were made in different landscapes that allowed to determine the similarities and differences in soil cover of the area. The main factors affected soil formation are cryogenic processes combined with gleyfication and cambic alteration of soil material.

scholarly journals PALE SOILS ON CARBONATE-FREE DEPOSITS IN CENTRAL SIBERIA AND THEIR TAXONOMIC POSITION IN THE SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF RUSSIA

2015 ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ananko ◽  
M. I. Gerasimova ◽  
D. E. Konyushkov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Physical Chemical

Based upon a comprehensive analysis of detailed descriptions of soil profiles and analytical data obtained by I. Sokolov, V. Zolnikov, L. Yelovskaya and other researchers, as well as upon data on the soil-forming factors, an attempt is made to determine the taxonomic level of pale undifferentiated neutral and slightly acid soils derived from carbonate-free deposits in the new classification system of Russian soils (versions 2004, 2008). The above group of soils is not uniform. According to their diagnostic morphological and physical-chemical properties the loamy permafrost-affected soils with ice-rich permafrost should be placed in the order of cryometamorphic or iron-metamorphic soils. The loamy sandy soils with dry permafrost may be placed in the same order. The soils with a shallow profile (< 30 cm) on hard parent rock should be qualified as members of the order of lithozems. The specific features of these soils make it possible to suggest new elements to the soil classification. A subtype of pale-metamorphized soils is offered to recognize the types of rzhavozems and raw-humus rzhavozems as the soils transitional to the pale soils. This suggestion is aimed at harmonization of a variety of ideas on the genesis, conditions for the development and nomenclature of soils, which permits us to give a more complete and reliable perception of the soil cover in the Central Siberian plateau.

scholarly journals Human-induced changes in the soil cover at the mouth of the Vistula River Cross-Cut (northern Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Hulisz ◽  
Adam Michalski ◽  
Michał Dąbrowski ◽  
Grzegorz Kusza ◽  
Leszek Łéczyński
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the impact of human activity on the soil formation at the mouth of the Vistula Cross-Cut (northern Poland). The detailed research was conducted in the test area (about 500 ha) for which the soil map was created. The three major soil belts were distinguished, grouping the soils formed on marine, aeolian and technogenic sediments, deposited both naturally and anthropogenically as a result of the hydrotechnical works. Initial soils, arenosols, gleysols, brackish marsh soils and industrial soils predominate across the study area. Most of them were characterized by high spatial diversity and multi-layering. Their properties reflected varied dynamics of the local environment on both sides of the river channel, greatly enhanced by the human activity. Based of the obtained results, some proposals concerning arenosols, marsh soils and industrial soils for the Polish Soil Classification (2011) were presented.

scholarly journals Holocene Soil Evolution in South Siberia Based on Phytolith Records and Genetic Soil Analysis (Russia)

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Gavrilov ◽  
Sergey Loiko ◽  
Nina Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
Ams Dating

Dark, coniferous hemiboreal forests in the south of West Siberia are located in the Holocene forest-steppe ecotone, where natural environmental conditions have been quite dynamic. This dynamic environment resulted in the contrasting evolution of regional soil cover and the development of unique soil profiles with the second humus horizon. The second humus horizon is assumed to be a relic from the dark-humus soil formation stage in the mid-Holocene. This article draws conclusions about changes in regional environmental conditions by analysing data from a geochemically interrelated coevolutionary soil series, obtained by using a combination of conventional soil studies, phytolith analyses, and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) and humic acids. The results showed that, in general, phytocenoses changed from mire-meadow vegetation towards forest vegetation via the meadow stage. However, these stages had different durations, depending on the soil catenary position. The topographical divergence of soil phytolith profiles reflects the relief effect on the development of specific soil type combinations, accounting for the major elements of the regional mid-Holocene soil cover. The leading elementary soil-forming processes were humus accumulation and hydrogenic accumulation of calcium carbonates. In the hilltop site of Endocalcic Stagnic Albic Luvisols, the evolutionary changes were shown by the shift from the meadow phytocenosis (Calcic Stagnic Chernozem) to the forest phytocenosis. In the midslope site, the environment was more humid from the start, favouring a phytocenosis with features of the meadow-mire type. The shift from the meadow-mire environment (with Spodic Chernic Gleysols) to the forest type environment with leading profile-forming processes, acid hydrolysis and lessivage, was gradual, occurring via the meadow stage with Calcic Stagnic Chernozem. In the toeslope site (Calcic Stagnic Greyzemic Epidystric Umbrisols), the meadow-mire stage (with Spodic Chernic Gleysols) was succeeded by the forest stage of soil formation. The AMS-dating of PhytOC estimated that the dark-humus stage of soil formation began 6.5–5.7 years calBC. Despite the observed slight translocation of phytoliths down soil profiles and phytolith solubilisation, phytolith analysis can be used to reconstruct shifts in the soil formation environment for surface Holocene palaeosols.

Soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Belozertseva ◽  
A.A. Sorokovoj
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Made In

On the basis of long-term researches of soils in the territory of Russia and Mongolia soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region is carried out. At division into districts the whole set of an environment of soil formation was considered. On the map of soil and ecological division into districts 13 mountain, mid-mountain, low-mountain taiga, foothill, hollow-valley, forest-steppe and steppe provinces reflecting surface device originality as the ratio of balance of heat and moisture forming a basis to zoning is shown against the background of difficult orography are allocated. In total 42 districts on lithologic-geomorphological features are allocated. In formation of distinctions of a soil cover of these provinces the leading role is played by bioclimatic factors and inside them the lithologic-geomorphological ones. In the view of structural approach of the district they are considered as territories with a certain natural change of several types of the soil cover structure caused by features of a relief and the parent rock. The map is made in the MapInfo program. It is revealed that on ill-defined width zoning of soils the vertical one which has a greater influence on soils of this region is imposed. Soils of the Baikal region are not similar to the soils located at the same latitude of the flat European territory of Russia. Zone soils of this territory are specific and original.

scholarly journals Soil classification at Muaro Baru beach of Padang City using CPT data

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Rina Yuliet ◽  
Mas Mera ◽  
Krismon Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Soil Behaviour ◽  
Behaviour Type

Many semi-empiric correlations have been developed to estimate geotechnical parameters based on Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data for various types of soils. This paper aims to classify soil types based on CPT data with several semi-empiric correlations and compare the results of some of these correlations. In this study, the field CPT and the laboratory test were carried out on soil from two closely spaced locations in the estuary area of Muaro Baru, Padang city. The CPT data was used to determine the soil type using several semi-empirical correlations, namely; friction ratios, Schertmann (1978), Robertson and Campanella (1983), and Robertson et al. (1986), then updated by Robertson in 2010. Soil Behaviour Type (SBT) is based on the cone resistance (qc), sleeve friction (qs), and friction ratio (Rf). The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is also used to classify soils using sieve analysis. The results showed that from the several semi-empirical correlations obtained compatibility soil classification and soil profiles.

scholarly journals Fishery in the Tobol-Ishim interfluve in the neolithic and early metal age

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-192
Author(s):  
Viktor Alekseevich Zakh
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Metal Age ◽  
North Western

Landscapes of the Tobol-Ishim interfluve were not stable in the Holocene and varied from forests and drowned floodplains at the beginning of the V and III millennia BC to steppificated territories with a lowered water level at the beginning of the Atlantic Period and in the middle of the Subboreal Period, which determined the main types of economic activities, one of them was fishing. Changes in hydrological regime of water bodies influenced the methods of fishing, including the use of different traps. Thus, in the Neolithic, when the water level decreased, the location of settlements in the system river-creek-lake (for example, Mergen 6), a large number of fish bones, bone harpoons, fishing spears, fishing tackles for catching pike and a total absence of plummets were indicative of individual fishing for large fish and, perhaps, of stop net fishery, which was facilitated by a decrease in the width of watercourses and tombolos. Stop net (stake net) fishery led to a settled lifestyle of the population, collective activities and the emergence of long-term settlements with deep foundation pits of dwellings. When the water level in rivers and lakes increased and floods became more frequent, the life support system changed, the population began to develop coasts more widely, its mobility increased, and they started to build framed above-ground dwellings. Following those changes, biconic, cigar-shaped, and corniculate plummets emerged in the Tobol River Basin and on the adjacent western and north-western territories in the III and early II millennium BC. When the water level was high, it was efficient to fish using traps, seines and, probably, nets, although the latter could also be used in drive hunting for shedding geese and ducks. Subrectangular plummets with one or two ties for fastening, and disk-shaped plummets with a tie in the center had been prevailing since the beginning of the II millennium BC; they existed until the first third of the I millennium BC. This period, the transition time from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, is characterized by the absence of clay plummets, while there are large accumulations of fish scales and bones in the settlement layers. We can suppose that the population of that time (local Late Bronze Age population, mixed with northern migrants who made utensils with cross ornamentation) switched from net fishing to stop net fishing.

Pedometric tools for classification of southwestern Amazonian soils: A quali-quantitative interpretation incorporating visible-near infrared spectroscopy

2022 ◽  
pp. 096703352110618
Author(s):  
Orlando CH Tavares ◽  
Tiago R Tavares ◽  
Carlos R Pinheiro Junior ◽  
Luciélio M da Silva ◽  
Paulo GS Wadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
R Package ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Wide Range

The southwestern region of the Amazon has great environmental variability, presents a great complexity of pedoenvironments due to its rich variability of geological and geomorphological environments, as well as for being a transition region with other two Brazilian biomes. In this study, the use of pedometric tools (the Algorithms for Quantitative Pedology (AQP) R package and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy) was evaluated for the characterization of 15 soil profiles in southwestern Amazon. The AQP statistical package—which evaluates the soil in-depth based on slicing functions—indicated a wide range of variation in soil attributes, especially in the superficial horizons. In addition, the results obtained in the similarity analysis corroborated with the description of physical, chemical components and oxide contents in-depth, aiding the classification of soil profiles. The in-depth characterization of visible-near infrared spectra allowed inference of the pedogenetic processes of some profiles, setting precedents for future work aiming to establish analytical strategies for soil classification in southwestern Amazon based on spectral data.

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