scholarly journals Performance evaluation of different weeders in cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
Aman Mor ◽  
N.K. Bansal ◽  
Parveen ◽  
Nitin Karwasra ◽  
Sushil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Labour Requirement ◽  
Efficient Machine ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Time Of Harvest

The present study was carried out to predict the performance different type’s weeder in cotton crop so that efficient machine can be selected by farmer. The crop and machine performance parameter were recorded at three stages of cotton crop i.e. pre-square, square and flowering. The soil resistance was recorded before, just after weeding (3rd stage) and at the time of harvest. Yield data (g/plant) was recorded under all the treatments taken in both varieties. The weeding efficiency of different weeder was found between 74 to 89 per cent. The field capacity of tractor operated inter row rotary weeder was in the range of 0.54 to 0.59 ha/h whereas it was 0.8 ha/ h in tractor operated high clearance cultivator, 0.16 ha/h with engine operated power weeder and 0.05 ha/h with manual hand hoe. The per cent saving in cost of operation with mechanical weeder over manual hand hoe was in the range of 80 to 93. The B:C ratio of mechanical weeder selected for study was in the range of 1.57 to 4.4 and payback period was in the range of 0.44 to 1.7 years. Time saving over manual hand hoe in weeding operation with the use of tractor operated weeder was 90 to 93 per cent whereas in engine operated weeder it was 68.7 per cent over manual hand hoe. The per cent saving in labour requirement with the use of mechanical weeder was in the range of 96 to 99 per cent over manual hand hoe. From result obtained from the study tractor operated weeder (operating width= 1500mm) was found suitable for cotton crop.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cotton stalks destroyers

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Pedro H. de M. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Medium Texture

The destruction of the cotton crop residues (cotton stalks) is a mandatory procedure in Brazil for prophylactic issues, but is a subject unexplored by the research and there are few studies that deal with this issue. However, this is not encouraged in recent decades, studies aimed at developing and evaluating equipment for this purpose. The present study had the objective to evaluate six methods for mechanical destruction of cotton crop residues. Each method was defined based on the principle of operation of the active parts of the equipment, which were tested in medium texture soil and in a clayey one. The variables used to evaluate the efficiency of the equipment were the regrowth rate, the theoretical field capacity and energy demand. The equipment with convergent concave disks (DCC) and flat cutters discs from manufacturer A (CPS-a) showed the best results in cotton stalks destruction in both soil types. The harrow disc (GPD) was efficient only in clay soil. It was concluded that the equipment with convergent concave disks, among those tested, was the most efficient to destroy cotton stalks, regardless of soil type, and that the harrow disc was not included among the best performers.

Performance evaluation of single row tractor operated carrot digger

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Labour Requirement ◽  
Break Even Point

Harvesting is one of the most critical operation in carrot cultivation because it is labour intensive (350 – 450 man-h/ha) and time consuming for the farmers. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of single row tractor operated carrot digger designed by department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India. The developed digger consisted of a digging, conveying, de-topping, collector and power transmission units. The carrot digger can be operated with 35 horse power tractor. It was evaluated under three variables viz., three digging blade angles (15°, 18°, 21°), three conveyor angles (25°, 35°, 45°) and three shoot catch heights (2, 4, 6 cm). The optimum value of variables obtained for operation of carrot digger were blade angle of 21°, conveyor angle of 250 and shoot catch height of 2 cm. Effective field capacity of the digger was 0.11 ha h-1 with field efficiency of 61.70 %. The digging efficiency, cut carrots, bruised carrots, picking efficiency and cutting efficiency of de-topping unit were 100, 0.62, 0.90, 62.29 and 100%, respectively at optimized value of operational variables. The labour requirement with developed carrot digger and manual method of harvesting was found 27 and 450 man-h ha-1, respectively. The operational cost of carrot digger was found Rs. 8242 ha-1 and it saves time and cost of operation in comparison to manual method of carrot harvesting. The break-even point, payback period and benefit cost ratio were 234 hours, 2.21 years and 1.56, respectively when operated for 400 hours annually. The carrot digger works better if carrots are sown in single row on the ridges rather than the broadcasting method.

