Literature Review: Pollutant Removal Efficacy of Floating Treatment Wetlands Across Water Bodies

This article provides useful information for understanding the specific role of microbes in the pollutant removal process in floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). The current literature is collected and organized to provide an insight into the specific role of microbes toward plants and pollutants. Several aspects are discussed, such as important components of FTWs, common bacterial species, rhizospheric and endophytes bacteria, and their specific role in the pollutant removal process. The roots of plants release oxygen and exudates, which act as a substrate for microbial growth. The bacteria attach themselves to the roots and form biofilms to get nutrients from the plants. Along the plants, the microbial community also influences the performance of FTWs. The bacterial community contributes to the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, toxic metals, hydrocarbon, and organic compounds. Plant–microbe interaction breaks down complex compounds into simple nutrients, mobilizes metal ions, and increases the uptake of pollutants by plants. The inoculation of the roots of plants with acclimatized microbes may improve the phytoremediation potential of FTWs. The bacteria also encourage plant growth and the bioavailability of toxic pollutants and can alleviate metal toxicity.

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Ornamental plants for floating treatment wetlands: preliminary results

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2020.1602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Alberto Barco ◽

Maurizio Borin

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Root Length ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Mentha Aquatica ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands

Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) represent a novel ecotechnology for the treatment of different types of wastewaters in natural or artificial water bodies, through the use of traditional rooted emergent macrophyte species supported by floating rafts. Although many studies have reported the treatment performances of FTWs, showing an excellent aptitude for removing nutrients, heavy metals as well as suspended solids, the investigation of vegetation has not received much attention up to now, especially for herbaceous ornamental plant species that could form an interesting opportunity to improve water quality and the esthetic-ornamental value of urban water bodies. For this reason, a pilot scale FTW was installed in Northern Italy to assess the growth performances of eleven wetland species having ornamental features: Canna indica L., Pontederia cordata L., Thalia dealbata Fraser ex Roscoe, Acorus calamus L., Juncus effusus L., Iris laevigata L., Mentha aquatica L., Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC., Caltha palustris L., Sparganium erectum L. and Zantedeschia aetiopica (L.) Srengel. For these species, a suitability index was elaborated that considers plant survivability, above-mat biomass production, nitrogen uptake, root length and root-shoot ratio. On this basis, the results obtained clearly indicated that C. indica, P. cordata and T. dealbata were the most suitable species for FTW due to their high vigor and colonization of the floating mats (1638.9 g m–2, 483.4 g m–2, 566.1 g m–2 of above-mat dry biomass, respectively; 38.8 cm, 62.0 cm, 43.8 cm root length, respectively; 0.8, 0.9, 1.2 root-shoot ratio, respectively), survival (100%), nitrogen uptake (15.1 g m–2, 15.0 g m–2, 15.7 g m–2 respectively). On the contrary, A. calamus, S. erectum and Z. aetiopica did not present adequate features for use in FTWs.

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AN INTRODUCTION TO FLOATING TREATMENT WETLANDS AND ITS APPLICATION POTENTIAL FOR REMEDIATION OF CITARUM WATERSHED, INDONESIA

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.8186 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (4-2) ◽

Author(s):

Indriatmoko Indriatmoko ◽

Raden Pandoe Prahoro

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Aquatic Area ◽

Application Potential ◽

Water Pollutant ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands ◽

Physical And Chemical

Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) are considered the most applicable and cost effective instrument for aquatic pollutant removal. This aquaponic–based bioremediation has become a potential alternative solution since inorganic (physical and chemical) treatment is seen to be ineffective for large–scale polluted objects. Numerous investigations have proved that FTWs are potential to decrease major pollutant concentration in water e.g., nitrogen, phosphate, as well as heavy metals. This treatment is applicable by using different macrophytes species. Depending on its pollutant target, the use of macrophytes will vary to its pollutant which will be removed. There are only limited reports available relating to application of macrophytes as pollutant removal applied in Indonesia. Citarum watershed is known as one of the most polluted aquatic area in Indonesia. It urgently needs a suitable method of water pollutant removal in this area. This paper aims to describe the application of FTWs as one of remediation methods that harnesses a significant potential because of its low-cost, eco-friendly, and sustainable nature for water restoration.

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Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12145801 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 5801

Author(s):

Fan Wei ◽

Munazzam Jawad Shahid ◽

Ghalia S. H. Alnusairi ◽

Muhammad Afzal ◽

Aziz Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Textile Effluent ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Incomplete Removal ◽

Essential Components ◽

Floating Treatment Wetlands ◽

Selection Of

The textile industry is one of the most chemically intensive industries, and its wastewater is comprised of harmful dyes, pigments, dissolved/suspended solids, and heavy metals. The treatment of textile wastewater has become a necessary task before discharge into the environment. The textile effluent can be treated by conventional methods, however, the limitations of these techniques are high cost, incomplete removal, and production of concentrated sludge. This review illustrates recent knowledge about the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for remediation of textile wastewater. The FTWs system is a potential alternative technology for textile wastewater treatment. FTWs efficiently removed the dyes, pigments, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the textile effluent. Plants and bacteria are essential components of FTWs, which contribute to the pollutant removal process through their physical effects and metabolic process. Plants species with extensive roots structure and large biomass are recommended for vegetation on floating mats. The pollutant removal efficiency can be enhanced by the right selection of plants, managing plant coverage, improving aeration, and inoculation by specific bacterial strains. The proper installation and maintenance practices can further enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and aesthetic value of the FTWs. Further research is suggested to develop guidelines for the selection of right plants and bacterial strains for the efficient remediation of textile effluent by FTWs at large scales.

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