scholarly journals Endothelial Function and Cardiovascular Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Mohsin Wali ◽  
C. Venkata S. Ram
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health

Abstract 3610: Comparative Effects of 3 Popular Diets on Lipids, Endothelial Function and Biomarkers of Atherothrombosis in the Absence of Weight Loss

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Miller ◽  
Valerie Beach ◽  
Charles Mangano ◽  
Jeffrey Rhyne ◽  
Christina Dobmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The South ◽  
Atkins Diet ◽  
Total Fat

Background : While the effect of popular diets on weight loss has been extensively studied, less is known in the absence of weight loss. We hypothesized that a diet high in total and saturated fat would be associated with adverse effects on LDL-C, endothelial function and biomarkers of atherothrombosis compared to lower fat diets. Methods : We tested 3 popular diets, including Atkins (50% fat), South Beach (30% fat) and Ornish (10% fat) in a randomized and counterbalanced, crossover study. Subjects completed each of the three 4-week dietary intervention phases followed by a 4-week washout period. They were weighed weekly and caloric adjustments made if weight change exceeded 1 kg. At the completion of each dietary phase, 3-day food records were analyzed, fasting blood was sampled and brachial artery reactivity testing (BART) performed. Results : Eighteen of 26 adults (mean age: 30.6 ± 9.6 yrs, 50% female) completed all 3 dietary phases. There were no changes in weight at the conclusion of each phase. However, non-significant increases in LDL-C occurred during the Atkins phase (pre: 96.5, post: 112.9 mg/dL; P=0.12 ), whereas LDL-C was reduced during the Ornish (pre: 110.1, post: 84.6 mg/dL; P=0.006 ) and South Beach phases (pre: 101.7, post: 91.5 mg/dL; P=0.01 ). BART testing revealed a significant inverse correlation between flow-mediated vasodilation and intake of total fat (r 2 =−0.29; P=0.03 ), saturated fat (r 2 =−0.31; P=0.02 ) and monounsaturated fat (r 2 =−0.35; P=0.01 ). Microarray analysis demonstrated increased expression of several leukocyte biomarkers including, ICAM2 (37%; P=0.002 ), SELL (26%; P=0.007 ) and SOD1 (42%; P=0.04 ) at the completion of the Atkins diet compared to baseline. In contrast, expression of atherothrombotic biomarkers was not increased after the South Beach or Ornish phase. Conclusions: In the absence of weight loss, the high fat Atkins diet is associated with increased LDL-C, reduced endothelial vasoreactivity and increased expression of biomarkers of atherothrombosis. As such, these data suggest that isocaloric conversion to the Atkins diet may negatively impact cardiovascular health as compared to the South Beach or Ornish Diet.

4099High intensity endurance and strength training in water polo Olympic team players: impact on arterial wall properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Oikonomou ◽  
G Siasos ◽  
G Marinos ◽  
M Zaromitidou ◽  
D Athanasiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Wall Properties

Abstract Background Regular physical activity is recommended for health improvement. However the upper intensity threshold associated with best health outcome is difficult to determine. Water polo (WP) Olympic athletes present unique characteristics with very high intensity work, long training sessions and a combination of endurance and strength training. Purpose To examine how long term, intense mixed endurance and strength training affect peripheral and central hemodynamics and biomarkers of cardiovascular health. Methods The study population consisted of 20 WP Olympic team player's, 20 matched recreational active subjects (RA) and 20 sedentary control subjects (Cl). Reflected waves were assessed with the Augmentation index (AIx), central aortic stiffness with pulse wave velocity (PWV) and endothelial function with flow mediated dilation (FMD). Results From Cl subjects to RA active subjects and to WP players there was a stepwise decrease in aortic systolic pressure (116±16 mmHg vs. 107±14 mmHg vs. 106±6 mmHg, p=0.03) while there was no difference in branchial systolic pressure (p=0.52). There was also a stepwise improvement in AIx (−4.22±9.97% vs. −6.97±11.28% vs. −12.14±6.62%, p=0.03) and FMD (6.61±1.78% vs. 7.78±1.98% vs. 8.3±2.05%, p=0.04) according to the intensity of exercise and WP players had lower AIx and higher FMD compared to RA subjects and to Cl subjects. Conclusions In young WP Olympic team players intense mixed endurance and strength training has no adverse impact on arterial wall properties and endothelial function with a parallel improvement in central hemodynamics. These findings highlight that there are no definitive data to support on any adverse vascular related impact of ultra-endurance training while mixed endurance and strength training may be associated with a favorable vascular profile.

Regulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow is related to measures of vascular and autonomic function

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Funada ◽  
A. Louise Dennis ◽  
Rachel Roberts ◽  
Fredrik Karpe ◽  
Keith N. Frayn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow

Appropriate blood vessel function is important to cardiovascular health. Adipose tissue plays an important role in metabolic homoeostasis, and subcutaneous abdominal ATBF (adipose tissue blood flow) is responsive to nutritional stimuli. This response is impaired in obesity, suggesting parallels with endothelial function. In the present study, we assessed whether regulation of ATBF is related to the regulation of endothelial function, assessed by FMD (flow-mediated vasodilatation) of the brachial artery. Impaired FMD is a marker of atherosclerotic risk, so we also assessed relationships between ATBF and a marker of atherosclerosis, common carotid artery IMT (intima-media thickness). As ATBF is responsive to sympatho-adrenal stimuli, we also investigated relationships with HRV (heart rate variability). A total of 79 healthy volunteers (44 female) were studied after fasting and after ingestion of 75 g of glucose. FMD, fasting ATBF and the responsiveness of ATBF to glucose were all negatively related to BMI (body mass index), confirming the adverse cardiovascular effects of adiposity. FMD was related to fasting ATBF (rs=0.32, P=0.008) and, at least in males, this relationship was independent of BMI (P=0.02). Common carotid artery IMT, measured in a subset of participants, was negatively related to fasting ATBF [rs=−0.51, P=0.02 (n=20)]. On the other hand, ATBF responsiveness to glucose had no relationship with either FMD or IMT. In multiple regression models, both fasting and stimulated ATBF had relationships with HRV. In conclusion, our results show that the regulation of ATBF has features in common with endothelial function, but also relationships with autonomic cardiovascular control as reflected in HRV.

scholarly journals Cocoa flavanol intake improves endothelial function and Framingham Risk Score in healthy men and women: a randomised, controlled, double-masked trial: the Flaviola Health Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Sansone ◽  
Ana Rodriguez-Mateos ◽  
Jan Heuel ◽  
David Falk ◽  
Dominik Schuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractCocoa flavanol (CF) intake improves endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and disease. We investigated the effects of CF on surrogate markers of cardiovascular health in low risk, healthy, middle-aged individuals without history, signs or symptoms of CVD. In a 1-month, open-label, one-armed pilot study, bi-daily ingestion of 450 mg of CF led to a time-dependent increase in endothelial function (measured as flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD)) that plateaued after 2 weeks. Subsequently, in a randomised, controlled, double-masked, parallel-group dietary intervention trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01799005), 100 healthy, middle-aged (35–60 years) men and women consumed either the CF-containing drink (450 mg) or a nutrient-matched CF-free control bi-daily for 1 month. The primary end point was FMD. Secondary end points included plasma lipids and blood pressure, thus enabling the calculation of Framingham Risk Scores and pulse wave velocity. At 1 month, CF increased FMD over control by 1·2 % (95 % CI 1·0, 1·4 %). CF decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 4·4 mmHg (95 % CI 7·9, 0·9 mmHg) and 3·9 mmHg (95 % CI 6·7, 0·9 mmHg), pulse wave velocity by 0·4 m/s (95 % CI 0·8, 0·04 m/s), total cholesterol by 0·20 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·39, 0·01 mmol/l) and LDL-cholesterol by 0·17 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·32, 0·02 mmol/l), whereas HDL-cholesterol increased by 0·10 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·04, 0·17 mmol/l). By applying the Framingham Risk Score, CF predicted a significant lowering of 10-year risk for CHD, myocardial infarction, CVD, death from CHD and CVD. In healthy individuals, regular CF intake improved accredited cardiovascular surrogates of cardiovascular risk, demonstrating that dietary flavanols have the potential to maintain cardiovascular health even in low-risk subjects.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis DE111 intake may improve blood lipids and endothelial function in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
R.E. Trotter ◽  
A.R. Vazquez ◽  
D.S. Grubb ◽  
K.E. Freedman ◽  
L.E. Grabos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Double Blind