scholarly journals Preliminary analysis on mowing and harvesting grass along riverbanks for the supply of anaerobic digestion plants in north-eastern Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Boscaro ◽  
Andrea Pezzuolo ◽  
Stefano Grigolato ◽  
Raffaele Cavalli ◽  
Francesco Marinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Labour Requirement ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Energy Aspects

The increasing demand of vegetal biomass for biogas production is causing competition with food production. To reduce this problem and to provide new opportunities it is necessary to take into consideration different kinds of vegetable biomass that are more sustainable. Grass from the maintenance of non-cultivated areas such as riverbanks has not yet been fully studied as a potential biomass for biogas production. Although grass has lower methane potential, it could be interesting because it does not compete with food production. However, there is a lack of appropriate technologies and working system adapted to these areas. In this paper, different systems that could be available for the mowing and harvesting of grass along riverbanks have been preliminarily assessed through the evaluation of the field capacity, labour requirement, economic and energy aspects. The splitting of the cutting and harvesting phases into operations with different machinery seems to be the best system for handling this biomass. However, these solutions have to take into consideration the presence of obstacles or accessibility problems in the harvesting areas that could limit the operational feasibility and subsequent correct sizing.

scholarly journals In-Field Performance of Biomass Balers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-580
Author(s):  
Robert “Bobby” Grisso ◽  
Erin G. Webb ◽  
John S. Cundiff
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Motion Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Herbaceous biomass will contribute significantly to meeting renewable energy goals. Harvesting equipment for hay is generally suitable for mowing, raking, and baling grasses such as switchgrass; however, there is a need for field data to better understand machine performance in energy crops. The purpose of this study was to collect field data to estimate baler field capacity, throughput, and speed. Data gathered with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) unit during baling provided time-motion studies of baler productivity. Six fields were used to compare field capacity, speed, and throughput results from four round balers and one large-square baler. The results show that in-field performance of round balers is significantly affected by yield, but that the relationship can be represented with machinery management concepts, knowledge of maximum throughput, and wrap-eject time. Baler performance will be overestimated if the yield, maximum throughput, and wrap-eject time are not correctly accounted for.

Time is the most Important Resource for Increasing Construction Efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Panibratov ◽  
Arkady Larionov
Keyword(s):  
Payback Period ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Object Construction ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Construction Efficiency ◽  
Period Duration ◽  
Construction Product ◽  
Production Resources

Time is presented as a special category of resource in the investment and construction process influencing directly or indirectly the final economic results of this type of activity. The main emphasis is placed by the authors in the course of justifying their approach on giving consideration in the context of this publication to such parameters as the service live of the ready construction product; investments payback period; duration of object construction; intensity of investment in time; labor productivity, etc. Proceeding from the revealed time losses between designing and construction; preparation to construction and its beginning; inter-shift and whole-shift downtime due to unsatisfactory production discipline; failures to meet the production resources delivery dates; disturbed plans of performing works, a conclusion has been made on the fact that solution of each of the foregoing tasks is the direct time saving and one of the main trends for increasing economic effectiveness of construction. It has been justified that the intensity of investing in time shall grow from a minimum at the initial stage to a maximum at the final stage.

scholarly journals Determining the influence of transformation changes in the life cycle on the assessment of effectiveness of an ecologistic system project

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3 (109)) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Sergey Rudenko ◽  
Viktor Gogunskii ◽  
Tetiana Kovtun ◽  
Victoriya Smrkovska
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Linear Polynomial ◽  
Project Life Cycle ◽  
Project Phases ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
System Project ◽  
Project Life

The issue of assessing the effectiveness of a project of an ecologistic system using the criterion of «a discounted payback period», which takes into consideration the transformational changes in the project life cycle, was considered. The specific features of the life cycle of a project of an ecologistic system, in the structure of which it is proposed to include environmentally-oriented regeneration and revitalization phases, were explored. The phases of a life cycle were divided into stages, between which consecutive and parallel relations were established. The project life cycle consists of time intervals, during which from one to three stages of the project phases can run in parallel. A model of the life cycle of an ecologistic system, which shows the relations between time intervals and cash flows that correspond to the stages of the project life cycle phases, was developed. A mathematical formula for calculating the discounted payback period of a project, which takes into consideration the specific features of the formation of cash flows of separate phases of the life cycle of an ecologistic system, was proposed. The application of the formula is possible when assuming the constancy of cash flows of the stages of operational and the regeneration phases, which corresponds to the conditions of uncertainty of their forecasting at the beginning of the project. The functional dependences between the discounted payback period and cash flows during the phases of a project life cycle were studied. Depending on a phase of the life cycle, the dependence is expressed by a linear, polynomial, or power function. The identification of functional dependences makes it possible to study the dynamics of changes in the discounted payback period with changes in project cash flows, which can be used in forecasting the effectiveness of an ecologistic system project.

scholarly journals Respons fisiologi pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga genotip jawawut terhadap cekaman kekeringan

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/4590 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Yuyun Yuwariah ◽  
Sheli Mustikasari Dewi ◽  
Warid Ali Qosim ◽  
Anne Nuraini
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Plot Design

Jawawut merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan lokal Indonesia yang belum banyak dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan genotip jawawut yang memberikan pengaruh paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil pada berbagai tingkat pemberian air di rumah plastik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan September 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama terdiri dari tiga macam genotip yaitu genotip 44, 46, dan 48. Anak petak terdiri dari tiga taraf kapasitas lapang  yaitu 75%, 50% dan 25%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pemberian air 25% kapasitas lapang berpengaruh paling buruk terhadap  proses fisiologis pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga genotip jawawut. Genotip 44 dan 46, pada pemberian air 50 % KL menghasilkan  konduktan stomata terbaik. Genotip 46 dan 48 memberikan pengaruh paling baik terhadap proses fisiologis pertumbuhan dan hasil jawawut yaitu jumlah anakan per rumpun.ABSTRACTMillet is one of Indonesia's local food crops that has not been widely developed as food sources. The purpose of this study was to obtain the genotypes of millet which gave the best effect on the growth and yield at various levels of water supply in the plastic house. The study was conducted from June to September 2017 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The research used the Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot factor consisted of three levels of treatment; genotypes 44, 46, and 48. The subplot factor consisted of three stages of different treatment of the field capacity; 75%, 50% and 25%. The results showed the treatment of 25% water to field capacity had the worst effect on the physiological process of growth and yield of three millet genotypes. Genotypes 44 and 46, at 50% field capacity, produced the best stomatal conductance. Genotype 46 and 48 showed the best response to the physiological processes for the number of tillers.

scholarly journals Field performance of BARI urea super granule applicator

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
MA Hoque ◽  
MR Karim ◽  
MS Miah ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Average Field ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Similar Yield

Field performance of BARI Urea Super Granule (USG) applicator was evaluated on BARI research stations (Gazipur, Pabna, and Barisal) and farmer’s field (Pabna, Barisal, Magura,Narshingdi,Jhenadah, Sirajgang, Rajbari and Jhalkathi) during the boro season of 2012-13. The applicator was tested with four treatments- application of USG by hand (165 kg/ha), application of USG by BARI USG applicator (165 kg/ha), application of prilled urea at USG rate (165 kg/ha) and application of prilled urea at farmers practice. In the farmer’s field, USG applicators were evaluated with the traditional broadcasting of granular urea. Similar yield of rice was obtained from machine and hand application of USG in all locations. Higher yield of rice was obtained from USG than granular urea. During field test, average field capacity and efficiency of the applicator were 0.138 ha/h and 81%, respectively. Considering custom hiring, the net income per year was Tk. 71750 and the payback period was 3 days. The price of the applicator is Tk. 3500.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 103-113, March 2016

scholarly journals Effect of Water Deficit Stress on Yield Performances in Wet Seeded Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
S Parveen ◽  
E Humphreys ◽  
M Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Consistent Trend ◽  
Labour Requirement ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Water Tension