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. By 2030 it is anticipated that CVD will claim the lives of more than 24 million people. Throughout the last decade, researchers have investigated the role of the gut microbiota in the development of CVD. Evidence exists for a positive correlation between Bifidobacterium and vascular function, glucose tolerance, and reduced systemic inflammation. Another probiotic species, Bacillus subtilis, has also been found to reduce cholesterol levels in human and animal models. In light of these data, we examined various measures of cardiovascular health after consumption of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain BL04, with and without a cocktail of Escherichia coli-targeting bacteriophages (marketed as PreforPro), Bacillus subtilis strain DE111 or a maltodextrin-based placebo in a healthy human population. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled 4-week intervention conducted in individuals 18 to 65 years of age with a body mass index of 20 to 34.9, we saw no significant changes in measured CVD parameters among individuals consuming B. lactis with or without bacteriophages. However, B. subtilis supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in total cholesterol relative to baseline measures (-8 mg/dl; P=0.04, confidence interval (CI): -13.40, -0.19), as well as non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-11 mg/dl; P=0.01, CI: -12.43, -2.07). In addition we observed trending improvements in endothelial function (P=0.05, CI: -0.003, 0.370) and in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.06, CI:-12.29, 0.2864). Strikingly, these effects were seen in a largely healthy population. These data suggest that B. subtilis supplementation may be beneficial for improving risk factors associated with CVD. Further studies in populations of older adults or those with dyslipidaemia and endothelial dysfunction is warranted.

scholarly journals L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway and KCa Channels in Endothelial Cells: A Mini-Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo González ◽  
José Carlos Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Kca Channels ◽  
Subsequent Activation ◽  
Regulation Of Vascular Tone

The endothelium is an organ with a key role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health through the regulation of vascular tone, vascular resistance, blood flow, and arterial pressure. These functions are related with the synthesis and release of vasoactive molecules, mainly vasodilators like nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Both factors are released and diffused from endothelial cells to the smooth muscle cells, where there is a subsequent activation of signaling pathways that finally decrease the intracellular calcium to induce the vascular relaxation. The study of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the endothelial function still is in development, but from the evidence obtained from the endothelial cells in vitro studies are possible to partially describe the pathways to regulate the physiological endothelial function and the disturbances in pathological conditions. In this mini-review, we describe the main mechanisms for NO synthesis and the role of potassium channels related with EDHF. We include schemes and graphical summaries for better understanding of the molecular regulation of vascular tone in the human cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals A single dose of beetroot juice improves endothelial function but not tissue oxygenation in pregnant women: a randomised clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Volino-Souza ◽  
Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira ◽  
Thiago Silveira Alvares
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Muscle Oxygen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Double Blind Design