Worldwide fresh water scarcity and labour unavailability in agriculture are driving researchers and farmers to find management strategies that will increase water productivity and reduce labour requirement. Wet seeding instead of transplanting rice greatly reduces the labour requirement for crop establishment, while use of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) instead of continuous flooding reduces irrigation input. However, the safe threshold for irrigating wet seeded rice (WSR) at different crop stages has not been investigated. Therefore, experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different degrees of water stress during different crop growth stages on yield performance of WSR. This was done in greenhouse experiment in the 2011 wet season 2011 at the International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines. In the experiment, water stresses were applied by withholding irrigation until soil water tension increased to 10, 20 or 40 kPa (kilo pascal) at 10 cm below the soil surface. Soil water tension was measured using 30 cm long guage tensiometer installed with the center of the ceramic cup. The stresses were applied during three crop stages: 3-leaf (3L) to panicle initiation (PI), PI to flowering (FL), and FL to physiological maturity (PM). The experiment also included a continuously flooded (CF) treatment. The number of drying events ranged from 8-12 during 3L-PI, 6-10 during PI-FL and 6-10 during FL-PM. There was a consistent trend for a decline in the number of irrigations and irrigation input with increasing irrigation threshold, and thresholds of 20 and 40 kPa resulted in significantly lower input than with CF. There were consistent trends for lower grain yield as the level of water deficit stress increased, and imposition of stresses of 20 and 40 kPa at any or all three stages significantly reduced grain yield compared with CF. There was a trend for the reduction in grain yield to be greater when the stresses were imposed at all three stages compared with a single stage, but the differences were not significant. There was a consistent trend for irrigation water productivity (WPi) to decrease as the irrigation threshold increased, with significantly lower values for a 40 kPa threshold at any stage, in comparison with CF. This was because the decline in water input to the pots was less than the decline in yield as the threshold increased. The results suggest that the optimum threshold for irrigation of WSR is 10 kPa during the vegetative and grain filling stages, and that the soil should be kept at close to saturation during PI-FLBangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(1): 1-12

scholarly journals UP-SCALING PADDY YIELD AT SATELLITE-FOOTPRINT SCALE USING SATELLITE DATA IN CONJUNCTION WITH CCE DATA IN SAHIBGANJ DISTRICT, JHARKHAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W6 ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Parida ◽  
A. K. Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Paddy Yield ◽  
Up Scaling

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of India as almost half of the workforce dependent on agriculture and allied activities. Rice is an important staple food and provides nutritious need for the billions of population. Mapping the spatial distribution of paddy and predicting yields at district level aggregation are crucial for food security measures. This study has utilized the time-series MODIS-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data in conjunction with CCE data to derive a statistical model for up-scaling paddy yield at satellite-footprint scale over Sahibganj district in Kharif (monsoon) season 2017. The CCE data were collected from ten random paddy plots. In addition, Area, Production, and Yield (APY) data were collected during harvesting period by interacting with eighty farmers belong to eight villages. The AquaCrop model was also used to simulate the paddy yield for Kharif season. The key results showed that based on the farmers-based yield data, paddy yield was observed as ~3200&amp;thinsp;kg/hectare, whereas, NDVI and EVI-based yield models based on satellite data showed about 2,960 and 3,530 kg/hectare, respectively. Moreover, multi-regression-based yield model showed the mean yield of 3,070&amp;thinsp;kg/hectare. With respect to farmers-level yield data, the relative deviation (RD) of yield based on NDVI data was &amp;minus;7.5% (underestimation), while EVI was 10.31% (overestimation). The multi-regression-based yield model and AquaCrop model were underestimated by &amp;minus;4.06 and &amp;minus;10.16%, respectively. Thus, it can be inferred that the multi-regression-based yield was close to farmers-based survey yields. It can be concluded that the satellite databased yield prediction can be reliable with &amp;plusmn;&amp;thinsp;10% of RD. Nevertheless, remote sensing technology can be beneficial over traditional survey method as the satellite-based methods are cost-effective, robust, reliable, and time-saving than the traditional methods.</p>

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