AbstractBeetroot juice (BJ) consumption has been associated with improved cardiovascular health owing to an increase in NO bioconversion. This study evaluates the effect of BJ consumption on macrovascular endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation (FMD)) and muscle oxygen saturation (StO2) parameters in pregnant women within a randomised, crossover, double-blind design in which twelve pregnant women consumed a single dose (140 ml) of BJ or placebo (PLA). Urinary nitrate was assessed before (T0) and 150 min after BJ/PLA consumption. FMD was used to evaluate macrovascular endothelial function, and near-IR spectroscopy was used to evaluate muscle StO2 parameters during the occlusion and reperfusion phases, which were taken at baseline (PRE) and 120 and 140 min after BJ/PLA consumption, respectively. A significant increase in urinary nitrate was observed at 150 min after BJ consumption when compared with T0 (BJ: 0·20 (sd 0·13) v. T0: 0·02 (sd 0·00), P=0·000) and PLA intervention (PLA: 0·02 (sd 0·00), P=0·001). FMD improved after BJ consumption when compared with PRE (BJ: 11·00 (sd 1·67) v. PRE: 5·53 (sd 1·17), P=0·000) and PLA (5·34 (sd 1·31), P=0·000). No significant difference between PLA and PRE in FMD (P=1·000) was observed. In StO2 parameters, a difference was not observed after BJ consumption compared with PRE and PLA intervention. The data demonstrate that a single dose of 140 ml of BJ consumption improves macrovascular endothelial function, but not StO2 parameters.

scholarly journals New Indices of Endothelial Function Measured by Digital Thermal Monitoring of Vascular Reactivity: Data from 6084 Patients Registry

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Naghavi ◽  
Albert A. Yen ◽  
Alex W. H. Lin ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Stanley Kleis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Thermal Monitoring ◽  
Reactivity Measurement ◽  
Large Patient

Background. Endothelial function is viewed as a barometer of cardiovascular health and plays a central role in vascular reactivity. Several studies showed digital thermal monitoring (DTM) as a simple noninvasive method to measure vascular reactivity that is correlated with atherosclerosis risk factors and coronary artery disease. Objectives. To further evaluate the relations between patient characteristics and DTM indices in a large patient registry. Methods. DTM measures were correlated with age, sex, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 6084 patients from 18 clinics. Results. DTM vascular reactivity index (VRI) was normally distributed and inversely correlated with age (r=-0.21, p<0.0001). Thirteen percent of VRI tests were categorized as poor vascular reactivity (VRI < 1.0), 70 percent as intermediate (1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0), and 17 percent as good (VRI ≥ 2.0). Poor VRI (<1.0) was noted in 6% of <50 y, 10% of 50–70 y, and 18% of ≥70 y. In multiple linear regression analyses, age, sex, and diastolic blood pressure were significant but weak predictors of VRI. Conclusions. As the largest database of finger-based vascular reactivity measurement, this report adds to prior findings that VRI is a meaningful physiological marker and reflects a high level of residual risk found in patients currently under care.

Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga E. Schjerve ◽  
Gjertrud A. Tyldum ◽  
Arnt E. Tjønna ◽  
Tomas Stølen ◽  
Jan P. Loennechen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Training Programmes

Regular exercise training is recognized as a powerful tool to improve work capacity, endothelial function and the cardiovascular risk profile in obesity, but it is unknown which of high-intensity aerobic exercise, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or strength training is the optimal mode of exercise. In the present study, a total of 40 subjects were randomized to high-intensity interval aerobic training, continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training or maximal strength training programmes for 12 weeks, three times/week. The high-intensity group performed aerobic interval walking/running at 85–95% of maximal heart rate, whereas the moderate-intensity group exercised continuously at 60–70% of maximal heart rate; protocols were isocaloric. The strength training group performed ‘high-intensity’ leg press, abdominal and back strength training. Maximal oxygen uptake and endothelial function improved in all groups; the greatest improvement was observed after high-intensity training, and an equal improvement was observed after moderate-intensity aerobic training and strength training. High-intensity aerobic training and strength training were associated with increased PGC-1α (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α) levels and improved Ca2+ transport in the skeletal muscle, whereas only strength training improved antioxidant status. Both strength training and moderate-intensity aerobic training decreased oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels. Only aerobic training decreased body weight and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, high-intensity aerobic interval training was better than moderate-intensity aerobic training in improving aerobic work capacity and endothelial function. An important contribution towards improved aerobic work capacity, endothelial function and cardiovascular health originates from strength training, which may serve as a substitute when whole-body aerobic exercise is contra-indicated or difficult to perform.

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